Extensive Theoretical Research Research Articles

An overview of fuzzy logic connectives on the unit interval

The aim of this short paper is to give a simple look to the historical development of logical connectives for fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. Concepts that have been (and still are) in the core of extensive theoretical research, like conjunction, disjunction, complement, subsethood and fuzzy conditionals, are considered in an informal way. An extensive list of essential references helps the interested reader to find sources for deeper study of the main subjects.

Physical justification for ionic conductivity enhancement at strained coherent interfaces

Introducing lattice mismatch-induced tensile strain at hetero-interfaces may be an efficient approach to enhance ionic conductivity at moderate temperatures. Extensive theoretical and experimental research has focused on strain-versus-ionic conductivity correlations. However, the correlation between strain and ionic conductivity still lacks a systematic and quantitative investigation. In this report, we derive an analytical expression to evaluate quantitatively the strain-induced enhancement in ionic conductivity. We demonstrate that simulation and experimental data in the literature, are well explained in the framework of our derived expressions. Our studies provide a powerful platform for quantitatively designing and engineering heterostructure interfaces for a number of applications, including fuel cells/batteries and optical/magnetic devices.

Recent Trends in Human Resources Management in Selected Industry in Slovakia and the Czech Republic

Abstract The main goal of the paper is to evaluate trends in human resources management in the international environment on a selected sample of HR managers and their employees. The paper is based on extensive theoretical research and on a study of previous similar research. In order to achieve a more detailed analysis, there has been a research conducted. The research investigates the relation between the trends and gained benefits and the origin of the respondents – from Slovakia and the Czech Republic. According to the results, there exists a statistically significant difference in a small group of trends/benefits. In the rest of the benefits the results show there is no statistically significant difference in trends and benefits between employees who come from Slovakia or the Czech Republic.

Surface Texturing한 평행 스러스트 베어링의 열유체윤활 해석: 딤플 반경과 깊이의 영향

School of Mechanical Engineering, ERI, Gyeongsang National University(Received July 19, 2014 ; Revised August 20, 2014 ; Accepted August 22, 2014)Abstract − In order to reduce friction and improve reliability, researchers have applied various surface texturingmethods to highly sliding machine elements such as mechanical seals and piston rings. Despite extensive the-oretical research on surface texturing, previous numerical results are only applicable to isothermal and iso-vis-cous conditions. Because the lubricant flow pattern of textured bearing surfaces is much more complicated thanthat for non-textured bearings, the Navier?Stokes equation is more suitable than the Reynolds equation for theformer. This study carries out a thermohydrodynamic (THD) lubrication analysis to investigate the lubricationcharacteristics of a single micro-dimpled parallel thrust bearing cell. The analysis involves using the continuity,Navier?Stokes, energy, temperature?viscosity relation, and heat conduction equations with the commercial com-putational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT. This study discretizes these equations using the finite volumemethod and solves them using the SIMPLE algorithm. The results include finding the streamlines, pressure andtemperature distributions, and variations in the friction force and leakage for various dimple radii and depths.Increasing the dimple radius and decreasing the depth causes a recirculation flow to form because of a strongvortex, and the oil temperature greatly increases compared with the non-textured case. The present numericalscheme and results are applicable to THD analysis of various surface-textured sliding bearings and can lead tofurther study. Keywords − dimple (딤플), friction reduction (마찰저감 ), parallel thrust bearing (평행 스러스트 베어링 ), surfacetexturing (표면조직가공), thermohydrodynamic lubrication (열유체윤활)

Review of Clinician’s handbook for obsessive-compulsive disorder: Inference-based therapy (First edition).

