Extent Of Users Research Articles

A Second Life for Educators: A Hybrid Extended Reality Education Between Zuckerberg’s Vision and Educational Researchers’ Imaginary

While Extended Reality (XR) education is a contested future that consists of diverse discourses, Meta’s monopoly of XR technology leads to the misconception that Mark Zuckerberg’s vision will be the only future of Metaverse education. To address this discursive power imbalance, this paper draws on the Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse to analyze the interests and significance behind different discourses on XR education. In particular, through an exhaustive comparison between Zuckerberg’s vision for Metaverse education and educational researchers’ imaginary of XR education, I identify that the primary difference between these discourses is the extent of users’ digital autonomy. This difference unveils the two parties’ grasping motivations: whereas Zuckerberg uses his utopian vision to cover Meta’s recent economic crisis and to secure Meta’s power in the future education market, educational researchers employ their decentralized imaginary to maximize their degree of freedom to create in the future learning environment. Lastly, I argue that the two radical dreams should learn from one another about digital governance. Thus, a hybrid XR education is proposed.

Measuring Performance and Effectiveness of online E-exam system in the Computer Center at Mosul University

Recently, educational institutions have resorted to e-learning to train and educate students, especially those who have the desire to develop their scientific levels and develop their skills in quick and inexpensive ways. This paper focuses on measuring the performance of electronic exam systems, which is an important part of the e-learning process, especially the E-exam system used in the Mosul University computer center for examining people who aim to apply for postgraduate studies. The aim of this study is to measure the performance of the electronic examination system in the computer center at the University of Mosul. In this research, a questionnaire was made to measure the success of this system and the extent of users' satisfaction with it and its usefulness to them in performing their electronic exams. An online survey was conducted using a Google form and sent to the participants between August 21, 2021 and October 11, 2021 to find out the satisfaction of the system users. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to analyze the data and get the results. This study produced several results, the most important of which are: there was a high degree of satisfaction with the E-exam system, reaching 63%; the percentage of neutrality in it was 25%, while rejection was 12%. According to these results, the system gives high confidence to its users.

Make chatbots more adaptive: Dual pathways linking human-like cues and tailored response to trust in interactions with chatbots

As one of the most popular AI applications, chatbots are creating new ways and value for businesses to interact with their customers, and their adoption and continued use will depend on users’ trust. However, due to the non-transparent of AI-related technology and the ambiguity of application boundaries, it is difficult to determine which aspects enhance the adaptation of chatbots and how they interactively affect human trust. Based on the theory of task-technology fit, we developed a research model to investigate how two conversational cues of chatbots, human-like cues and tailored responses, influence human trust toward chatbots and to explore appropriate boundary conditions (individual characteristics and task characteristics) in interacting with chatbots. One survey and two experiments were performed to test the research model, and the results indicated that (1) perceived task solving competence and social presence mediate the pathway from conversational cues to human trust, which was validated in the context of e-commerce and education; (2) the extent of users’ ambiguity tolerance moderates the effects of two conversational cues on social presence; and (3) when performing high-creative tasks, the human-like chatbot induces higher perceived task solving competence. Our findings not only contribute to the AI trust-related literature but also provide practical implications for the development of chatbots and their assignment to individuals and tasks.

Short-cycle tertiary vet as a first step to an academic degree: a stackable credentials pathway in Israel

ABSTRACT As part of the efforts of higher education to reach additional audiences, this study deals with an alternative non-traditional pathway that leads to higher academic education. This alternative, the stackable credentials pathway, uses short-cycle tertiary VET as a way to an academic degree. The study describes the extent of users of the pathway in Israel and the characteristics of its population and compares them to traditional pathway students, who go into academic programmes directly after high school. Having found that the pathway is especially popular among those with high previous academic achievements who come from low social backgrounds, it seems that for entry to academia, it has increased equality and upholds the meritocratic principle. We argue that fear of failure motivates the high achievers of low social background in their academic attainment process. Given their limited resources, those from low social backgrounds adopt the stackable credentials strategy to reduce the risks associated with academic failure.

Correlation Between “Optimal User Experience” Achieved via Extent of User’s Private Data Being Shared

Smart Devices have become a fixture in consumers’ lives because of their ability to provide consumers with “Optimal User Experiences.” However, to provide an “optimal user experience,” consumers must give private data to the Smart Devices. The actual sharing of private data is not an issue in consumers’ minds, but the private data’s potential to be hacked is quite concerning. For example, a consumer’s Amazon Alexa Echo could be accessed remotely, and the consumer could be video streamed without their knowledge or consent. The study analyzes the correlations between consumer desire for “Optimal User Experiences” from their Smart Devices and their general perception of sharing their private information to achieve “OUX.” The study attempts to determine the foundational aspects of a wide variety of consumer opinions about their risk tolerance by sharing personal data and their desire for the “OUX” in relation to the Smart Devices they utilize regularly.

