Exterior Appearance Research Articles

전처리 근채류의 저장과정중의 품질평가

During the peeling, cutting, and shredding of wild root vegetables, the surface is exposed to air. This results in a rapid deterioration in quality and an increase in the potential of contamination by microorganisms, both of which reduce the shelf-life of wild root vegetables in retail markets. Thus, in this study, the effects of various washing treatments on the quality of wild root vegetables, including lotus root, burdock root, and bellflower root, were investigated at 10 and . Lotus root, burdock root and bellflower root were washed with 0.2% acetic acid (AA), 0.2% citric acid (CA), 500 ppm acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), and tap water (TW), which was used as a control, and stored at and . The changes in total plate counts, coliform groups, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, color, pH, and exterior appearance of the samples were then evaluated. The pH and initial microbial contamination levels were reduced when the root vegetables were washed with AA, CA, and ASC. In particular, initial population levels of total plate counts and coliform groups were not detected in lotus root and burdock root that had been washed with ASC and their growth was significantly (p when compared to the control (TW). In addition, the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities of the root vegetables washed with AA, CA and ASC were lower than that of root vegetables washed with TW. ASC was determined to be the most effective treatment for preventing microbial growth, tissue softening, and the development of browning and an unpleasant smell. At , the overall qualities of the wild root vegetables were maintained longer when compared to .

Investigation of interior post-insulated masonry walls with wooden beam ends

The preponderant number of multistorey buildings constructed in Denmark in the period between 1850 and 1930 were built with masonry walls incorporating wooden floor beams. Given the nature of this construction, it is supposed that significant energy savings could be achieved by simply insulating the facades of such buildings. To maintain the exterior appearance of the facade, the only possible means of installing the required insulation is placing it on the interior of the wall. However, the installation of insulation on the interior of the wall assembly reduces the overall drying potential of the wall, and this in turn may lead to increased freeze–thaw damages and moisture problems at the beam ends embedded in the masonry, when the masonry facade is subjected to driving rain. This article presents a method to investigate retrofit measures of interior-insulated masonry walls having wooden floor beams based on a failure mode and effect analysis combined with hygrothermal simulations. The method was first used to determine the potential for failure in retrofitted walls and their effects and causes, and thereafter, the expected hygrothermal performance of the retrofit measures was further investigated using both thermal and hygrothermal simulation software. The results show that the risk to incurring moisture problems at the wooden beam ends can be resolved by not insulating that portion of the wall directly above and below the floor division. Additionally, this proposed retrofit measure would reduce the heat loss of the original wall structure by half.

Shamed Guiltless:

Shamed Guiltless:

VARIABILITY IN WAXING-INDUCED ETHANOL AND AROMA VOLATILE PRODUCTION AMONG MANDARIN GENOTYPES

VARIABILITY IN WAXING-INDUCED ETHANOL AND AROMA VOLATILE PRODUCTION AMONG MANDARIN GENOTYPES

Experiments on energy and environmental performance of buildings with corresponding and converged envelopes and glazing systems

Recently, high-rise buildings have been mixed in with commercial premises. Most of these buildings have curtain walls as their envelopes. Curtain walls are being adopted widely in high-rise buildings because of their good exterior appearance. But they have some problems such as increased heating and cooling energy consumption. Environmental issues caused by energy consumption, mean methods to save cooling and heating energy are urgently needed. Additionally, there needs to be a reform for energy performance of building exteriors that includes windows which are the cause of most of the energy loss. So far, development of technology to reduce building energy has been concentrated on each individual element. However, for promoting the practical use and commercialisation of element technologies in the part of building energy efficiency it is needed to make high integrity on buildings not only through convergence and integration among element technologies but also though convergence and integration among conve...

