Extensive Retinal Detachment Research Articles

Bacteriophage Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Induced Postoperative Acute Endophthalmitis In Vivo

Background: Postoperative acute endophthalmitis is a rare but severe complication following cataract surgery, with bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus being the leading cause. Despite declining incidence rates globally, visual outcomes remain poor in many cases. Recent studies have explored the potential of bacteriophage therapy to treat bacterial infections, particularly for antimicrobial-resistant strains. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of bacteriophage treatment in a rabbit model of S. aureus-induced acute postoperative endophthalmitis. Methods: The study employed a randomized, controlled, posttest-only design using New Zealand white rabbits. Following extracapsular lens extraction surgery, rabbits were injected with S. aureus intracamerally to induce endophthalmitis. The treatment group received additional bacteriophage therapy. Ocular inflammation was assessed by measuring two biomarkers, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from vitreous fluid samples. Histopathological analysis of retinal and scleral structures was performed post-enucleation. Statistical analyses were conducted using independent t-tests. Results: The treatment group showed significantly lower ICAM-1 levels (p < 0.001), indicating reduced leukocyte infiltration and inflammation compared to the control group. MPO levels were slightly elevated in the treatment group but were not statistically significant (p = 0.261). Histopathological examination revealed that retinal structures in the treatment group were preserved with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, whereas the control group displayed extensive retinal damage, including neovascularization and retinal detachment. Conclusion: Bacteriophage therapy significantly reduced ocular inflammation and tissue damage in S. aureus-induced endophthalmitis, as evidenced by lower ICAM-1 levels and better-preserved retinal structures in the treatment group. These findings suggest that bacteriophage therapy may be an effective alternative to conventional treatments for postoperative acute endophthalmitis, particularly in cases involving antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Further studies are warranted to explore its broader clinical applicability.

Bilateral Extensive Serous Retinal Detachment in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma

Purpose: To describe a case of bilateral serous retinal detachment in a patient with multiple myeloma.Case summary: A 75-year-old woman presented with sudden-onset of reduced visual acuity in both eyes which had begun 2 days prior. Initial ophthalmological assessment revealed that visual acuities were 0.03 in the right eye and 0.05 in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography indicated pronounced macular elevation and extensive subretinal fluid accumulation in the posterior pole of both eyes. Fluorescein angiography did not detect any significant vascular leakage. Blood tests showed an albumin level of 2.1 g/dL, and plasma protein electrophoresis revealed an M protein level of 0.19 g/dL. Multiple myeloma-related hypoalbuminemia and paraprotein were suspected. The patient's retinal statuses were closely monitored and compared with blood test outcomes. Over 2 months, there was significant improvement, characterized by decreasing macular elevation and reduction of subretinal fluid. This progress was sustained thereafter. Plasma protein electrophoresis showed a gradual decline in paraproteins which coincided with the amelioration of serous retinal detachment.Conclusions: We encountered a case of acute and extensive serous retinal detachment in both eyes of a patient with multiple myeloma. When fluorescein angiography does not definitively show vascular leakage, light chain deposition disease-related serous retinal detachment should be considered. In such instances, it is important to address and monitor the underlying multiple myeloma.

A Case of Excessive Axial Length Elongation Following Retinal Detachment Vitrectomy

Purpose: To report a case of excessive axial length elongation following vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.Case summary: A 21-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with visual impairment. The patient had previously undergone computed tomography in our emergency room for a facial contusion 3 years prior to his current visit. Axial lengths of 27.23 mm in the right eye and 27.62 mm in the left eye were recorded at that time. The patient had no previous ocular history. Fundus examination revealed extensive retinal detachment with macular involvement and hypotony retinopathy in the left eye. Retinal detachment surgery was subsequently performed on the left eye. Following the surgery, intraocular pressure in the left eye increased and intraocular pressure-lowering medications were administered. At 3 months postoperatively, the patient developed additional retinal detachment in the right eye, prompting retinal detachment surgery. Unlike the contralateral eye, the intraocular pressure remained well-controlled postoperatively. Axial length measurement was performed due to the complaint of left eye protrusion. The axial lengths were 27.76 mm and 31.41 mm in the right and left eyes, respectively. There was a significant increase in the axial length of the left eye but not in that of the right eye compared to 3 years prior.Conclusions: Gas tamponade, preoperative ocular hypotension, and postoperative ocular hypertension can cause excessive axial length elongation in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in young patients with high myopia.

Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Coverage With Autologous Blood Technique After Air-Fluid Exchange and Silicone Oil Tamponade for Extensive Macular Hole Retinal Detachment in Highly Myopic Eyes.

To report a technique consisting of inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap coverage with autologous blood after air-fluid exchange and silicone oil tamponade in treating extensive retinal detachment secondary to a myopic macular hole (MH). This was a retrospective case series. 18 eyes with MHRD extending beyond the equator were included in this study with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The procedures for pars plan vitrectomy (PPV) included the following: 1) The ILM was peeled to the superior and inferior arcade margins and, except for the ILM in the temporal region, was hinged toward the edge of the MH. 2) Air-fluid exchange was then performed to drain the subretinal fluid through the MH with a flute needle, ensuring that a small amount of subretinal fluid remained to facilitate ILM flap inversion. 3) The ILM flap was used to cover the MH with the assistance of autologous blood. Six months after surgery, the MH was successfully anatomically closed, and retinal reattachment was observed in all 18 eyes of 18 patients. The mean best-corrected visual acuity logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) improved from 2.03 ± 0.61 (ranging from hand motion [2.6] to finger counting [2.3]) to 1.23 ± 0.63 (ranging from hand motion [2.6] to 20/28 [0.15]) ( P < 0.01) at 6 months. This surgical technique using an inverted ILM flap combined with autologous blood provides an option for the treatment of extensive MHRD.

The efficiency of laser treatment of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in children

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary disease characterized by abnormal angiogenesis and avascular zones (AZ) on the retinal periphery. The leading method of treatment of its early stages (1–3) is laser coagulation (LC) of AZ and pathological retinal vessels.Purpose. To study the efficiency of retinal laser coagulation in children with various stages of FEVR.Material and methods. 65 children with FEVR (82 eyes) were observed after retinal LC for 6 months to 10 years (on average, 3 years). The efficiency of laser treatment was evaluated after 2–3 months. We regarded the result as stabilization if no progression of the disease could be observed over the entire follow-up period (at least 12 months), either with or without an additional LC.Results. The efficiency of a single LC in children with FEVR in stage 1 was 100 %, in stage 2, 50 to 56 %, in stage 3, 10 to 50 %, in stage 4, 20 to 33 %. The proportion of cases with long-term (over 12 months) stabilization after additional LC sessions was diminishing according to the initial severity of clinical manifestations: from 75–100 % in stages 1–2 to 41–60 % in stage 3 and to 17–20 % in stage 4.Conclusion. LC efficiency of AZ and pathological retinal vessels in children with FEVR is inversely proportional to the stage of the disease. In more than half of the cases, repeated sessions of LC are required to achieve stabilization. The persistence of vascular activity after LC or the appearance of new vascular malformations are prognostic signs of further FEVR progression. The results obtained indicate the need for an early detection of the disease and an LC procedure to prevent the development of extensive retinal detachment, as well as regular dynamic observation of the patients and further study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of FEVR progression.

Intraoperative Perfluorocarbon Liquid Tamponade Technique for Treatment of Extensive Retinal Detachment Secondary to a Myopic Macular Hole.

To report an intraoperative perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) tamponade technique in treating extensive retinal detachment secondary to a myopic macular hole (MH) through pars plana vitrectomy. The technique was applied in nine eyes with MH-RD extending two quadrants or more areas. The procedures for pars plana vitrectomy included: 1). thorough drainage of subretinal fluid through the MH with fluid-air exchange; 2). PFCL tamponade on the macular area for more than 10 minutes; and 3). repairing the MH after PFCL was removed. All nine eyes gained intraoperative retinal reattachment after PFCL tamponade for 22.22 ± 8.01 minutes and removal of PFCL. Procedures for MH closure included internal limiting membrane peeling in eight eyes, with internal limiting membrane free flap insertion (four eyes), internal limiting membrane inverted flap insertion (two eyes), or lens capsular flap transplantation (three eyes). All eyes received C3F8 tamponade. During 9.11 ± 3.89 months of follow-up, eight of the nine eyes (89%) achieved retinal reattachment and MH closure; one eye achieved anatomical success after reoperations. All eyes had vision improvement at the last follow-up. This new technique in pars plana vitrectomy may promote anatomical and functional recovery in the treatment of extensive retinal detachment secondary to a myopic MH.

Iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy for diffuse choroidal hemangioma.

