Exterior Paint Research Articles

Valspar Corp.

AbstractChemicals (MIC: 11.1 SIC: 2851 NAIC: 325510)Valspar is a global manufacturer and distributor of a portfolio of coatings, paints and related products. Co. operates through two segments: Coatings, whose products include a range of decorative and protective coatings for metal, wood, plastic and glass, as well as coatings for the interior and exterior of metal packaging containers, primarily food containers and beverage cans; and Paints, which provides a portfolio of interior and exterior paints, stains, primers, varnishes, high performance floor paints and specialty decorative products, as well as automotive refinish paints. Co. also makes and sells specialty polymers, colorants and gelcoats, and sells furniture protection plans.

Valspar Corp.

AbstractChemicals (MIC: 11.1 SIC: 2851 NAIC: 325510)Valspar is a global manufacturer and distributor of a portfolio of coatings, paints and related products. Co. operates through two segments: Coatings, whose products include a range of decorative and protective coatings for metal, wood, plastic and glass, as well as coatings for the interior and exterior of metal packaging containers, primarily food containers and beverage cans; and Paints, which provides a portfolio of interior and exterior paints, stains, primers, varnishes, high performance floor paints and specialty decorative products, as well as automotive refinish paints. Co. also makes and sells specialty polymers, colorants and gelcoats, and sells furniture protection plans.

Development of recyclable self-reinforced polypropylene parts for automotive applications

Self-Reinforced Polypropylene (SRPP) offers competitive mechanical properties, higher recyclability and reduced weight compared to glass fibre-reinforced PP, making it attractive to the automotive industry. The technologies required to produce finished automotive components from SRPP have been developed during a UK-based project, called RECYCLE and supported by the UK government. Forming processes and associated tooling systems have been developed based on matched tool stamping. Suitable joining techniques have been identified, including adhesive bonding and welding and all-PP sandwich panels have been produced and tested. Automotive finishes, such as exterior paint and interior fabrics, have been applied successfully. The technology has been demonstrated in two automotive case studies an exterior panel for the Lotus Elise and an interior cover panel. Significant weight savings have been identified compared to current production parts and the technology has been shown to be sustainable from environmental, social and economic viewpoints.

Valspar Corp.

AbstractChemicals (MIC: 11.1 SIC: 2851 NAIC: 325510)Valspar is a global manufacturer and distributor of a portfolio of coatings, paints and related products. Co. operates through two segments: Coatings, whose products include a range of decorative and protective coatings for metal, wood, plastic and glass, as well as coatings for the interior and exterior of metal packaging containers, primarily food containers and beverage cans; and Paints, which offers a portfolio of interior and exterior paints, stains, primers, varnishes, high performance floor paints and specialty decorative products, as well as automotive refinish paints. Co. also makes and sells specialty polymers, colorants and gelcoats, and sells furniture protection plans.

外装塗料・仕上塗材の標準耐用年数に関する調査研究 その１ 調査の目的および塗料（コンクリートモルタル面）に関するアンケート結果

外装塗料・仕上塗材の標準耐用年数に関する調査研究 その１ 調査の目的および塗料（コンクリートモルタル面）に関するアンケート結果

Glossy topcoat exterior paint formulations using water-based polyurethane/acrylic hybrid binders

The development of glossy topcoat one-pot exterior paint formulations using water-based polyurethane/acrylates hybrid binders as well as the assessment of its properties through different conventional tests is discussed in this work. Polyurethane (PU) anionomer having 2-ethoxymethacrylate terminal groups was prepared following a prepolymer mixing process. This prepolymer was chain extended in aqueous solution and after addition of acrylic monomers radical polymerized. Paints were prepared using titanium dioxide as unique pigment. Panels coated with air-dried paints with three pigment to volume concentration (PVC) values were subjected to standardized tests including adhesion, flexibility, gloss and color determination. Accelerated weathering tests were carried out to evaluate changes in properties, especially gloss and color, of painted panels. Solvent-based acrylic and polyurethane paints were included as high gloss quality reference coatings. It was found that air-dried formulations based on hybrid polyurethane/acrylic with up to 50 wt.% of acrylic component, show a gloss as high as 70 and the relative gloss change after accelerated weathering test is lower than the pure solvent-based acrylic and polyurethane paints.

