Extensive Travel Research Articles

Góry Kaukaz jako wrota Orientu. Motywy orientalne w twórczości Tadeusza Łady-Zabłockiego

THE CAUCASUS AS A GATE TO THE ORIENT. ORIENTAL MOTIFS IN TADEUSZ ŁADA-ZABŁOCKI'S OEUVREThe East, its culture and literature were always part of the rich, erudite poetic imagination of Tadeusz Łada-Zabłocki 1811–1847, a tsarist exile to the Caucasus. He spoke Oriental languages Georgian and Persian and had a thorough knowledge of the Koran, a short fragment of which he even translated probably from French. Although today we only have his poetry inspired by the Caucasian mountains, he was also no stranger to extensive travel accounts unfortunately, his Dziennik podróży mojej do Tyflisu i z Tyflisu po różnych krajach za Kaukazem Journal From My Journey To and From Tiflis Across Various Countries Beyond the Caucasus and notes from his Armenian expedition were lost. An important source of inspiration for Zabłocki, encouraging him to explore the East, were the Philomaths’ translations of Oriental poetry by Jan Wiernikowski and Aleksander Chodźko, while his model of reception of the Orient were the oeuvres of Mickiewicz primarily his Crimean and Odessa Sonnets, Byron and Thomas Moore especially the fragment of Lalla Rookh — Paradise and the Peri. The exile brutally brought Zabłocki into contact with the real Orient, terribly dangerous and diametrically different from the one described by Western travellers. It is, therefore, not surprising, that their superficial and simplified accounts were criticised by the Polish poet and soldier.Zabłocki’s oeuvre, both pre-exile and Caucasus period works, is full of various Oriental reminiscences: from the Biblical topos of the Paradise ab Oriente, through numerous splendid images of Caucasian nature, scenes from the life of Caucasian highlanders, poetic imitation of the metre of Caucasian folk dances, apt ethnographic observations in the verses, borrowings from Oriental languages, extraordinarily sensual eastern erotic poems, to translations of texts of Caucasian cultures Tatar, Azeri and Georgian songs. Zabłocki drew on both folk culture of Caucasian tribes, and on Eastern mythologies as well as universal culture of the Islamic world. He presents an ambivalent image of Caucasian highlanders in his poetry: sometimes they acquire traits of noble, free, valiant and indomitable individuals, typical of the Romantic idea of highlanders, on other occasions the label “Son of the East” becomes a synonym of Asian barbarity.Freed from the service in the tsarist army, Zabłocki planned travels across nearby Persia, Asia Minor, and even Arabia, Nubia and Palestine. However, the plans never became a reality, owing to a lack of funds and the poet’s early death of cholera.Zabłocki’s “Eastern” oeuvre fully reveals the “liminal”, demarcational nature of the Caucasian mountains, for centuries constituting the limes between Europe and Asia, the East and the West, a meeting place of the Christian and the Muslim Orients.]]>

Cosmopolitanism, colonial shopping, and the servant problem: nurse Ida E. Cliffe’s travels in wartime India

ABSTRACTIda E. Cliffe was posted in India as a nurse during the First World War. In a travel memoir published sixty years later, she captures her extensive travels across wartime colonial India. Her travel diary combines two distinct positions – that of the woman-coloniser recording her travel in the colonies, and that of the nurse in a war-zone. It focuses on the British coloniser’s home-life in India, the picturesque landscape of the country, the cosmopolitanism of its people, and its recent history. This article explores the problematic nuances in Cliffe’s celebration of colonial cosmopolitanism, her shopping for colonial artefacts and her appreciation of the picturesque embedded within the subtext of pride in British imperialism. It demonstrates not only the complexities in the figure of the female imperial traveller, but also the heteroglossia in the genre of women’s travel writing.

Measurement and Analysis of the Operations of Drayage Trucks in the Houston Area in Terms of Activities and Exhaust Emissions.

