Exterior Space Research Articles

PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE PARTICLEBOARD FROM WASTE PLUM PITS (PRUNUS DOMESTICA) AND IMPROVEMENT OF ITS CHARACTERISTICS

This paper deals with investigating the feasibility of using waste plum pits in the production of composite particleboard materials and the improvement of their mechanical and physical properties. Biodegradability, flammability and water absorption are the primary disadvantages of wood-based composites, which reduce their service life. In this experimental study, waste colemanite was used to decrease the known flammability of wood composites. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) was used to increase the water resistance and prevent biodegradability of the prepared materials, and hemp fiber was added to increase their mechanical strength. Thus, the objective was to avoid the disadvantages of wood-based materials. Based on the results of the flexural strength test, the optimum polymer composite material production parameters were determined to be as follows: 0.50 filler/binder ratio, 56 kg/cm2 moulding pressure and 0.75 hemp fiber ratio. According to the results of the experiments, the use of waste colemanite in the production of composite materials improves their non-flammability, while decreasing flexural and screw withdrawal strengths. It was determined that waste plum pits could be used to substitute for wood chips, as an alternative filler material in the production of composite materials. As a result, eco-friendly polymer composite materials were produced from waste plum pits, hemp fiber, and waste colemanite. The obtained composite materials are compliant with applicable standards and are suitable for application as building materials for use in both interior and exterior space.

The Art of Decorating Traditional Ceramic Tiles in Contemporary Vietnamese Architecture and Interior

Terracotta ceramic brick is a material with a long history in the life of the Vietnamese people, often used to build and decorate ancient architectural works with special techniques, visual arts, and decoration sharp. Over hundreds of years, although at present, the artifacts made from terracotta pottery are no longer intact on the ancient architectural works, they have still been kept as precious heritages, contributing to the formation of the imaging system. Unique statues and symbols in traditional Vietnamese architectural decoration art. Many designers have used traditional ceramic tiles to decorate contemporary architectural, interior, and exterior spaces to create a unique feature for each project. From the perspective of Fine Arts, Design, and a practical approach, the article aims to identify the characteristics, inheritance, and continuation of the artistic heritage of traditional ceramic tile decoration in architectural and interior design contemporary furniture in Vietnam, thereby proposing and suggesting some solutions to this problem.

Quantitative Comparison of Space Syntax in Regional Characteristics of Rural Architecture: A Study of Traditional Rural Houses in Jinhua and Quzhou, China

In China’s rural renewal, the regional characteristics of rural traditional houses are often ignored. Local governments and real estate developers have distorted the perception of traditional buildings, damaging their sustainability. This paper analyzes the traditional rural houses of Jinhua and Quzhou, Zhejiang, China, based on space syntax. Its objective is to demonstrate concretely the regional characteristics of architecture through quantitative analysis. By summarizing the comparison of various variables, these characteristics can be further expressed. This will allow us to better understand the wishes of local residents for living space in a more accurate and quantified manner. As the subject of this study, 34 typical buildings are examined in 19 villages. According to the analysis of the RA, integration, and control values of space syntax, each room in these buildings is calculated. The courtyard, the hall, and the main room are chosen as the principal research areas. In addition, the exterior space is considered to be a key factor. As a result of this study, it is found that rural traditional houses in Jinhua and Quzhou have their own regional characteristics. These characteristics are presented as differences between the above-noted spaces in different comparative analyses and are consistent with the actual situation. It enables the rural traditional houses to be scientifically and quantitatively analyzed, which can be helpful for architectural renewal. As a consequence, it is possible to support the sustainability of rural buildings using data analysis, as well as safeguard the personalized rights and interests of local residents regarding housing.