Clinician's Handbook for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Inference-Based Therapy (First Edition), by Kieron O'Connor and Frederick Aardema (Eds.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. 2012, 333 pagesDOI: 10.1037/a0037378The availability of a variety of cognitive-based approaches for treating anxiety disorders and related problems is important, as they enhance the number of possible options available to both therapists and clients or patients. This book presents an Inference- Based Therapy (IBT) program, which is a cognitive approach to treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Based on extensive theoretical and intervention-based research on this topic, the au- thors have provided a detailed description of the treatment and each of its components, accompanied by a range of useful tools for both therapists and clients. Specifically, each chapter contains a description of the session content for therapists to review including examples, tips for how to know when the client is ready to proceed to the following session, and materials for clients, such as work- sheets, exercise sheets, training cards (highlighting important learning points), quizzes on session material, and even OCD- related cartoons. The cartoons add variety and a lighthearted tone to the book; but with some creative thinking, the authors may wish to consider a revised set of cartoons for use in future editions that could also serve to enhance content, understanding, or both.The book begins with an overview of the treatment and the theory on which it is based, namely the notion that doubt always results from inferential confusion. Inferential confu- sion encompasses distrust of one's senses or common sense, as well as being overly invested in unlikely possibilities. A summary of the stages of treatment is provided as well as information about appropriate assessment tools, most of which are included in the book. Following this introduction, the book is separated into three main sections of the treatment protocol, followed by a number of case examples and associated clinical data.The first treatment section, Education and Foundation, is com- posed of four sessions that provide the background and ground- work to build on as therapy progresses. The sessions focus on identifying the sequence (including triggers, doubts, consequences of doubts, and compulsions) to see that doubt is central to OCD, understanding that the reasoning behind doubt seems logical but is out of context, seeing how the reasoning behind doubt creates a convincing obsessional story and identi- fying the client's own story, and recognizing the self that clients fear they will become (i.e., common themes behind the client's doubts). This portion of the treatment really aims to help clients understand the role doubt plays in their OCD, and to better understand how their functions and is maintained. It is described clearly and lays an excellent framework for the rest of the treatment protocol.The second treatment section, Intervention, consists of four sessions that aim to establish the notion that doubts are based in imagination only, do not reflect reality, and that crossing into this imaginary world needs to be reduced. The sessions focus on exploring in further detail the notion that obsessions and doubts are based in imagination rather than reality and have no evidence in the here and now, increasing understanding that doubt is com- pletely irrelevant to reality and goes against the senses, under- standing that pulls clients into a when they cross over from reality into imagination and the importance of recognizing when they are entering this bubble, and working to reduce how strongly the client is being pulled into this OCD bubble by using the senses to dismiss doubts. Thus, this section has a strong focus on clients being able to recognize what evidence is actually based in the here and now, and how to begin trying to recognize the imaginary nature of doubts before getting pulled into an from which it is difficult to break free. …

Critical integer quantum Hall topology and the integrable Maryland model as a topological quantum critical point

One-dimensional tight binding models such as the Aubry-Andr\'e-Harper (AAH) model (with an on-site cosine potential) and the integrable Maryland model (with an on-site tangent potential) have been the subject of extensive theoretical research in localization studies. AAH can be directly mapped onto the two-dimensional (2D) Hofstadter model which manifests the integer quantum Hall topology on a lattice. However, such a connection needs to be made for the Maryland model (MM). Here we describe a generalized model that contains AAH and MM as the limiting cases with the MM lying precisely at a topological quantum phase transition (TQPT) point. A remarkable feature of this critical point is that the one-dimensional MM retains well defined energy gaps whereas the equivalent 2D model becomes gapless, signifying the 2D nature of the TQPT.

Anatomy of public-private partnerships: their creation, financing and renegotiations

Purpose– As public-private partnerships (PPPs) have become more widespread, doubts and criticisms about this type of infrastructural projects have emerged. The authors describe the PPP framework, discuss the financial structure and risk-sharing processes, and dissect the structure and organisation. The authors address the following questions: what are the main organisational characteristics of PPPs? How does the private sector structure and finance PPPs? And why and how are PPP contracts renegotiated? The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This paper draws on extensive theoretical and empirical research, which is presented in a literature overview on PPPs and their renegotiations. A comprehensive review is carried out and two case studies are developed to investigate the reasons behind success and failure of PPPs and the renegotiation of contracts.Findings– Incomplete contracts and the long duration of concessions can bring uncertainty and change to PPPs. Joint decision making can be difficult due to different parties involved. Renegotiation outcomes tend to rely on the position of the government. In Fertagus, the private sector asked for financial help led to a very balanced agreement. Conversely, Lusoponte renegotiations were initiated by the government, which significantly changed the project. Instead of relying solely on commercial revenues, Lusoponte was substantial financed by public funds.Research limitations/implications– Incomplete contracts and the long duration of concessions bring about much uncertainty to PPPs.Ex postdecision making in PPPs in the wake of changing risks is difficult as it necessarily involves negotiations between the public sector and the private firm. The paper shows that marked differences in renegotiation outcomes emerge. In one case study, the private sector asked for financial help and the negotiation outcome was a very balanced agreement. Conversely, renegotiations in a second case were initiated by the government mainly for political reasons, resulted in a significant change in the PPP’s structure, risk, financing, and returns, and yielded a large public losses.Practical implications– Contrasting successful and unsuccessful PPPs enables the reader to examine the opportunities and pitfalls in case of PPP renegotiations, which frequently occur. He can gain insight in the determinants of negotiation outcomes and the importance of a governmental PPP entity as well as of an independent monitor such as a court of audits.Originality/value– This paper should be useful for both academics and practitioners and should help increase the understanding of the several stages, structures, and renegotiation processes associated with PPPs.