The effects of exhaust emissions on public welfare have prompted the US Environmental Protection Agency to take various actions toward understanding, modeling, and reducing air pollution from vehicles. This study was performed to better understand exhaust emissions of heavy-duty diesel-powered tractor-trailer trucks that operate in drayage service, which involves the moving of shipping containers to or from port terminals. The study involved the use of portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) to measure both gaseous and particulate matter (PM) mass emission rates and record various vehicle and engine parameters from the test trucks as they performed their normal drayage service. These measurements were supplemented with port terminal gate entry/exit logs for all drayage trucks entering the two Port of Houston Authority container terminals. The datasets were combined to analyze model year characteristics of drayage trucks over time, evaluate port visit frequencies and durations, assess geographic distributions of trucks that perform port service, and estimate the pollutant emissions related to drayage operations. When compared to certification results, measured pollutant emissions generally exceeded certification standards in terms of nitrogen oxides and PM, although this difference may be partly because these vehicles were not tested on certification cycles but rather actual in-use operation. The findings of this work indicate that less than 3.5 percent of gaseous drayage truck emissions are released during operation within port terminals, as drayage trucks operate at higher engine loads during their extensive travels throughout the region around the port.

Will ‘doing right’ lead to ‘doing well’? An examination of green behavior

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to identify the drivers of customer loyalty in the context of green marketing. In particular, the extended theory of reasoned action model specified here added crucial constructs in consumer behavior, namely, consumers’ trust and beliefs about corporate social responsibility, to increase the predictability of the model. Additionally, the moderating role of level of education in predicting customer loyalty to hotels was also examined.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methodology was used for the study. A structural mixed methodology was used for the study. A structural model was developed to understand the theoretical relationships between identified constructs. Additionally, multiple regression analyses were used to identify the moderating role of level of education in predicting consumer loyalty. Data collected through an online survey from 446 hotel guests were used for the analyses.FindingsThe results indicated that in addition to attitude and subjective norms, consumers’ trust in hotels’ intentions to be green influence their loyalty to green hotel enterprises. Further investigation also showed significant moderating influence of levels of education in their choice to be loyal to green hotels.Research limitations/implicationsEven though the majority of the study’s sample has extensive travel experience, the data were collected from university employees, which might have limited the findings of this study.Practical implicationsConsumers need to trust ethical claims in adopting green practices to become loyal customers. Hence, it is imperative for marketers to convey that their business believe in proenvironmental activities. Additionally, marketers should not neglect their level of education because it influences their loyalty to green hotels. Green marketing should target not only an individual customer but also his/her ties to significant others, because subjective norms influence customer loyalty to green hotels.Originality/valueThis research developed a comprehensive model to understand customer loyalty to green hotels, thus providing insights to marketers and academics about a timely subject, namely, green behavior. In doing so, this research added crucial constructs to extend the traditional model of theory of reasoned action as well as examined the moderating role of level of education in the identified model.

A Russian Philosopher’s European Adventures: Young Vladimir Solovyov in Italy (1875–1976)

This article discusses the varying circumstances of the extensive travels abroad in 1875–1876 of Russian philosopher Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov (1853–1900). The author devotes particular attention to Solovyov’s time spent in the Italian town of Sorrento near Naples, where, in the old Hotel Cocumella, Solovyov finished his treatise The Sophia (in French) that he had begun in Egypt, a treatise in which he outlined the earliest contours of his great philosophical system. Using a wealth of documentary materials, the author examines events associated with Solovyov’s stay in Sorrento, and later in Florence, Venice, and Genoa.

The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters: Arabic Knowledge Construction

The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters: Arabic Knowledge Construction

Abramović – Ulay 1980–1988: Desert Storm Survivors

The twelve-year collaborative practice of Marina Abramovic and Ulay (Franck Uwe Laysiepen), started with extreme, rapturous and unflinching explorations of capacities of the body in their early performances (a phase they called The Warriors), that corresponded to the fury of the 1970s. In an environment hostile to the living, phenomenological body (in arts, in theoretical discourse) of the 1980s, the two artists recalibrated their living and artistic strategy. During their extensive journeys into distant lands (deserts of Asia, Africa, Australia), they were introduced to and embraced the practices of Eastern meditation techniques, which secured and procured their escape from the limitations of their own culture and their relationship. They also significantly influenced and modified forms and functions of their joint performances. The refined simplicity and stillness of the form of their many-times (re)enacted performance Nightsea Crossing focussed and spurred their inner forces towards self-perfection and the unfolding of more sophisticated lines of connection with the outside, with otherness. The legacy of this performance has affected the direction and function of their later, individual careers.