Low/distortion on exterior surface of auto body and its correction method

Surface low/distortion is one of the most challenging surface deflections that have a great effect on the exterior appearance of automobiles. Most studies on surface distortion/deflection have focused on evaluation and visualization techniques, the research work on correction or prevention of surface low/distortion is limited, and there is no perfect surface low/distortion corrective method that can satisfy the needs of the engineering. A B-spline based geometry morphing algorithm is proposed and then a new program based on UG-NX platform is developed to modify the die face in the surface low/distortion areas. To verify this developed system, the experimental dies that can replicate the surface low/distortion phenomenon successfully is put to use. Five geometric variables are introduced to describe the basic geometry of typical depression features of automotive outer panels. The experimental dies are then designed to reflect various combinations of these geometric parameters. The stamping experiments are conducted on cold rolled grade 5(CR5) sheet steel and various static measurements, such as oil-stoning, laser scanner, etc, are performed to measure and record the surface low/distortions. Three approaches including good bearing, holds in blank and die face morphing that aim to correct low/distortions are tried out and surface low/distortions are observed in the specimen with reverse draw depth of 10 mm. The measurement results show that die morphing is a practical and effective method to correct the surface low/distortion. The correction method proposed can be used to minimize the occurrence of surface low/distortion in die manufacturing, which has certain reference significance to the correction of surface low/distortion.

THE MYTHE NOVEL PLAGUE OF ALBERT CAMUS, ITS INSPIRATION SOURCES AND ITS EVOCATIVE SYMBOLS

In different periods, some writers made new comments on the antique classics mhytes by readapting them in accordance with the their period. In the XVIIth the french classic playwriters such as Pierre Corneille and Jean Racine took up again the antique myths treated by the antique writers. These playwriters readapted the antique myths in their works according to the conception of their period. In the XXth the french writers such as Jean Giraudoux, Andre Gide, Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus interpreted again the antique mythes in their works by making evocations to the events occured in their epoch. Treating and displaying the antique mythes in the theater works is a well known fact, but it is an uncommon fact in the novels. The russian novelist Dostoievsky, the czeche Franz Kafka, the american novelists Herman Melville and William Faulkner interpreted again some mythes under different aspects in their novels. This style of myth roman caused that the american critic Stock asked the following question: Is it possible to reconcile the symbolism and the naturalism, what is the principal and formal problem? The myth roman gives answer to the question : Do the realism and naturalism giving importance the exterior appearance of the matter and things and the symbolism giving importance to the the invisible aspect of the matter and things come together in the same plane? The novel of Albert Camus, The Plague (La Peste) containing both realist –naturalist and symbolist elements constitutes an typical exemple of this myth roman. In this novel, Camus relates how the epidemic disease pestilence not occured in reality according to the historical documents, but fabricated fictively by the writer, besieges the algerian city Oran and causes a chaotic situation to the inhabitants as the enemy army did, in a given date, this is to say, in1940’s and a given space. This pestilence event as epidemic disease evokes symbolically the occupation of France by the german nazi army, the badness problem of the humanity, the human metaphysical solitude in the universe, generally the wars and massacres which occurred in the history or which would be able to occur in the futur. In The Plague Albert Camus used the epidemic disease for multi purposes. This myth novel has evocative symboles. By composing his myth novel The Plague Camus has been influenced from The Theater and The Plague (le Theatre et la Peste), Antoine Artaud’s works. Artaud establishes the resemblance between the theater and the pestilence. Antoine Artaud says that the play displayed on scene like the pestilence case brings the goodness rather than the badness because showing the play on scene before the spectators causes to reveal the human characters , drop masks and exhibit the hypocrisy, vileness, lying, lowness, indolence of the human being. He shows that the characters with sublim sprite are clearly distiguished from the characters with low and vicious sprite in the theater scene. The characters with sublim sprite struggle heroically against their bad destiny by discovering their secret aptitudes. Another inspiration source influencing Camus to write The Plague (La Peste) is Moby Dick , Herman Melville’s work. Moby Dick is a myth novel symbolising the struggle against the badness in the universe. Camus describes the legendary and enthusiasming struggle of the inhabitants in Oran against the epidemic desease as Herman Melville exhibited the legendary struggle of the monomaniac captain Ahab against the whale breaking off his leg. The fact that Camus presents symbollically the epidemic desease pestilence has a value surrounding the past, the present and the futur in a spatio-temporal dimension. This pestilence symbole evokes especially the occupation of France and the western Europe by the german nazi army, generally all totalitarian and imperialist ocuupations. It also symbolises the tortures and massacres of french army in Algeria where Camus was born, during the Algeria Independence War. Another symbolic meaning of The Plague is to express the metaphysical solitude and the suffering of the human being in the universe. The communication interrruption of the algerian city Oran with the world during the pestilence contamination symbolises the closed world of the absurde. Camus being influenced from the existentialist philosophy of the danish philosopher Kierkegaard and the german philosopher Heidegger, enlarged the exxperience of failure in his absurde conception. The metaphysical solitude of the human being in the universe causes a psychological boredom. The human being becoming conscious of this psychological boredom arrives to the existence secret by revolting against the badness. In conclusion, Camus showed his absurde-revolte philosophy by the figure of the epidemic disease in his novel The Plague.