Luxury yacht spaces and their impact on the well-being of guests and crew

PurposeThe purpose of this practice-led article is to explore yachting tourism and its impact on visitors' well-being. This is specifically addressed through the lens of yacht spaces on luxury boats, their use and therefore the enjoyment they facilitate for guests. The article argues that the sense of well-being and satisfaction with life can be facilitated by creating stylish and comfortable spaces which allow a closer connection and interaction with the outdoor environment, ability to combine work and pleasure, and offer retreat for personalised well-being activities such as beauty treatments.Design/methodology/approachThe article is supported by knowledge derived from relevant books, academic and practitioner journals and media, including newspaper articles and websites. The article utilised a qualitative methodology to obtain first-hand luxury yacht practitioner knowledge through ethnographic methods of the life-course of the researcher. Primary data were qualitatively analysed in the context of prior knowledge of the industry.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that interior and exterior spaces on luxury boats can contribute to and enhance the state of well-being and satisfaction with one's life by providing spaces which are not only unique and exclusive in their beauty and comfort but also can facilitate the quality of overall experience when on a luxury yacht holiday. This includes connection with the broader environment of the area, tranquillity, possibility to enjoy one's holiday while being able to engage in one's work, enhancing the quality of a luxury yacht holiday experience through customising one's recreational and relaxation activities such as beauty treatments, sunbathing and offering space for personal seclusion and privacy. Design of yacht spaces in some cases also offers recreation areas for crew, which is a considerate approach towards the well-being of staff. However, this is not currently common practice, especially on smaller boats.Practical implicationsOne potential implication is recognition of the use of space on luxury yachts for the particular benefit of guests. This is a critical consideration at the stage of architectural design of the yacht and its interior planning. Another practical implication is the introduction of recreational/well-being spaces for crew to maximise their productivity by offering them space to recharge their physical and psychological state while working away from home and at intense work levels.Originality/valueThe value of the article is in shedding light on the importance of spaces on luxury yachts and discussing their impact on the well-being of guests and crew. The article provides an insight into daily operations and the use of space to achieve the enhancement of well-being of guests and crew. It also offers recommendations to relevant stakeholders in the luxury yacht industry, charter companies and luxury yacht architects and designers regarding the importance of spaces for owners and guests of luxury yachts to maximise their satisfaction with their luxury yacht experiences and, more specifically, their state of well-being. Understanding the reality of the luxury yachting experience contributes to our academic engagement with this sector of Special Interest Tourism (SIT) which is currently under-researched.

Rethinking the External Space of Japanese Public Libraries from the Perspective of Urban Sustainability in a Post-Pandemic Era

In the post-pandemic era, cities are facing new demands and challenges. Both telecommuting and dense development require communities to provide more public space to meet people’s psychological and physical needs. The insufficient space currently left in the city calls for stock development. The Japanese public libraries affected by COVID-19 are part of this stock. We aimed to determine and propose strategies for using the external space of libraries to enhance the sustainability of cities. Ultimately, we expect to achieve a synergy between public libraries and cities in terms of sustainability. We found that the most dominant element in the exterior space of Japanese public libraries is parking lots, which have the potential to be flexibly utilized in the post-pandemic era. We also summarized the current patterns of external space for public libraries in Japan. Finally, we proposed six strategies to enhance the sustainability of libraries and cities. These strategies can simultaneously enhance the sustainability of cities and public libraries from multiple perspectives, especially in the post-pandemic era. Our proposal will not only help to build or renew public libraries in the future, but also fills a gap in the urban perspective of Japanese public libraries and their external spaces.

Structure of a SIN3–HDAC complex from budding yeast

SIN3-HDAC (histone deacetylases) complexes have important roles in facilitating local histone deacetylation to regulate chromatin accessibility and gene expression. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the budding yeast SIN3-HDAC complex Rpd3L at an average resolution of 2.6 Å. The structure reveals that two distinct arms (ARM1 and ARM2) hang on a T-shaped scaffold formed by two coiled-coil domains. In each arm, Sin3 interacts with different subunits to create a different environment for the histone deacetylase Rpd3. ARM1 is in the inhibited state with the active site of Rpd3 blocked, whereas ARM2 is in an open conformation with the active site of Rpd3 exposed to the exterior space. The observed asymmetric architecture of Rpd3L is different from those of available structures of other class I HDAC complexes. Our study reveals the organization mechanism of the SIN3-HDAC complex and provides insights into the interaction pattern by which it targets histone deacetylase to chromatin.

Five-dimensional cylindrical anisotropic fluid in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity

In this paper, we present a static solution for the five-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravitational field equations with a cylindrical symmetry and an anisotropic fluid as a source. We consider whole set of equations in the interior space which sourced by static cylindrical anisotropic fluid and junction conditions required for smoothly matching with exterior space which is a cylindrical vacuum solution of five dimensional EGB equation. We achieve density and pressures as functions of cylindrical radial coordinate and give some graphically analysis under numerical solution.