Essays on Experimental Investigation of Lottery Contests

A contest is a situation in which individuals or groups expend costly resources while competing to win a specific prize. The variety of economic situations that can be described as contests has attracted enormous attention from economic theorists. Despite the extensive theoretical research of contests, very little empirical research has been done to evaluate the theory. This dissertation uses experimental methods to provide empirical investigation of different aspects of contest theory. The dissertation consists of four independent essays. The first essay experimentally compares the performance of four simultaneous lottery contests: a grand contest, two multiple prize settings (equal and unequal prizes), and a contest which consists of two sub-contests. Consistent with the theory, the grand contest generates the highest effort levels among all simultaneous contests. In multi-prize settings, equal prizes produce lower efforts than unequal prizes. The results also support the argument that joint contests generate higher efforts than an equivalent number of sub-contests. The second essay experimentally studies a two-stage elimination contest and compares its performance with a one-stage contest. Contrary to the theory, the two-stage contest generates higher total effort expenditures than the equivalent one-stage contest. The third essay investigates the performance of a two-stage elimination contest with effort carryover. Experimental results support all major theoretical predictions: the first stage effort and the total effort expenditures increase in the carryover rate, and the second stage effort decreases in the carryover rate. Consistent with other experimental studies, there is significant over-dissipation of efforts relative to the equilibrium prediction in all contests. The first essay argues that this over-dissipation can be partially explained by strong endowment size effects. Subjects who receive bigger endowments tend to over-dissipate, while subjects who receive smaller endowments tend to under-dissipate. This behavior is consistent with the predictions of a quantal response equilibrium. The second and third essays provide evidence that winning is a component in a subject’s utility and that non-monetary utility of winning is an important factor to explain over-dissipation in contests. The final essay investigates contests between groups. Each group has one strong player, with a higher valuation for the prize, and two weak players, with lower valuations. In contests where individual efforts are perfect substitutes, both strong and weak players expend significantly higher efforts than predicted by theory. In best-shot contests, where group performance depends on the best performer within the group, most of the effort is expended by strong players while weak players free-ride. In weakest-link contests, where group performance depends on the worst performer within the group, there is almost no free-riding and all players expend similar positive efforts.