The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldt’s New World by Andrea Wulf

Reviewed by: The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldt’s New World by Andrea Wulf Karl S. Zimmerer Andrea Wulf The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldt’s New World New York: Vintage Books, 2016. 552 pp. Maps, notes, and index. $17.00 paper (ISBN 978-0-345-80629-1), $12.99 electronic (ISBN 978-0-385-35067-9). Alexander von humboldt (1769–1859) is a hero the world needs amidst worsening global environmental deterioration and societal challenges (pp. 396–398), an argument that unfolds elegantly in this well-written and intelligently researched book. The author, Andrea Wulf, a design historian and accomplished writer, fuses her [End Page 278] own research and existing ideas to create a grand narrative of Humboldt’s vision and its legacy that is timely and compelling. To do so, Wulf expertly recounts a lively geographic history, from Humboldt’s childhood and family life to early career and formative influences (chapters 1–3), renowned travel and observations in the Americas (chapters 4–8), activities while residing and traveling in and among the leading European capitals and Britain, including his later professional life and expedition to Russia and Siberia at age 60 (chapters 9–19), and extraordinary legacy (chapters 20–24). This book will surely stimulate interest. Wulf’s The Invention of Nature draws on her extensive reading of Humboldt’s immense book publications and unpublished letters. It deftly fuses many of the main insights of both academics and popular writers who have contributed to a recent, substantial growth in the secondary literature on Humboldt (in this review, I refer to only a few of these works that offer potentially fertile dialogue for the future, some of which are already embedded in The Invention of Nature). The Invention of Nature’s central theme is Humboldt’s vision of the environment as holistic and unifying, principally through the global-scale influences of climate on the distributions of organisms and, also, the recognition of deleterious human impacts on the environment (Glacken 1967; Jackson 2009). Central also are Humboldt’s remarkable travels and networks in Europe and Britain, the Americas, and Asia, including his abundant environmental measurements and textual observations that incorporated an affective and aesthetic dimension (Walls 2009). Humboldt published prolifically and publicized his ideas unceasingly, becoming one of the most famous and influential figures of his time and during several subsequent decades (Walls 2009). He was a pioneer of Europe’s global environmentalism that has been tied to the 1768–1838 period (Grove 1996). A couple of the book’s key terms need further clarification. “Nature” in the book’s title does not refer to the lineage of powerful meanings from Plato, Pliny, and Linnaeus to Collingwood, Williams, and Merchant, among many. Instead, it is centered on the modern meanings of ecology and human-impacts-on-the-environment. Humboldt’s influence on these fields runs through the works of key figures such as Ernst Haeckel and George Perkins Marsh. The book absorbs major points from some well-known histories of these fields while inexplicably omitting the landmark treatise on Humboldt’s Essay on the Geography of Plants as the origin of modern global ecological science (Jackson 2009). Similarly, the subtitle “New World” is potentially confusing. It might be taken to indicate the pivotal influence on Humboldt of his extensive travel in Latin America and the Caribbean. But the book’s perspective and topical coverage suggest the “new world” is that of Humboldt’s broad vision defined in part by his intense curiosity and uniquely inquisitive spirit (Gade 2011: 29–31). Indeed, the history and geography of Latin America and the Caribbean are generally well-represented in Wulf’s book, though not always insightfully. Humboldt was not against mining, counter to the book’s claim (p. 120), [End Page 279] but rather wished to work toward its modernization, which meant aiding the late colonial Bourbon reforms as the Spanish monarchs had intended by authorizing his travel. Humboldt viewed the revolutions for Latin American independence as based on modernizing national elites and reforms (political independence, abolition), rather than post-colonial transformations of institutions and social power relations. Interesting and important, though not addressed in Wulf’s account, were the...

Treasures from the Hispanic Society of America: Visions of the Hispanic World by Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid

Reviewed by: Treasures from the Hispanic Society of America: Visions of the Hispanic World by Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid Debra Jackson Philippe de Montebello, Chairman of the Board of Trustees at the Hispanic Society of America, espouses a quaint notion regarding the museum-going public. In a recent interview he surmised that tourists in Madrid—with limited time to enjoy the sights—would never go online looking for what's on view at the Prado. "You go for its collections," he quipped, "and if they happen to have a special exhibition, good." That claim may seem improbable in this age of free apps and social media platforms, but for this reviewer visiting Madrid last July, his assessment was correct. The highlight of my week in Madrid was an entire day at the Prado. The Prado visit included, to my astonishment, a special exhibition loan from the Hispanic Society of America. It was an incredible opportunity to explore the collections of an under-appreciated New York City institution located in Washington Heights on Manhattan Island's northern reaches. The Hispanic Society Museum and Library's uptown location (Broadway at 155th Street) is far off the beaten path for ordinary tourists visiting the city. Even for those with a keen appreciation of the visual arts it is an exceptional choice. Indeed, the Hispanic Society is home to "the most important collection of Hispanic art" outside of Spain. The loan to the Prado is a cultural exchange that is certain to raise the visibility and prestige of the Hispanic Society, which sent more than two hundred of its finest objects to the Prado while its home undergoes extensive renovation. In fact, it is the refurbishment of the Hispanic Society's 1905 building that prompted the loan, which was successfully orchestrated on this side of the Atlantic Ocean by Hispanic [End Page 147] Society curator Mitchell A. Codding and Board chair Philippe de Montebello. The challenges of organizing an exhibition for international loan are formidable, particularly ensuring the door-to-door safety of precious objects. Equally daunting for Mitchell Codding and his team of conservators and curators was the selection of just over two hundred works—from among the Hispanic Society's repository of 500,000—that will represent the finest examples of Hispanic culture. The sheer breadth and richness of the collections afforded abundant material from which to choose, and resulted in a presentation that spanned the ages from antiquity to the twentieth century. This was an artistic collaboration on a grand scale that the Hispanic Society's visionary founder would have heartily approved. Archer Milton Huntington (1870-1955) was a scholar and philanthropist, a true man of letters whose passionate interest in Hispanic culture inspired extensive travel, participation in archeological expeditions and the commitment of his considerable financial resources to the establishment of a "Hispanic Museum." Its opening was a goal he had cherished from his teenage years. Under the tutelage of Professor William Ireland Knapp of Yale University, Huntington became an ardent Hispanist, and traveled to Europe for the first time in 1882. He visited Spain for the first time a decade later, though his initial, direct experience of Spanish culture was in 1889 when he joined his parents on a trip to Mexico. Two years later a visit to Cuba afforded him "many new Spanish impressions." It is tempting to speculate how these travels in Latin America might have influenced his artistic tastes. But Huntington was clearly enthralled with Spanish society both in the New World and on the Iberian peninsula. Huntington's wide-ranging travels throughout Spain enhanced his cultural expertise while affording opportunities to meet dealers, collectors and to purchase fine objects. He had a keen eye for quality, and as a very young man displayed the confidence to acquire significant additions to his holdings; at the age of eighteen he purchased a large collection of coins from a private owner. And the acquisition of the personal library of the Marquis of Jerez de los Caballeros secured a collection so extraordinary that only Madrid's Biblioteca Nacional held comparable works. When Huntington's growing collections finally outgrew his residence, his dream of a museum materialized with the...

Ergonomics To Go: Designing The Mobile Workspace

ABSTRACTThe workplace is becoming increasingly mobile, as more and more employees regularly work from their home office, spend a lot of time travelling, work on-site at their customers’ place, and use laptops and mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets instead of classical desktop computers. However, while research and checklists on how to create an ergonomic office are readily available, less is known about how the ‘mobile workplace’ should be designed to reduce strains and stress resulting from unfavourable workplace conditions, non-ergonomic equipment or devices, extensive travelling, or work-home interference. In this paper we present the results of an empirical study on the ergonomic requirements of mobile workers. Based on this, we present the ‘Ergonomics Coach’, a prototype of an online coaching application with helpful information and exercises adapted to the mobile workplace.

A Liminal Orientalism: Turkish Studies by Franz Babinger

Franz Babinger (1891-1967), a German scholar publishing on Ottoman history, worked outside the mainstream of Oriental philology of his time. While he shared many of the nationalist, patriarchal and gendered views of his generation (he was, however, not anti-Semitic), his interest in the “realities” of history bridled the scope of Orientalist assumptions and the reliance on canonical texts singled out as key to understanding “Islam” or the “Middle East”. Extensive travels and an eye for material conditions made him understand the Ottoman Empire as a Mediterranean phenomenon. Rather than intellectual or political differences his brusque and irascible character (along with his idiosyncratic use of German that makes his works difficult to understand for second-language readers) prevented his research from resonating with contemporary historians. His correspondence shows how Babinger established and then destroyed a working relationship with Halil İnalcık that might have won him a Turkish audience.