Business Cards: Rolodex Half-Life, An Exposed Life Told in Cards

This contribution to the “Housewife’s Secret Arsenal” intimately explores the domestication of toxicity through two pieces of material culture: a Bracero Program (1942–1964) identification card and a residential gardening business card. Both cards belonged to my father. I use these cards to tell how my father’s access to the domestic space of the nation’s agriculture fields and into the domestic exterior space of people’s gardens in Southern California was predicated on his availability to chemical exposure as a racialized body. In the wake of my father’s death from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, both images have been reworked and reimagined with a ghostly imprint of a saturating but barely visible history of toxic exposure. I have reworked each card by adding the chemical compounds for DDT and glyphosate. This entry seeks to query how the domestication of war and toxicity accumulates more for certain bodies and how these histories of exposure might also be reworked to imagine otherwise foreclosed forms of sociality and memory. This essay is a part of the Roundtable called “The Housewife’s Secret Arsenal” (henceforth HSA); a collection of eight object-oriented engagements focusing on particular material instantiations of domesticated war. The title of this roundtable is deliberately tongue-in-cheek reminding readers of the many ways that militarisms can be invisible to their users yet persistent in the form of mundane household items that aid in the labor of homemaking. Juxtaposing the deliberately stereotyped “housewife” with the theater of war raises questions about the quiet migration of these objects and technologies from battlefield to kitchen, or bathroom, or garden. Gathered together as an “arsenal,” their uncanny proximity to one another becomes a key critical tool in asking how war comes to find itself at home in our lives.

ラファエル・ソリアノの住宅建築作品における外部空間の構成の類型とその移行

This study is a research project to elucidate the characteristics of Raphael Soriano, who became a leading figure in post-WW2 architecture on the west coast of the US through works such as Case Study House #1950, with particular attention given to the composition of exterior spaces of residential buildings which were his primary focus. This research analyzes Soriano's composition of outdoor spaces and the types and transitions thereof based on the following four criteria : Lot shape and cross-sectional composition, building layout and establishment of boundaries, building layout and composition of views, exterior spaces and composition of apertures.

An Appraisal of Double Skin Facade in Building Design: Architectural Intervention and Sustainability

One of the key issues in twentieth-century architecture is the energy problem and daily rise in environmental pollution brought on by the creation of greenhouse gases, particularly in the construction industry. The purpose of the research that follows is to investigate how well buildings heat up while also updating double-skinned facades to ensure thermal comfort for the residents while using the least amount of energy possible. The thoughtful design of a building's exterior is one of the most crucial ways to conserve energy in that structure. The finest choice for controlling the interplay between the interior and exterior spaces is a ‘double-skin facade’. Double-skin facades have been used more frequently recently to increase transparency in both building renovations and new construction. Although glare issues may worsen, double-skin facades improve lighting levels and the outside view. When comparing a typical glass facade to one with an additional layer of glazing, it is possible to reduce heat loss and outside noise. A very critical concern appears to be the protection of external solar shading devices against wind and deterioration. This paper reviews and discusses the earlier research on double-skin building facade systems. The evaluation of a double-skin facade system for long-term building envelope or infrastructure development is the main theme of the paper.

Lagrangian Grassmannians, CKP Hierarchy and Hyperdeterminantal Relations

This work concerns the relation between the geometry of Lagrangian Grassmannians and the CKP integrable hierarchy. The Lagrange map from the Lagrangian Grassmannian of maximal isotropic (Lagrangian) subspaces of a finite dimensional symplectic vector space $V\oplus V^*$ into the projectivization of the exterior space $\Lambda V$ is defined by restricting the Pl\"ucker map on the full Grassmannian to the Lagrangian sub-Grassmannian and composing it with projection to the subspace of symmetric elements under dualization $V \leftrightarrow V^*$. In terms of the affine coordinate matrix on the big cell, this reduces to the principal minors map, whose image is cut out by the $2 \times 2 \times 2$ quartic {\em hyperdeterminantal} relations. To apply this to the CKP hierarchy, the Lagrangian Grassmannian framework is extended to infinite dimensions, with $V\oplus V^*$ replaced by a polarized Hilbert space $ {\mathcal H} ={\mathcal H}_+\oplus {\mathcal H}_-$, with symplectic form $\omega$. The image of the Plucker map in the fermionic Fock space ${\mathcal F}= \Lambda^{\infty/2}{\mathcal H}$ is identified and the infinite dimensional Lagrangian map is defined. The linear constraints defining reduction to the CKP hierarchy are expressed as a fermionic null condition and the infinite analogue of the hyperdeterminantal relations is deduced. A multiparametric family of such relations is shown to be satisfied by the evaluation of the $\tau$-function at translates of a point in the space of odd flow variables along the cubic lattices generated by power sums in the parameters.