THE UNIFYING WEDGE

The idea that ecology and evolution can influence each other simultaneously in a feedback loop has become the lynchpin of the new field of eco-evolutionary dynamics (Pelletier et al. 2009). However, under a different name, eco-evolutionary dynamics is actually a venerable idea. Biologists, starting with Darwin (1859) and later Brown and Wilson (1956), have long recognized that competitive interactions between species lead to evolutionary divergence that facilitates coexistence, an eco-evolutionary process known as character displacement. Despite all the attention lavished on eco-evolutionary feedbacks in recent years, character displacement is often neglected. This neglect likely reflects an uneasy combination of over-familiarity (hasn’t it all been done many times over?) and a lingering skepticism after rancorous debates over ecological character displacement and reinforcement. With renewed interest in eco-evolutionary feedbacks, it is time for a synthetic review to resuscitate the original eco-evolutionary process. Pfennig and Pfennig (2012), who have produced a series of elegant touchstone studies on both ecological and reproductive character displacement in spadefoot toads (Spea), are ideally qualified to write such a review. With Evolution’s Wedge: Competition and the Origins of Diversity (2012), they have succeeded. The book posits that competition is a ubiquitous ecological process and that competition’s consequence, character displacement, is an evolutionary wedge that generates biodiversity. Pfennig and Pfennig argue that this wedge provides a unifying theory for fundamental questions throughout evolutionary biology and ecology. In the first chapter, Pfennig and Pfennig cover the basics: definitions, alternative outcomes, and criteria for demonstrating character displacement. The subsequent three chapters provide thorough, and at times speculative, discussions of why, when, and how character displacement occurs. Although each section addresses reproductive and ecological character displacement separately, Pfennig and Pfennig also provide insightful discussions of how the two types of character displacement facilitate and impede evolution of the other. The second half of the book examines how character displacement influences other ecological and evolutionary patterns and processes, like the formation of intraspecies diversity, niche formation, community composition, sexual selection, speciation, and macroevolution. Pfennig and Pfennig bring valuable perspective to aspects of character displacement that are usually overlooked. For example, they argue that phenotypic plasticity is a key component of character displacement. Plasticity can reveal cryptic genetic variation and consequently may delay competitive exclusion long enough for genetically canalized differences to evolve. Moreover, variation in plasticity itself can be heritable, and thus the strength of plasticity can evolve during character displacement. In addition, the authors attempt to dissolve the dichotomy between reproductive character displacement and reinforcement. Finally, the book includes many examples from the plant literature, something rarely done in the discussion of character displacement. Evolution’s Wedge is not an exhaustive summary of all relevant examples of each phenomenon discussed. Instead, Pfennig and Pfennig focus on historically important and iconic empirical examples with helpful diagrams to cover the essential concepts. The authors seem to have made a conscious decision not to discuss the extensive theoretical research on character displacement in detail. They often refer to general conclusions derived from mathematical models, but never discuss the mathematical details. Some readers may find the lack of equations inviting in a book primarily concerned with general concepts, whereas others may see this as an unfortunate missed opportunity to define and discuss

Empirical assessment of bottleneck congestion with a constant and peak toll: San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge

Extensive theoretical research has been conducted on the morning commute problem building on the bottleneck model (Vickrey in Am Econ Rev 59(2):251–260, 1969 ). There have been far fewer studies assessing the bottleneck model and its extensions using real data. This paper presents an analysis of empirical data from the toll plaza of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, which is a major regional bottleneck. The Bay Bridge transitioned from a constant toll to a peak step toll on July 1, 2010, so the site is well-suited for assessing many relevant extensions to the classic bottleneck model for the morning commute, including theories for congestion pricing. This paper uses traffic data from the Bay Bridge to address two areas of theoretical work on bottleneck congestion: (1) heterogeneous schedule preferences, and (2) equilibrium response to step tolls. The results suggest that the predicted equilibrium for the morning commute is consistent with observed traffic patterns, especially at the beginning of the rush. The data can be analyzed through the lens of relevant theories to quantify commuters’ value of earliness and lateness relative to queuing delay. The pattern of queuing suggests that the peak step toll has not been implemented in a socially optimal way.

The effect of an agent’s expertise on National Football League contract structure

There is extensive theoretical research focusing on the ways in which principal–agent interactions vary depending on the agent’s expertise or knowledge. While the empirical research testing the implications of these models involves a broad array of experts ranging from lawyers to physicians to real estate agents, we are not aware of any empirical research that focuses on how the level of an agent’s expertise affects outcomes. This paper contributes to the empirical research on delegation to experts by considering agents representing football players in contract negotiations with National Football League (NFL) teams. Using whether and for how long an agent is certified with the NFL Players’ Association as a proxy for expertise, we find that the monetary terms of the contract do not vary with an agent’s expertise, conditional on the contract structure. However, we do find that an agent’s expertise does affect the contract structure–specifically, contract duration and incentive clauses. These results suggest that while minimal expertise is required to understand the appropriate monetary compensation associated with a given contract structure, expertise is required to fully grasp the tradeoffs when negotiating the contract structure.