Research and Practice of Personnel Training Scheme for High Vocational Industrial Design Professionals (Engineering Subjects)

Personnel training of higher vocational industrial design for engineering class will be positioned on designing both the product exterior appearance and the interior structure. Moreover, with the method of computer-aided design and modeling, product design process from design ideas to the real product was completed for training highly skilled application-oriented talents. The designing idea of personnel training scheme is first to identify positions and tasks set by the positions, then to study the required knowledge set by the tasks, and ultimately to make specific teaching content scheme. Curriculum planning adopted the enterprise project mode could realize zero distance links with enterprise.

The Influence of Glass Types on the Performance of Air-Conditioned Office Buildings in Australia

Windows are one of the most significant elements in the design of buildings. Whether there are small punched openings in the facade or a completely glazed curtain wall, windows are usually a dominant feature of the building's exterior appearance. From the energy use perspective, windows may also be regarded as thermal holes for a building. Therefore, window design and selection must take both aesthetics and serviceability into consideration. In this paper, using building computer simulation techniques, the effects of glass types on the thermal and energy performance of a sample air-conditioned office building in Australia are studied. It is found that a glass type with lower shading coefficient will have a lower building cooling load and total energy use. Through the comparison of results between current and future weather scenarios, it is identified that the pattern found from the current weather scenario would also exist in the future weather scenario, although the scale of change would become smaller. The possible implication of glazing selection in face of global warming is also examined. It is found that compared with its influence on building thermal performance, its influence on the building energy use is relatively small or insignificant.

The Pull Factors of Intra-Urban Residential Mobility in Calabar, Nigeria

The paper takes a critical look at the push factors of intra-urban residential mobility in Calabar. Push factors are defined as those which operate to induce or encourage households to change their residence in the city. The paper notes that changing of residence by urban households in Western cities is a common experience. But in cities of the developing countries, it is rare because of severe handicap imposed by limited stock of housing. Twelve push factors were identified as being very crucial in the analysis. They include dislike for housing occupied, dislike for type of people in the neighbourhood, family composition, eviction notice, house rent, etc. The objective of the paper was to establish the relative importance of these twelve factors and find their underlying dimensions. Data were extracted from a questionnaire survey of 874 random sample of urban households in Calabar, in which 471 households were seen to have moved at least, once. The data were subjected to Principal Component Analysis. Five components were extracted; force or eviction, neighbours, house-type, exterior appearance of dwelling, and family composition. The paper concludes that public agencies must take into consideration these maladies in the urban housing market.