Painful lymphadenopathy due to silicone breast implant rupture following extensive global air travel

A 25-year-old Caucasian flight attendant with an extensive travel history presented with night sweats, fevers, weight loss and axillary and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Apart from surgical breast augmentation, she had no past medical or surgical history. She was anaemic, leucopenic and lymphopenic, and a broad infection screen was negative. Cross-sectional imaging revealed ipsilateral silicone breast implant rupture, with leaking of implant contents into the surrounding tissue. Histological examination of an axillary lymph node core biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of silicone lymphadenopathy. This case illustrates the broad differential for acute painful lymphadenopathy in the context of global travel, and the use of targeted infection testing, early cross-sectional imaging and biopsy to arrive at an unexpected diagnosis.

Primary Hepatic Leiomyosarcoma Presenting as a Budd-Chiari-Like Syndrome

Figure: Spiral CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrating a large heterogenous mass occupying the majority of the right hepatic lobe and extending into the IVC.Figure: MRI of the abdomen demonstrating a large cystic and solid mass centered in the right hepatic lobe which extends into the caudate lobe causing near occlusion of the intrahepatic IVC.Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor arising from smooth muscle cells of either vascular, biliary, or ligamentous origin. Diagnosis is often delayed due to the tumor causing nonspecific symptoms and often remaining asymptomatic until mass effect is produced. Less than 50 cases have been described in the literature. A 60-year-old male with extensive travel history to developing countries initially presented to a medical facility in Guam with bilateral lower extremity edema, dyspnea, fever, and fatigue. This was attributed to an upper respiratory infection and he was given a course of antibiotics and subsequently developed a diffuse desquamating rash felt to be a drug allergy. He ultimately underwent CT of the abdomen and pelvis which revealed a 13.6 x 16.8cm right hepatic lobe mass with obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC). He left Guam and presented to our institution two days later. Due to leukocytosis and fever, the initial suspicion was still largely infectious with hepatocellular carcinoma also on the differential; however he had no history of cirrhosis, hepatitis C, or alcohol abuse. CT guided liver biopsy was performed and demonstrated nonspecific fibrotic and infarcted liver parenchyma. As infectious and tumor markers were unrevealing, a repeat biopsy was obtained. This revealed a poorly differentiated carcinoma without a definitive primary site. Further imaging studies to assess for additional lesions were unrevealing. After extensive discussion with surgical oncology and cardiothoracic surgery he underwent open right hepatic lobectomy with resection of tumor and repair of the IVC. The patient tolerated surgery remarkably well and was subsequently discharged home with plans for potential adjuvant treatment. Surgical pathology, reviewed by an outside institution, demonstrated epithelioid elements with regions of smooth muscle morphology supporting the overall impression of high-grade primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma. Hepatic leiomyosarcoma is an exceedingly rare liver tumor with a poor prognosis due to the characteristically delayed presentation due to nonspecific symptoms. This case is consistent with the presentation and disease course described by previous case reports in the literature. This is thought to be a primary leiomyosarcoma of the liver, most of which are thought to arise from the wall of major vessels. Surgical resection is the management of choice with the role of chemotherapy and radiation not well defined.

Yokohama to Ruby Valley: Around the World in 80 Years. II.

We two had year-long research leaves in Japan, working together fulltime with several Japanese plus Tony De Groot back in Livermore and Harald Posch in Vienna. We summarize a few of the high spots from that very productive year ( 1989-1990 ), followed by an additional fifteen years' work in Livermore, with extensive travel. Next came our retirement in Nevada in 2005, which has turned out to be a long-term working vacation. Carol narrates this part of our history together.

The Maslyn Williams Network

ABSTRACTThis paper provides some accounting for recent work by the authors on a cultural biography of Ron Maslyn Williams (20 February 1911 to 11 August 1999), an Australian photographer, writer, film-maker, and musician. An inveterate traveller and man of influence in many artistic and diplomatic spheres around the world, he became a leading Catholic figure, a kind of “cultural ambassador” promoting a worldview that far outreached “Anglican” constraints. Williams’s prodigious talent is mirrored in his multi-perspectival career, extensive travels, and numerous relationships with people on the world stage. In attempting to locate the most appropriate way in which to deal with the fragments and encounters in Williams’s life, as they inform the particular yet multifarious post-war culture in which he performed, the authors have taken an historicist approach to identify six nodes of a transnational cultural network in which Williams operated.