Role configurations in the service provision process: empirical insights into co‐creation of value

PurposeResearch on value co‐creation has gained ground rapidly but remained at a very theoretical level. Thus, it has provided relatively little insight into the nature of individual processes of service provision/value creation, and how firms interact with their customers and contribute to their value creation processes. On this basis, the purpose of this paper is to identify and elaborate possible roles firms and their customers enact in the service provision/value creation process.Design/methodology/approachThe research utilizes a multiple case study approach building primarily on qualitative interview data from eight service concepts in the Finnish residential real estate industry.FindingsThe research reveals three roles of the firm based on the extent to which firms engage in service provision/value creation processes with their customers. At one extreme, the output of the firms acts as a resource, which is transformed into an outcome and used by the customers. At the other, firms and customers jointly co‐create value, with the firm coordinating the whole offering for the customer. In between, firms transform their resources into relatively standardized outcomes, which customers use in their value creation processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe results contribute to the understanding of service provision by categorizing firm‐customer interaction into differing configurations of roles. This reinforces the notion that the depth of interaction affects the extent to which value is co‐created between the firm and customer; different services having different configurations of roles which shape the interaction. Limited to eight service cases, the results only exemplify aggregate role configurations. Moreover, by focusing only on the perspectives of firm representatives, the results do not allow a closer analysis on customer‐specific roles in the value creation process.Originality/valueThis research presents an empirical analysis and interpretation of the service co‐production/value co‐creation process, complementing the extensive theoretical research on the topic. Particularly, the results display different depths of interaction between firms and their customers in co‐producing and co‐creating value, which suggests that it is not necessarily meaningful to consider everything co‐creation from an empirical perspective.

Reproductive strategies in hermaphroditic gastropods: conceptual and empirical approaches

An individual optimizes its reproductive success by adopting a particular reproductive strategy. Studying the details of a reproductive strategy leads to an understanding of how sexual selection acts, as the former is the process via which the individual reproduces successfully. Hermaphroditic gastropods display a bewildering diversity of reproductive strategies, which may be due to their mode of gender expression, when compared with well-studied separate-sexed species. Extensive theoretical, observational, and experimental research has been conducted on this topic. However, despite our knowledge about the reproductive system of hermaphroditic gastropods, we still need to fill the gap between pre- and post-copulatory processes and reproductive success. Here, we review and propose conceptual and empirical approaches aimed at understanding reproductive strategies of hermaphroditic gastropods. In sum, our suggestions are (i) to focus on sex-biased traits, (ii) to take biologically reliable measurements at both the pre- and post-copulatory level that relate to reproductive success, and (iii) to examine the fitness consequences of biased sex allocation.

A History of Comparative Advertising in the United States

This historical monograph addresses a gap in the extensive scholarly research literature devoted to comparative advertising—especially that which contrasts the advertised product, service, or brand with an identifiable competitor—by exploring advertisers’ explanations for its appeal as a tactic throughout the previous century. Prior historical research confirms advertisers have long been aware of and greatly concerned about the unintended consequences of what they often called excessively competitive and combative advertising. Moreover, despite some thirty-five years of systematic scholarly research, two research teams recently concluded that the state of empirical knowledge regarding its effectiveness remains “equivocal.” By synthesizing the extensive theoretical and empirical research literature on comparative advertising and interpreting those findings from a historical perspective, this monograph offers uniquely significant insights into modern advertising’s history, theory, and practice.

Topological Zero-Energy Modes in Gapless Commensurate Aubry-André-Harper Models

The Aubry-André or Harper (AAH) model has been the subject of extensive theoretical research in the context of quantum localization. Recently, it was shown that one-dimensional quasicrystals described by the incommensurate AAH model has a nontrivial topology. In this Letter, we show that the commensurate off-diagonal AAH model is topologically nontrivial in the gapless regime and supports zero-energy edge modes. Unlike the incommensurate case, the nontrivial topology in the off-diagonal AAH model is attributed to the topological properties of the one-dimensional Majorana chain. We discuss the feasibility of experimental observability of our predicted topological phase in the commensurate AAH model.

Topological Equivalence between the Fibonacci Quasicrystal and the Harper Model

One-dimensional quasiperiodic systems, such as the Harper model and the Fibonacci quasicrystal, have long been the focus of extensive theoretical and experimental research. Recently, the Harper model was found to be topologically nontrivial. Here, we derive a general model that embodies a continuous deformation between these seemingly unrelated models. We show that this deformation does not close any bulk gaps, and thus prove that these models are in fact topologically equivalent. Remarkably, they are equivalent regardless of whether the quasiperiodicity appears as an on-site or hopping modulation. This proves that these different models share the same boundary phenomena and explains past measurements. We generalize this equivalence to any Fibonacci-like quasicrystal, i.e., a cut and project in any irrational angle.