Shell model representation as a substitute of LoD3 for 3D modeling in CityGML

The OGC standard for 3D city modeling is widely used in an increasing number of applications. It defines five consecutive Levels of Detail (LoD0 to LoD4 with increasing accuracy and structural complexity), in which LoD3 includes all exterior appearances and geometrical details and subsequently requires much storage space. A new LoD is introduced as shell model with the exterior shell of the LoD3 model and the opening objects like windows, doors as well as smaller façade objects are projected onto walls. In this paper, a user survey is presented. The results of this survey show that the shell model can give users almost the same visual impression as the LoD3 model. Furthermroe, algorithms are developed to extract the shell model from LoD3 model. Experiments show that this shell model can reduce up to 90% storage of the original LoD3 model. Therefore, on one hand it can be used as a substitute for a LoD3 model for the visualization on small displays. On the other hand, it can be treated as a sub-level of detail (SLoD3) in CityGML, since it retains almost the same amount of information but requires much less storage space.

Improving an Electrostatic Powder Coating Process via Signal to Noise Response Surface

Problem statement: In a coating process, the master plate referenced brightness or color shade was critical to the exterior appearance on aluminum alloy wheels. The quality measures of interest are the metallic paint thickness values on four areas. Because of these lower quality levels, the manufacturer has spent more on the cost of restudy or scrap as well as the longer production time. Approach: An expert system revealed seven process variables affecting those quality characteristics. Taguchi signal to noise ratio or SN of paint thickness values on the outboard spoke area was determined as a process response whereas SN on the remaining areas of window outboard, window between spoke and inboard spoke became merely process constraints. A constrained response surface optimization method and a modified complex method were performed to move the current operating condition towards the optimum. Results: The new settings improved the paint thickness values in terms of both the average and the standard deviation on all critical areas except the window between spoke. Conclusion: As expected, the implementation brings the reduction of the metallic paint consumption and the mismatch level of color shade.

The Law of Yards

Property law regimes have a significant impact on the ability of individuals to engage in freedom of expression. Some property rules advance freedom of expression, and other rules retard freedom of expression. This Article examines the inhibiting effects on expression of public land use regulations. The focus is on two types of aesthetic regulations: (1) landscape regulations, including weed ordinances, that regulate yards; and (2) architectural regulations that regulate the exterior appearance of houses. Such regulations sometimes go too far in curtailing a homeowner's freedom of expression. Property owners' expressive conduct should be recognized as “symbolic speech” under the First Amendment. The Supreme Court developed the symbolic speech doctrine in contexts other than land use, but the rationale for the doctrine supports its extension to aesthetically based land use regulations. The clearest case of protected speech is a homeowner's conduct that conveys a political message, such as a yard display that protests a decision made by a local government. Other conduct, however, that is nonpolitical in nature can convey a particularized message, and thus can merit First Amendment protection. Examples are a homeowner's decision to plant natural landscaping, motivated by ecological concerns, or to install a nativity scene at Christmas. A regulation that restricts an owner's protected speech is unconstitutional unless the government proves both that the regulation is narrowly tailored and that it protects a substantial public interest. If the public interest is solely based on the protection of aesthetic values, ordinarily it is not substantial enough to justify the restriction on speech. The government must come up with a plausible justification other than aesthetics to prevail. When the justification consists of an interest in addition to aesthetics, the balancing rules developed by the Supreme Court for symbolic speech should apply. If the regulation restricts expressive conduct, it may survive scrutiny only if it protects the community from conduct that causes significant economic or other non-aesthetic harm, while minimizing infringement on expression.

Profile Control Effect and Mechanism Analysis of Fly Ash

Fly ash is a coal-fired power plant waste. Its main chemical ingredient is aluminum silicate and its exterior appearance is mainly agraphitic glass phase sphere with loose structure and different size, characteristic of a wide source and low cost. In hydrothermal conditions, Holler and Wirsching took the lead to use fly ash and alkaline (NaOH or KOH) in the synthesis of zeolite. Aimed at actual demand of improving the absorption water profile of flooding well, in regards to the blockage of reservoir pore, the article explores the ingredient constitution and technological conditions for part transformation of fly ash into the zeolite under the conditions of hydrothermal condition. The chemical composition and the structural feature of the exterior appearance of the modified fly ash are studied, as are the blocking effect and profile control mechanism, all of which have important application value to improve the blocking effect and increasing oil recovery.