The Market Trajectory of a Radically New Product: E-Cigarettes

The study analyzes the diffusion of electronic cigarettes as an innovation, as well as how industry, society, and the individual affect its market dynamics. The study is based on five surveys conducted during the years 2017-2019, and including participants of all ages (age 12 to 80 and beyond). The article describes indicators for evaluating the sustainability of a really-new product like electronic cigarettes, following the market trajectory of this product as it sets its dominant design and shapes the use-system for the product type from now onward. This process has two phases: trial and adoption. The probability of each nicotine product type’s adoption is different, depending on the prevalence of trials of that product among the population. The results of e-cigarette trials and additional indicators reveal the point (critical mass-point) where social influence outweighs rational evaluation by the individual regarding nicotine products. By using triers’ prevalence as the indicator for measuring an entry of really-new product into the market, the authors could identify the sustainability of that really-new product at a much early phase. Therefore, the prevalence of triers can be used as a predictor for the diffusion rate of an innovative product in a certain population and should be measured. The authors also propose a regression model that estimates the prevalence of triers based on the extent of users in the population.

The relationship of personal innovativeness, quality of digital resources and generic usability with users’ satisfaction

PurposeIn addition to instrumental assumptions, behavioural researchers suggest the study of individual traits such as personal innovativeness (PI), users’ satisfaction and other theoretical beliefs for example quality and general usage patterns as the latent determinants of early and post-adoptions of technological innovations. In the context of Higher Education Commission digital library of Pakistan, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of PI, quality of digital resources and generic usability of digital libraries (DL) with users’ satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachTo guide the conceptual model of this study, five hypothesized relationships were formulated. Adopting a quantitative approach, snowball sampling techniques were used. A total of 464 users of DL enrolled in different programs of study in the universities of Pakistan participated and responded to the survey. For data analyses, partial least squares, a method in the structural equation modeling was used.FindingsAnalyses reveal positive and strong relationships of PI, quality of digital resources and generic usability of DL with users’ satisfaction. Thus, the findings of this study established personal traits as the significant determinants of intention to adopt DL.Research limitations/implicationsThe decision of effective adoption is manipulated by the extent of users’ willing (PI), level of satisfaction, the image of quality and users’ past experience with the use of related innovations. Thus, librarians in addition to the system features should also focus on individual characteristics and quality of resources that probably influence adequate adoption of DL.Originality/valueIn the Pakistani context, this study is the first attempt that examined the relationship of PI, the usability of DL and quality of digital resources with users’ satisfaction. Research model of this study can be used in future research. Also, this study extended the scope of theories of adoption towards DL.

The Role of Uncertainty, Awareness, and Trust in Visual Analytics.

Visual analytics supports humans in generating knowledge from large and often complex datasets. Evidence is collected, collated and cross-linked with our existing knowledge. In the process, a myriad of analytical and visualisation techniques are employed to generate a visual representation of the data. These often introduce their own uncertainties, in addition to the ones inherent in the data, and these propagated and compounded uncertainties can result in impaired decision making. The user's confidence or trust in the results depends on the extent of user's awareness of the underlying uncertainties generated on the system side. This paper unpacks the uncertainties that propagate through visual analytics systems, illustrates how human's perceptual and cognitive biases influence the user's awareness of such uncertainties, and how this affects the user's trust building. The knowledge generation model for visual analytics is used to provide a terminology and framework to discuss the consequences of these aspects in knowledge construction and though examples, machine uncertainty is compared to human trust measures with provenance. Furthermore, guidelines for the design of uncertainty-aware systems are presented that can aid the user in better decision making.

Verification and enforcement of access control policies

Access control mechanisms protect critical resources of systems from unauthorized access. In a policy-based management approach, administrators define user privileges as rules that determine the conditions and the extent of users' access rights. As rules become more complex, analytical skills are required to identify conflicts and interactions within the rules that comprise a system policy--especially when rules are stateful and depend on event histories. Without adequate tool support such an analysis is error-prone and expensive. In consequence, many policy specifications are inconsistent or conflicting that render the system insecure. The security of the system, however, does not only depend on the correct specification of the security policy, but in a large part also on the correct interpretation of those rules by the system's enforcement mechanism. In this paper, we show how policy rules can be formalized in Fusion Logic, a temporal logic for the specification of behavior of systems. A symbolic decision procedure for Fusion Logic based on Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) is provided and we introduce a novel technique for the construction of enforcement mechanisms of access control policy rules that uses a BDD encoded enforcement automaton based on input traces which reflect state changes in the system. We provide examples of verification of policy rules, such as absence of conflicts, and dynamic separation of duty and of the enforcement of policies using our prototype implementation (FLCheck) for which we detail the underlying theory.

Use of ICT Based Resources and Services Among PG Students, Research Scholars and Teachers of Arts and Science Colleges in Puducherry: A Study

The study indicates use of ICT based resources and services in Arts and Science College Libraries by the PG students, Research scholars and Teachers in Puducherry. A survey was carried out among the users, along with observation at the Arts and Science colleges in Puducherry. The study reveals that the awareness, purpose, frequency, adequacy and time spent and extent of user’s satisfaction with ICT based resources and services.

Easements. Extent of User. Order to Compel Closing of Gate

Easements. Extent of User. Order to Compel Closing of Gate