The characteristic transition between the exterior and interior spaces in the exterior and interior spaces in the traditional dwellings of berat (Albania)

The characteristic transition between the exterior and interior spaces in the exterior and interior spaces in the traditional dwellings of berat (Albania)

A Comparison between New Energy Vehicles Owner Reviews And Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle Owner Reviews in the Chinese Market

The issue of energy has received much attention from all aspects across the world, including the automotive industry. Both policies and technology development have pushed automotive manufacturers to turn to new energy vehicles (NEVs) from traditional internal-combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). To understand how consumers in the market perceive these two different types of vehicles, the study sets out to investigate car owners’ reviews of both types of vehicles. A total of 30000 reviews from 20 models (10 from each type) including reports of the most satisfying parts and the most unsatisfying parts of the vehicles are analyzed. The results show that the two types of car owners demonstrate differences when discussing satisfaction in dimensions of exterior design, engine power, and space. The results also show that they demonstrate differences when discussing unsatisfaction in dimensions of interior design, space, range and battery, new car pickup time, and engine power, of which the latter three are specific to vehicle type. Finally, the study also finds a stronger unsatisfied sentiment in ICEV owners’ reviews than in NEV owners’ reviews.

BerlinUnter Grund: Vision beyond the surface city

AbstractThis article examines a selection of poetry and short prose depictingU‐Bahnjourneys in early 20th‐century Berlin. While the cultural imagination of Berlin's emergence as a modern metropolis in the late 19th and early 20th centuries is closely intertwined with the historical novelty of exterior spaces in the city and the figure of the perambulating flaneur, the cityscape's underground, made up ofU‐Bahntunnels and thousands of passengers have figured much less prominently in scholarship on Berlin's modernity. The close readings focus on the texts’ mediation of the sensory experience of underground dwelling and the impact of the sudden shifts between above‐ and belowground environments on the passenger's perception of space. As the article shows, the visual imagination and literary tropes that we encounter in theU‐Bahnsignify not only modes of representing modern urban space but also hold significance for understanding the importance of threshold experiences in modernity.

Interlaboratory comparison of ISO 23351-1: speech level reduction of furniture ensembles

International standard ISO 23351-1:2020 describes a laboratory method for declaring the speech level reduction DS,A of furniture ensembles (such as partially enclosed pods or workstations) and enclosures (such as phone booths). Such products are increasingly used in lounges, hospitals, education buildings, open-plan offices, and similar places to provide local places of improved speech privacy or concentration. DS,A describes how much the product reduces the A-weighted sound power level of standard speech to the exterior space. The method is based on repeated application of ISO 3741 standard. The purpose of our study was to determine the precision of the ISO 23351-1 method for two extreme kinds of products that the method covers: a workstation and a phone booth. Eight independent laboratories from six countries participated in the accuracy experiment. Two specimens were circulated in these laboratories and tested according to ISO 23351-1. Measured DS,A values varied from 3.7 to 5.5 for the workstation and from 27.2 to 30.3 dB for the booth. The corresponding reproducibility standard deviations were 0.6 and 1.1 dB, respectively. The results have been exploited in the ISO 23351-1 standard.