Lineamenti di un sistema di filosofia trascendentale d'ispirazione boliviana

This essay is a coherent and consistent system of transcendental philosophy, which portrays a reality, hidden by the veils of the exterior appearance, unknowable in the inner fundamental nature, lack of any meaning, where evil and good, moral and immoral are empty words without any possible content, hollow shells. A reality where the necessity rules everything, where the man is in the same level of any other manifestation of the Being and where the human freedom is only an illusion of the reason. But as the Bolivian poet, Jaime Saenz, says: A day of Darkness is worth more than thousand years of

Effects of Litter Substrate and Genotype on Layers' Use of Litter, Exterior Appearance, and Heterophil:Lymphocyte Ratios in Furnished Cages

Effects of sand versus sawdust as a litter bath substrate in furnished cages for laying hens were studied. The study used 112 Hy-Line White (HYW) and 140 Hy-Line Brown (HYB) layers housed in 18 furnished cages with 14 hens in each cage, generating 4 or 5 replicates per combination of genotype and litter substrate. Traits studied were mortality, feather cover, hygiene of hens, pecking wounds, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios, and hens' use of litter baths. Hens' litter bath use was measured by direct observations and by use of the passive integrated transponder technique. The latter technique allowed for recording of an individual hen's visits to litter baths during the 420-d study. There were no indications of differences between sand and sawdust as litter substrates in mortality rates, exterior appearance, or heterophil/lymphocyte ratios. Litter baths with sand or sawdust were occupied to the same extent but dustbathing behaviors were more frequently seen in baths with sawdust. Hens of both lines visited the litter bath to the same extent but HYB performed more dustbathing. There was large variation in the number of days that individual hens visited litter baths; in fact, 30% of the hens never entered litter baths, whereas some hens visited baths almost every day. The HYB hens had inferior feather cover compared with HYW, indicating that feather pecking occurred more frequently in cages with brown hens. The HYW hens had lower body weight, longer claws, and more comb wounds than HYB. In conclusion, sawdust seems to be an acceptable alternative to sand as a litter substrate in furnished cages.

Envelope Remediation—A Case Study in Support of an Over-Cladding Approach

Abstract This paper addresses a case study in which a contemporary, high-performance glass curtain wall and a composite metal panel cladding system were installed over an existing failed 1960s masonry wall with aluminum windows. In addition to consideration of the typical performance requirements for air and water infiltration and thermal insulation, the new wall systems were designed to meet glass shard retention requirements and to accommodate improvements to the structural frame required by the General Services Administration. These performance requirements were all met while creating a more inviting exterior appearance, improving the interior work environment, extending the building’s service life, and reducing energy consumption. Problems of the original design and construction, extent of previous remediation attempts, findings of the investigation of the existing building, and the development of remediation options are discussed to provide background to selection of the over-cladding approach for remediation. Opportunities and limitations posed by the existing building, LEED requirements, glass shard retention, construction strengthening, full and uninterrupted occupancy, as well as other challenges inherent in the over-cladding of an existing high-rise building on a tight urban site are identified and discussed, and positive results are identified.

Application of High Frequency Miniature Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

Pulse tube cryocoolers have important role in many fields.There are some problems yet to be solved for producing a pulse-tube cryocooler as a finished product instead of an experimental cooler.Research of product coolers based on an experimental cooler is introduced.The differences between product and experimental coolers are analyzed through analog computation.This can benefit further work.The product cooler made of stainless steel has fine exterior appearance and compact structure,but its cooling effect is slightly inferior to the experimental cooler due to the material and shape.The product cooler with copper-wall structure is superior to-the stainless steel one in performance and can satisfy the requirement of engineering project,but it is heavier.