Unraveling the Mystery of Why There Was No Childhood Lead Poisoning

Despite widespread use of leaded paints, classic life-threatening lead poisoning in small children began to be diagnosed as such only in the 1914-30 period. The diagnosis became suddenly more common in the 1950s and 1960s, but only in some areas of the United States. Experts focused on interior leaded paints as the source of the poison. Archival study of cases from Cincinnati and material from Denver, along with reevaluation of the medical literature, suggests that the problem should be reframed in terms of localized accident, not an epidemic. Very likely clinicians' reports accurately reflected social and material reality. Housing patterns hitherto not fully explored or understood explain why diagnoses were or were not reported. Moreover, evidence suggests the hypothesis that exterior (not interior) paint applied to middle-class houses (not mansions) may account for most cases not traced to repainted furniture and windowsills.

Sustainable Development: Growing Green Communities

Vol. 113, No. 5 EnvironewsOpen AccessSustainable Development: Growing Green Communities Carol Potera Carol Potera Search for more papers by this author Published:1 May 2005https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.113-a300AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Advocates of green housing received a boost when the nonprofit Enterprise Foundation of Columbia, Maryland, announced that it plans to build 8,500 environmentally friendly, affordable homes through its Green Communities Initiative. Launched in September 2004, the Green Communities Initiative commits $550 million over five years to developers to construct housing units that promote health, conserve energy and natural resources, and are located near public transportation, jobs, social services, stores, and schools. The initiative is led by the Enterprise Foundation and the Natural Resources Defense Council, with the support of several other organizations.The Denny Park Apartments, being built in Seattle, Washington, are a shining example of what can be achieved through the Green Communities Initiative. The project—the first recipient of funding through the Green Communities Initiative—is being built by the Low Income Housing Institute (LIHI), which develops and manages affordable housing units in Seattle. The six-story building will provide 50 units ranging from studios to three-bedroom apartments. The first tenants plan to move in by December 2005. Ten units will be reserved as transitional housing for homeless families.The apartment building features numerous energy-saving features. It is located along an east–west axis to allow the units to capture more natural light through their oversized windows, reducing electricity bills. A central gas boiler will supply hot water and heat to all the units. “Gas is more efficient and less expensive than electricity in Seattle,” says architect Brian Sweeney, manager of development for LIHI. Moreover, hot-water heat makes people feel warmer at lower room temperatures than electric heat, according to Sweeney—people feel as warm at 65°F with hot-water heat as they do with drier electric heat set at 69–70°F. Ventilation fans will run continuously to reduce humidity and mold growth, a problem in Seattle’s moist climate.The building is being constructed with sustainable building materials such as metal roofing and metal siding, which should last 50 years. These durable materials eliminate petroleum-based products such as traditional asphalt roofing shingles and oil-based exterior paint, which—in addition to their nonsustainable provenance—must be replaced every 10 years or so. The project is using caulks, paints, adhesives, and other construction materials with low levels of volatile organic compounds to ensure healthy indoor air. Carpets are made from recycled plastic products. Rainwater will be captured off the metal roof, purified by gravel filtration, and recycled to irrigate the landscaping, including a communal garden for the tenants.Although green buildings currently can cost about 2% more to construct, the self-evident long-term energy and health benefits are passed on to tenants. “The things considered ‘green’ today are going to be part of any building project in the next ten to fifteen years,” predicts Sweeney.Dana Bourland, senior program director at the Enterprise Foundation, says the foundation has received about 50 letters of inquiry from public housing administrators across the United States. Eight grants have been awarded for other projects in the Bronx, Boston, Chicago, and other cities, which are in various stages of development. The housing projects can consist of multi-family or single-family structures, but individuals cannot apply to build just one home. Most of the applicants are public housing offices and nonprofit groups seeking to improve their communities.What distinguishes the Green Communities Initiative from other green housing programs? “We’re not interested in just one aspect like energy efficiency,” says Bourland. Each project has to meet “certain levels of greenness,” she says. Her group’s criteria include meeting standards for water conservation, healthy indoor air, use of environmentally friendly materials, good operations and management (for example, making sure gutters that collect rainwater for irrigation are kept free of leaves), and optimal location (for example, projects located within a quarter-mile of public transportation earn extra points toward meeting funding criteria). “Our goal is to transform the marketplace and shift the way we build to achieve health, environmental, and economic benefits in communities,” says Bourland.Sustainable Development FeaturesFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 113, No. 5 May 2005Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 May 2005Published in print1 May 2005 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.