A report on injuries and illnesses among athletes and games officials during XII South Asian Games-2016, Shillong, India

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The 12<sup>th</sup><strong> </strong>South Asian Games (SAG) was held from February 5-16, 2016 in Guwahati and Shillong. International level mega-events bring people of different background to a single geographic location after extensive travel. Surveillance and measures for primary and secondary prevention of injuries and illnesses by the organizers and host country is highly desirable. There is no such previous published report on South Asian games. The study was conducted with the aim<strong> </strong>to analyse the medical arrangements and report injuries and illnesses in athletes and games officials during the South Asian Games-2016 at Shillong venue.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <strong>:</strong> It is a retrospective study from all daily records of injuries and illnesses reported to the principal referral hospital designated to treat all significant injuries and illnesses for games officials and athletes from all eight participating countries staying in Shillong.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Eight major sports were conducted in Shillong that included Badminton, Boxing, Football, Judo, Taekwondo and Wushu. The average age of the injured athletes or ill officials combined was 27.5 years. Male to female ratio was approximately 7:3. There were a total of 65 injuries (59.6%) out of 109 hospital visits including six dislocations involving the upper limbs, but only one athlete required hospitalization. Athletes from three major contact sports namely taekwondo, football and wushu dominated the injured list. A significant number of games officials had injuries and medical illnesses, some requiring hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Thorough planning for be<em>fitting </em>medical care <em>arrangements</em><em> </em>is indispensable for successful conduct of any major sports event.<strong> </strong>Significant training, sensitization, preparedness, knowledge-based manpower and infrastructure are needed for adequate medical coverage before, during and after the schedule of any major sports events. </p>

The Victorian Geopolitical Aesthetic: Realism, Sovereignty, and Transnational Experience

The Victorian Geopolitical Aesthetic: Realism, Sovereignty, and Transnational Experience

Health crises due to infectious and communicable diseases : European preparedness and response tools in an international context

The combination of changes in eating habits, ways of living, globalisation, extensive travelling and the migration of millions of people around the world may be contributing to increased health risks. Certainly, health crises today are proving highly complex. More and more people are travelling and may carry with them unexpected virus vectors such as mosquitoes. Preparedness is challenging and there is a need for action plans to safeguard the growing at-risk population. Health crises can potentially affect a large proportion of the population and may lead to a significant increase in mortality or to an abnormally high death rate. This should be integrated into the general concept of national and international surveillance in order to provide a prepared response in the event of crisis. This paper provides an inventory of the relevant laws, guidelines and tools in Europe (and to a lesser degree, beyond), and proposes answers to the health crisis problems associated with infectious and communicable diseases. In crisis management, communication is an important factor to consider. This paper can serve as a tool for people involved in crisis preparedness.

‘Sending them beyond the Sea’: Andrew Marvell, the Earl of Clare, and Tutoring in the Restoration

Going ‘beyond the sea’ was an important part of education in the seventeenth century. We know that Marvell traveled extensively in Europe as a tutor in the 1640s, and with William Dutton in the 1650s. Marvell’s career as a tutor has received a good deal of attention from modern scholars. Thanks to Nigel Smith’s recent biography and Nicholas von Maltzahn’s chronology of Marvell’s life, we have a detailed account of the years Marvell was employed in this type of service. Yet existing commentary on Marvell and tutoring covers only a brief period in the 1640s and 1650s, up until the point Marvell entered the secretariat in 1657. This essay examines a newly discovered letter suggesting that Marvell continued to be involved in the tutoring of the nobility in the Restoration – as a client of Gilbert Holles, Earl of Clare, Marvell was searching for nonconformist tutors with extensive travel experience for Clare’s son. The letter is significant for two reasons. Firstly, it underlines the value attached to European travel in the education of the nobility and gentry. Secondly, it provides valuable information about Marvell’s circle of acquaintances in the Restoration. The newly found link between Clare and Marvell expands the network of puritan politicians with whom we know Marvell associated. Clare’s puritan interests mattered to his choice of tutor. Looking closely at the kind of service Marvell offered Clare helps us better to understand Marvell’s attitude to nonconformity, and how this manifests itself in his writing in the 1670s.

Dore Ashton Papers

The recent addition to the Dore Ashton Papers includes fifty years of correspondence between Ashton and creative friends and family members, more than one hundred photographs of the critic at home and on her extensive travels, drafts of her essays and books, research files, appointment and address books, and lectures from her time as a professor at Cooper Union. Ashton was curious about all contemporary arts, and so her papers encompass music, literature, dance, and painting from Europe and the Americas. Fluent in French and Spanish, she befriended Samuel Beckett and Octavio Paz, Gunther Gerzso and Jean Tinguely, and she wrote about their work along with that of many American artists, including Philip Guston, Robert Motherwell, and Mark Rothko.