Exteriorization Of Uterus Research Articles

Comparison of visceral pain incidence during cesarean section performed under spinal or epidural anesthesia.

The incidence of visceral pain during cesarean section performed under regional anesthesia was studied in 80 unpremedicated patients. They were divided in two similar groups concerning age, weight and height. Group 1 consisted of 40 patients submitted to cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, while in group 2 (40 patients) epidural anesthesia was used. Surgery was totally painless for all patients of group 1 patients, whereas in group 2 intraoperative analgesia was complete for 11, good in 18 and fair in 10 patients. One patient of group 2 required general anesthesia due to excrutiating pain during exteriorization of uterus despite a seemly adequate lebel of cutaneous analgesia of T(6). The authors conclude that spinal anesthesia favorably compares with epidural anesthesia for cesarean section, because the incidence of visceral pain with the former was nill and because both techniques are equally safe for mothers and neonates.

Measurement of Temperature Rise in Prenatal Rats During Exposure of the Exteriorized Uterus to Ultrasound

We have found that ultrasound produces intensitydepen- dent increases in embryotoxicity after exposure of the rat conceptus within the exteriorized uterus. To estimate the range where thermal mechanismspertain,implanted thermocouples and adigital thermometer were used to measure fetal and maternal temperatures under the same exposure conditions. Results with protracted exposures to focused beams were analyzed by calculating polynomial equations from the data for individual animals and developing families of curves describing tem- perature-time relationships for progressively greater intensities at two frequencies used in our bioeffects studies. Ancillary experiments examined heat dissipation by circulating blood. In experiments with plane beams, intensities were increased at S-minute intervals and separate polynomials were fit to each segment. The composite step-function curves indicated that patterns of temperature rise in the fetus were similar at 0.8 and 2.4 MHz, but the rises were greater at the higher fre- quency. Temperature rises in maternal tissues were frequency depen- dent and were great enough to account for effects observed in dams ex- posed at high intensities. The data with both focused and plane beams are generally consistent with the shapes of our embryotoxicity response curves and implicate thermal mechanisms in many of the effects.

CYCLIC CHANGES IN THE EXTERIORIZED UTERUS

No PART OF reproductive physiology has been contributed to more richly,during recent years, than the study of cyclic changes in the genital tract. However the manner of rhythmic production by the ovary of the effective substances which cause uterine and vaginal changes, and the way in which the hypophysis in turn controls ovarian activity are still questions. For eventual solution of these problems it is, perhaps, essential to record all evidence of recurring physiological change which can be related in any way to the reproductive cycle. Therefor we are reporting here certain changes in the uterus of the rhesus monkey. The alternating extrusion and retraction of the exteriorized uterus has a definite orientation in time to the appearance of vaginal bleeding and because of this may be of interest in the study of the primate menstrual cycle. The following observations took place during the study of two rhesus monkeys in