California Paints exterior paint gets top ranking by Consumer magazine

California Paints exterior paint gets top ranking by Consumer magazine

Lead poisoning among young children in Russia: concurrent evaluation of childhood lead exposure in Ekaterinburg, Krasnouralsk, and Volgograd.

The Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission encouraged a binational collaboration to evaluate pediatric lead poisoning in Russia. The study evaluated children in three Russian cities: Krasnouralsk, a small city with minimal traffic centered around a copper smelter; and Ekaterinburg and Volgograd, both of which are large cities with multiple factories and heavy vehicular traffic. This project was the first international use of portable blood lead analysis instruments. In each city, at least 90% of children attending selected neighborhood kindergartens participated. We selected kindergartens on the basis of their proximity to industrial areas and major traffic corridors. We obtained capillary blood samples and analyzed for lead content and hemoglobin (Hgb) levels in the field, and collected environmental samples (i.e., indoor dust, tap water, play area soil, and interior and exterior paint) and analyzed for each participating school and in the homes of about 10% of the children who had elevated blood lead levels (BLLs; greater than or equal to 10 microg/dL). We calculated all age-, sex-, and city-specific geometric means using generalized estimating equations to account for covariance within kindergartens, and used multivariate logistic regression models to identify variables predictive of elevated BLLs. Overall, 23% of study children had elevated BLLs and 2% were anemic, defined as Hgb < 11 g/dL. Krasnouralsk had the highest geometric mean BLL (10.7 microg/dL), the highest percentage of children (60%) with elevated BLLs, and the highest percentage of anemic children (4%). All soil samples in Krasnouralsk had detectable lead levels. Volgograd was the only city that had paint samples with elevated lead levels. We found apparent city-specific differences in the percentages of children with elevated BLLs. Lead-contaminated soil and dust, which can result from lead-based automotive fuel and from lead-related industrial emissions, appear to be the most important routes of lead exposure of those evaluated in this study. Elevated lead levels found in paint samples from Volgograd may indicate old undercoats of lead-based paint that could represent a regionally rather than nationally important source of exposure.

The Lead Project. An Environmental Instrumental Analysis Case Study

We describe an environmental instrumental analysis course that combines classroom lectures illustrating important techniques and chemical principles with laboratory exercises allowing students to examine lead contamination in residential homes. The sampling and analytical determinations undertaken in this course are designed to determine the lead content of exterior paint, soil, and drinking water in older homes to examine the sources and extent of Pb contamination in suburban residential areas. Students are involved in the formulation of hypotheses, design of sampling strategies, collection of field samples, laboratory analysis of collected field samples, and the preparation of written and oral reports. Results of the analyses performed by students show that Pb contamination still persists despite the ban on lead in paint and gasoline enacted more than 20 years ago. In addition to learning fundamental principles of instrumental analysis, students gain a better understanding of the challenges of conducting and evaluating environmental analytical measurements.

Optimizing the exterior durability of new fluoropolymer coatings

The most demanding exterior paint applications typically require not only the coating gloss and color are maintained for 10 years or longer, but also the barrier properties are maintained during the same period. Service life prediction (SLP) theory looks at the microscopic antecedents of the failure modes which ultimately limit the service life of coatings. SLP theory can be used to help identify key material requirements for the coating, such as the photochemical stability of the paint binder, or its ability to maintain specific-tensile properties during outdoor exposure. New latex materials based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) copolymers offer the possibility of achieving these demanding performance requirements in air-dry paints, suitable as topcoats for architectural coatings on various substrates, and in industrial maintenance applications.

Iron deficiency associated with higher blood lead in children living in contaminated environments.