Development of bumper and rocker systems

The ability to develop quality, cost effective, visually exciting and safety regulation compliant bumper and rocker trim systems is a crucial part of a successful vehicle exterior design and is a key factor in a vehicle’s exterior appearance

L'Ironie proustienne. La vision stereoscopique (review)

Reviewed by: L’Ironie proustienne. La vision stéréoscopique Michael R. Finn Duval, Sophie. L’Ironie proustienne. La vision stéréoscopique. Paris: Honoré Champion, 2004. Pp. 516. ISBN 2-7453-0963-3. This impressive volume, the third in Champion's series Recherches proustiennes, directed by Annick Bouillaguet and Brian Rogers, is a systematic attempt to analyze the various levels on which irony operates in A la recherche du temps perdu and how those levels interact "stereoscopically." Its thoroughness, wide-ranging bibliography (which pays attention to Anglo-Saxon as well as French criticism, both on irony in general and on Proustian irony and humour) and readability will make it a useful reference work for proustiens, upper-level undergraduates and graduate students. [End Page 436] The work is divided into four parts. The first examines the brands of irony, wit and humour employed by certain characters and by various groups in the novel (the dilettante, the "mondain", etc.) to maintain a distance between themselves and lesser beings. The analysis of the part sadism plays in the irony of characters like Charlus, Françoise and the Narrator is important: "le schéma de l'interaction ironique se superpose à celui de la cruauté proustienne et de son alliage de jouissance et de culpabilité" (34). The text also notes neatly that for the "célibataires de l'art" like Swann, it is wit and irony that serve as the simulacra of creativity. Terraced upon the characters' various ironies are the Narrator's ironic perspectives on them, and it is, in part, this superimposition that produces stereoscopic effects. The opening thesis of the second part, which deals with Proustian satire and its targets – doctors, the nobility, snobs, those in love – may be questioned by some. Duval contends that the fit between satire and the novel as genre is problematic because the former is a force for dislocation and anarchy; the adoption of this satirical bent would thus account for the heteroclite nature of Proust's work. Is it really logical, however, to argue that the vocation of the modern novel is to be linear and tailored? Still, her view rightly underlines the oft-repeated observation that the novel in Proust's hands floats between a number of genres. And yet, a chicken-and-egg question remains. Is the Argus-like effect of Proustian perspectivism the consequence of a choice about novelistic form? Cocteau interpreted the pauses and trips to the narrative periphery in A la recherche as an extension of Proust's character and his oral voice. Reading the text, Cocteau heard that voice as "un système d'écluses, de vestibules, de fatigues, de haltes, de politesses, de fous-rires." A point made forcefully in this section (158) is that Proust's attachment to theatre, rites, codes and ceremonies, especially related to the idea of death, allows him to "stage" satire to great effect. The section closes with a very satisfying re-opening of the debate about the various levels of the Proustian "I" in which Duval shows how the novel develops its normative values via the ironic interaction of two personae, the naïve hero and his indispensable complement, the Narrator: "le héros est à la fois la cible du narrateur et son apprenti" (271). If satire is seen as a force for disintegration in part two, irony – somewhat ironically – is presented as a crucial structuring tool in part three. The maieutic nature of A la recherche is embedded in the topos of its structure: the novel is an uninterrupted series of reversals of meaning out of which eventually surfaces the pleasure of recognition and knowledge, and the formation of laws. The irony of constant inversions thus effects a gradual realization of "truth" (237). Part four addresses the irony resident in the self-reflexivity of Proust's novel. Duval reminds us how most Proustian characters are "boîtes à malice," constructed around a gap between exterior appearance and inner meaning, and that the regularity of these "surprises" and the regularity of reversals of meaning in the plot, work against the mimetic effects of fiction (407). She points, in addition, to the implausible, anti-fiction effects of the self-directed irony surrounding the differentiation...