Critical systemic thinking as a foundation for information systems research practice

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore a particular philosophical underpinning for Information Systems (IS) research – critical systemic thinking (CST). Drawing upon previous work, the authors highlight the principal features of CST within the tradition of critical research and attempt to relate it to trends in the Italian school of IS research in recent years, as exemplified by the work of Claudio Ciborra but also evident in work by, e.g. Resca, Jacucci and D'Atri.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper which explores CST, characterised by a focus on individual uniqueness, and socially‐constructed, individual worldviews as generators of human knowing.FindingsThe paper draws on work by Heinz Klein in which he elaborated three constitutive stages in critical research: interpretive, genealogical and constructive. The authors introduce a fourth, reflective stage and discuss five categories of critical research, reflecting different perspectives on emancipation, culminating in emergent expressionism, associated with Ciborra and the Italian school more generally.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper discusses approaches to CST and how they might have practical implications in IS development. The distinction between approaches founded in logical empiricism and those founded in hermeneutic dialectics are considered and the development of critical and systems strands are discussed.Practical implicationsThe paper addresses CST as an approach to development of information systems. Such approaches enable users to explore their individually unique understandings and create a constructive dialogue with one another, which emancipates and empowers users to own and control their own development processes and hence build more productive and usable systems.Social implicationsA focus on research which is oriented towards emancipation in the tradition of critical social theory.Originality/valueThe paper draws on extensive theoretical research carried out by the authors over a period of more than ten years in CST and synthesises the practical implications.

Models of Speculative Attacks and Crashes in International Capital Markets

Currency and financial turmoils in international capital markets have been the focus of an extensive theoretical research which started around 30 years ago. This paper provides a synthetic overview of this theoretical modeling. We analyze the basic analytical framework corresponding to the dominant theoretical approaches, and discuss their extensions to include the financial sector, contagion across markets and countries, capital ‡flows and borrowing constraints, strategic interactions among agents and equilibrium selection. In the final section we focus on the relevant policy issue of crisis prevention and optimal foreign regime choice in a world of full financial integration.

Improving high variable-low volume operations: an exploration into the lean product development

This paper draws on extensive theoretical research and literature reviews, from two cases, and presents one case to illustrate practical application. It seeks to define and understand how lean product development integrates with current lean manufacturing strategies, and how the principles of the lean product development process can successfully be applied to improve the operations of a high variable-low volume product mix business. This work aims at delivering a unique conceptual model that demonstrates how businesses can improve their profitability through the utilisation of lean product development concepts. Through our conceptual model, business firms achieve the systemic integration of lean product development concepts with their downstream operations. The case presented of a high variable-low volume business organisation offers useful insights into how to implement this in practice.

Structure of turbulent flow in a meander bend of a lowland river

The effects of channel curvature on turbulent flow in meander bends have been the main focus of extensive experimental and theoretical research hitherto. This paper is motivated by growing evidence that riffle‐pool morphology in bends can also have strong implications for the flow structure. Flow in a bend of a lowland river with a shallow riffle and a deep pool is examined in this study by using the results of field measurements. In the study, reach flow is quasi‐uniform in the riffle. In the pool, two layers compose the vertical structure of flow with a quasi‐uniform flow near the riverbed. The upper layer is affected by lateral advection of fluid with low momentum from the inner bank that results in reduced tangential velocities, submergence of velocity maximum, and almost zero shear stress. Bed shear stress is estimated from the local profiles of turbulent shear stress and is shown to comply with values computed with the modified length scale. The maximum bed shear stress is situated in the riffle while theoretical considerations based on the effect of curvature suggest the pool as the most probable location of the maximum. This fact supports the hypothesis that the effects of riffle‐pool morphology are dominant for the study reach. The study contributes to the clarification of up‐scaling results from laboratory experiments to natural rivers by providing a detailed analysis of turbulence profiles. It shows that parameters of turbulence profiles, scaled with the proper velocity and length scales, are similar to those reported by previous experimental studies for open‐channel flow.