The evidence that iron deficiency increases lead child exposure is based primarily on animal data and limited human studies, and some of this evidence is contradictory. No studies of iron status and blood lead levels in children have accounted for environmental lead contamination and, therefore, the source of their exposure. Thus, no studies have directly determined whether iron deficiency modifies the relationship of environmental lead and blood lead. In this study, we compared blood lead levels of iron-deficient and iron-replete children living in low, medium, or highly contaminated environments. Measurements of lead in paint, soil, dust, and blood, age of housing, and iron status were collected from 319 children ages 1-5. We developed two lead exposure factors to summarize the correlated exposure variables: Factor 1 summarized all environmental measures, and Factor 2 was weighted for lead loading of house dust. The geometric mean blood lead level was 4.9 microg/dL; 14% exceeded 10 microg/dL. Many of the children were iron deficient (24% with ferritin < 12 ng/dL). Seventeen percent of soil leads exceeded 500 microg/g, and 23% and 63% of interior and exterior paint samples exceeded 5,000 microg/g. The unadjusted geometric mean blood lead level for iron-deficient children was higher by 1 microg/dL; this difference was greater (1.8 microg/dL) after excluding Asians. Blood lead levels were higher for iron-deficient children for each tertile of exposure as estimated by Factors 1 and 2 for non-Asian children. Elevated blood lead among iron-deficient children persisted after adjusting for potential confounders by multivariate regression; the largest difference in blood lead levels between iron-deficient and -replete children, approximately 3 microg/dL, was among those living in the most contaminated environments. Asian children had a paradoxical association of sufficient iron status and higher blood lead level, which warrants further investigation. Improving iron status, along with reducing exposures, may help reduce blood lead levels among most children, especially those living in the most contaminated environments.

Multiple Metal Contamination from House Paints: Consequences of Power Sanding and Paint Scraping in New Orleans

Power sanding exterior paint is a common practice during repainting of old houses in New Orleans, Louisiana, that triggers lead poisoning and releases more than Pb. In this study we quantified the Pb, zinc, cadmium, manganese, nickel, copper, cobalt, chromium, and vanadium in exterior paint samples collected from New Orleans homes (n = 31). We used interior dust wipes to compare two exterior house-painting projects. House 1 was measured in response to the plight of a family after a paint contractor power sanded all exterior paint from the weatherboards. The Pb content (approximately 130,000 microg Pb/g) was first realized when the family pet died; the children were hospitalized, the family was displaced, and cleanup costs were high. To determine the quantity of dust generated by power sanding and the benefits of reducing Pb-contaminated dust, we tested a case study house (house 2) for Pb (approximately 90,000 microg/g) before the project was started; the house was then dry scraped and the paint chips were collected. Although the hazards of Pb-based paints are well known, there are other problems as well, because other toxic metals exist in old paints. If house 2 had been power sanded to bare wood like house 1, the repainting project would have released as dust about 7.4 kg Pb, 3.5 kg Zn, 9.7 g Cd, 14.8 g Cu, 8.8 g Mn, 1.5 g Ni, 5.4 g Co, 2.4 g Cr, and 0.3 g V. The total tolerable daily intake (TTDI) for a child under 6 years of age is 6 microg Pb from all sources. Converting 7.4 kg Pb to this scale is vexing--more than 1 billion (10(9)) times the TTDI. Also for perspective, the one-time release of 7.4 x 10(9) microg of Pb dust from sanding compares to 50 x 10(9) microg of Pb dust emitted annually per 0.1 mile (0.16 km) from street traffic during the peak use of leaded gasoline. In this paper, we broaden the discussion to include an array of metals in paint and underscore the need and possibilities for curtailing the release of metal dust.

Increased cytogenetic damage in outdoor painters

Painters are exposed to an extensive variety of hazardous substances such as organic solvents, lead-containing pigments and residual plastic monomers. In this particular case, workers used commercially available exterior paints and occasionally gasoline or thinner as solvents. The application or removal of paints was performed without protection (masks or gloves). To determine occupational exposure risk, a monitoring study was designed. Group selection was made after a questionnaire administration, which included questions about lifestyle and medical history to exclude exposure to other potential sources of genotoxics. Smoking and drinking habits were also considered. Blood and buccal cell samples were obtained from 25 public building male painters and from a similar number of age- and gender-matched controls. Lead levels were measured in paint samples and in individuals' blood. Organic solvents and/or its metabolites were also determined in blood. Chromosomal aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were determined in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. Also, the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in buccal cells was investigated. Painters had higher lead levels in blood ( p<0.05); CA and SCE in lymphocytes and MN in epithelial cells were also elevated ( p<0.05). Cytogenetic damage was significantly associated with occupational exposure time but not with the levels of lead found in blood.