Spatial Dialogues between Exhibited Interiors and Cultural Exteriors: How Local Museums Connect to the Community

Local museums can no longer simply wait for visitors to come and see their exhibited interiors. They are tasked with community engagement and cultural continuity. They must remain relevant to their communities, but how? Recently, local museums, especially those promoting local history, have struggled to relate to rapidly changing and diverse communities. To ensure museums are community-centred spaces, this research suggests that their spatial components need rethinking. While exhibitions in local museums should be designed through a collaboration and co-creation process between museum staff and locals, semi-outdoor and exterior spaces could be organised to host community gatherings, cultural events, and public conveniences. The paper explores the spatial dialogue between exhibited interiors, semi-outdoor multifunction spaces, and cultural exteriors of four local museums in Thailand, including how they build communities and support cultural heritage. The paper elucidates that while the exhibited interiors of these local museums represent pride in treasures of the past, semi-outdoor multipurpose spaces and cultural exteriors support heritage continuity. With a combination of the three spatial components: exhibited interior, semi-outdoor multifunction space, and cultural exterior, local museums can look forward to a promising future.

Self-gravitating electrically charged anisotropic strange star model

The main focus of this paper is devoted to exploring the physical aspects of compact stars with the presence of electric charge under an embedded Class I approach in the arena of Bardeen geometry. We derive the embedded Class I solutions by taking spherically symmetric static spacetime with an anisotropic source of matter. We also look at the equation of state (EoS) for strange quark matter (SQM), which inspired the phenomenological MIT-Bag model as a free Fermi gas of quarks. The unknown constants are evaluated through the boundary conditions along with the Bardeen model to portray as an exterior space–time. Bardeen’s model becomes very interesting in an entertaining and unique way with great precision as it could be interpreted as the analytical solutions of some appropriate nonlinear electrodynamics associated with the gravitational field. In this concern, we thoroughly explored the dependence of several physical parameters, such as the metric potentials, energy density, pressure constituents, anisotropy, and electric charge, etc., on the chosen varied values of n. Finally, we discuss the physical viability and stability of the stellar model through various physical tests. It is important to mention here that the obtained stellar configuration is in agreement with the physical viability and stability criteria under the effect of the electric charge and anisotropic fluid source of matter.

Acting Across Diaspora: Transnational Spaces and Voices in Hala Alyan’s The Arsonists’ City

In The Arsonists’ City (2021), Arab American novelist Hala Alyan casts a piercing spotlight on how diasporic and transnational voices are burdened with cultural ambivalences, negative stereotypes, prejudices and discriminations. This paper shows how Hollywood cinema does not help the protagonist, Mazna, to remodel her diasporic identity to be a successful actress. A Syrian actress who has emigrated from Syria to Lebanon and then to the USA to achieve her dream and identity, Mazna’s life turns upside down when Hollywood forces her to take on negative terrorist, sexualized and culturally insensitive roles in films. As this article discusses, Alyan uncovers how these roles dehumanize and trample the Arab races and cultures. It is in this sense that the diasporic novelist draws attention to Hollywood’s negative stereotypes, prejudices and injustices in relation to the representation of an Arab actress in Hollywood cinema. In being thus represented, Mazna is exploited and humiliated when she is forced to perform in naïve and trivial scenes in American movies. Alyan explores Mazna’s diasporic journey as an exterior space over which political, religious and cultural dilemmas conglomerate. Consequently, Alyan opens up spaces based upon cross-cultural tolerance, acceptance, living with difference and valuing religious and cultural diversity.

Optimized 2D ground area coverage through unmanned aerial vehicle using metaheuristic approach

2D ground area coverage is essential for various applications like rescue operation, ground target detection, agricultural inspection, etc. In order to successfully implement the above-mentioned applications, researchers have used unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for the ground area coverage. UAVs equipped with visual sensors are extensively used in various coverage applications. The performance of the coverage applications is dependent on maximum target area inspection, which leads to an optimization problem. For any optimization problem, researchers have used various metaheuristic approaches. For the proposed work, authors have considered the maximization of a 2D target area coverage using a single UAV system through the optimization approaches as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA). The effectiveness of the proposed work is measured by the proportion of both interior and exterior space that is covered.

RESEARCH ON SPATIAL LAYOUT AND EXTERIOR SPACE COMPOSITION OF REAL ESTATE SALES CENTER

The purpose of this study is to capture the spatial representation and techniques of modern Chinese commercial housing by investigating the development of modern Chinese commercial housing and the sales center, a special architectural space type born under the unique cultural and social background. Based on the investigation and classification of the exterior space composition characteristics of the sales center, such as spatial layout, boundary space and approach, 11 exterior space composition types and diversified spatial character characteristics are obtained, and the spatial representation technique characteristics of modern commercial housing and urban mainstream residential space in China are clarified.