Acrylate grafted dehydrated castor oil alkyd—A binder for exterior paints

To meet the requirement of improved durability of alkyd resin for use in weatherwork paint for superstructure of ships, an attempt has been made to chemically modify a castor oil alkyd by graft copolymerization with methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate in view of their ability to provide polymers with good exterior durability. Characterization of the experimental resins, in respect to physical properties, was carried out using instruments such as a vapor pressure osmometer, rotational viscometer, universal tensile testing instrument (Instron 1123), and differential scanning calorimeter. Performance of the resins was evaluated using a fluorescent UV accelerated weatherometer and multi-head glossmeter. The results reveal substantial improvement in drying and weather resistance properties of castor oil alkyd on graft copolymerization with both methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate. The improvement in these properties is marginally superior in the case of MMA grafted alkyds. MMA modification also enhances the mechanical properties of the grafted castor oil alkyd.

Novel wet adhesion monomers for use in latex paints

Coating failure through loss of adhesion is a common occurrence with latex paints especially when applied to previously painted alkyd surfaces. Wet adhesion promoters are used by the industry to overcome these deficiencies. This paper provides an overview of the technical effort at Cytec which has led to the discovery of a series of new wet adhesion monomers. Three such monomers have been under active development. At least one of these is expected to be available in developmental quantities later this year. These monomers are targeted at improving the wet adhesion performance of exterior and interior latex paints which are frequently exposed to moisture due to rain and/or high humidity. They have been incorporated into latex polymers which, when formulated into exterior latex paints, show excellent wet adhesion properties. Wet scrub test results on aged alkyd coated Laneta panels are discussed, along with comparative data on a currently available monomer.

航空宇宙工業における表面技術 航空機の新機体外装塗装システム

航空宇宙工業における表面技術 航空機の新機体外装塗装システム

寒冷地の外断熱工法コンクリートの乾燥による壁体透湿性状

The aim of this investigation was to study the vapour permeability of the out- side insulation wall in cold district. First, we examined the vapour permeability of insulations, exterior materials and paints at low temperature. Second, we examine the vapour permeability of the outside insulation wall by drying the concrete wall under experimental conditions. From the result of this investigation, we understood the vapour permeability of the outside insulation wall. The drying of concrete is mainly dependent on the insulation resistance of vapour permeability and outside temperature. The amount of humidity in the exterior materials was mainly dependent on the resistance of vapour permeability of exterior materials and paints. It was considered that the damage of paints related to the condition of painting at the site.

Lead Levels in the Household Environment of Children in 3 High-Risk Communities in California

To assess environmental lead contamination in the household environment of children in high-risk areas of California, three urban locations were surveyed by the California Department of Health Services. Plant, soil, and dust lead levels were measured and a questionnaire was administered. This survey estimates that 3 million homes in California (27%) may have exterior paint lead levels greater than or equal to 5000 ppm, and 1.3 million homes (12%) may have interior paint lead levels greater than or equal to 5000 ppm. The highest concentrations of lead in paint were found on exterior surfaces and, for homes built between 1920 and 1959, on trim. Age of housing was the best predictor of lead in soil and dust; homes built before 1920 were 10 times more likely to have soil lead levels greater than or equal to 500 ppm compared to post-1950 homes. Most of the variability in dust lead levels could not be explained by factors measured in this survey. Sources of lead in the home were more highly correlated with lead dust concentration levels than they were with lead dust loading levels. Households with members reporting a lead job were twice as likely to have high dust lead levels compared to households with no one reporting a lead job. The significant differences in dust lead concentration levels between communities were not reflected in differences in dust lead loading levels. Measuring dust lead loading levels does not appear to be a meaningful sampling method for risk assessment in the context of prioritizing abatement.