To report 6 cases of diffuse choroidal hemangioma (DCH) in children treated with iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy at a single tertiary care center. Retrospective case series. Six pediatric patients diagnosed with DCH were included in the study. Pre-plaque visual acuity (VA) ranged from 20/150 to no light perception (NLP). All patients had extensive serous retinal detachment at presentation. An iodine-125 radioactive plaque was placed on the affected eye to administer a dose of 34.2-42.1 Gy to the tumor apex over a median of 4 days. Tumor regression and subretinal fluid resolution were observed in all eyes within 17 months of treatment. Visual acuity improved in 2 patients. Radiation-induced cataract and subretinal fibrosis were documented in 1 case, and 1 patient developed radiation retinopathy. No patients developed neovascular glaucoma within a follow-up range of 12-65 months. Iodine-125 plaque radiotherapy is an effective option for DCH, although there is a risk for radiation-induced complications.

Management of primary choroidal lymphoma presenting as extensive serous retinal detachment and salmon patch of bulbar conjunctiva: a case report

BackgroundWe describe the outcome of ultra-low-dose radiotherapy plus intravitreal methotrexate and rituximab injections for a patient with primary choroidal lymphoma who presented with nodular conjunctival salmon patches and extensive serous retinal detachment.Case presentationA 34-year-old Iranian man presented with a nodular patch of bulbar conjunctiva in the right eye, and 1+ vitritis. A nearly complete shallow serous retinal detachment, retinal folds, and multifocal yellow choroidal infiltrates were seen during a fundus examination of the right eye. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography revealed macular retinal folds and an uneven, undulating, “seasick” appearance of the choroidal surface with choriocapillaris compression, intraretinal and subretinal fluid, and clusters of optically dense material at the outer retinal level. An incisional biopsy of the conjunctival lesion confirmed the diagnosis of primary choroidal lymphoma with epibulbar involvement. The patient was treated with ultra-low-dose “boom-boom” radiation (4 Gy delivered in two fractions over two consecutive days) as well as intravitreal methotrexate and rituximab injections. After a year, the lesions had completely disappeared, with no adverse effects or recurrence.ConclusionUltra-low-dose (boom-boom) radiotherapy combined with intravitreal chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy may be an effective treatment for primary choroidal lymphoma with anterior epibulbar extension and diffuse subretinal fluid with favorable response and minimal side effects.

Retinal granular cell tumor: a case report

BackgroundTo report a rare case of granular cell tumor invading the retina.Case presentationA 56-year-old female complained of blurred vision for 2 weeks in her left eye. An irregular-shaped retinal mass in the inferonasal and extending to the optic disc accompanied by dense exudation and extensive serous retinal detachment was observed. Several intravitreal bevacizumab injections were ineffective for stabilizing retinal exudation and intraocular pressure (IOP). Vitrectomy was performed to re-attach the retina and obtain a tumor biopsy specimen. Histopathological analysis revealed that the intraocular mass was a granular cell tumor. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that the tumor was positive for S100 and CD68, focal positive for neurofilaments, but negative for ERG and HMB-45. Local recurrence and distant metastasis were not found, but visual acuity had worsened to no light perception at the last visit due to uncontrolled intraocular pressure and retinal exudation after the surgery.ConclusionsGranular cell tumor is a rare benign neoplasm, but it can lead to devastating visual loss if it invades the retina adjacent to the optic nerve head.

Exudative retinal detachment as an initial presentation in retinopathy of prematurity

Exudative retinal detachment as the initial presentation of retinopathy of prematurity is extremely rare. We present 2 such cases with extensive subretinal exudation, ischemia and exudative retinal detachment. Both were managed successfully with a combination of intravitreal anti- vascular endothelial growth factor injection and laser photocoagulation.

Management of Regmatogent Retinal Ablation by Buckle Sclera and Cryoteraphy

Introduction. The most common type is regmatogen retinal detachment (rhegmatogenous retinal detachment), which is a result of the process of tearing of the retinal layer. The principle of operative management of retinal detachment is to reattach the detached layer of the retina by previously identifying and closing if there is a retinal tear and releasing traction from vitreoretina. Actions can include sclera buckle, pars plana vitrectomy and pneumatic retinopexy. The consideration of the choice of operative therapy is dependent on the pathogenesis underlying each case of retinal detachment.&#x0D; Case presentation. This case report found complaints of patients with sudden blurred vision without red eyes or calm eye conditions and a diagnosis with regmatogen retinal detachment. From the history, in this patient was obtained, complaints of blurred vision such as closed curtains complained of the patient and complaints were preceded by views such as seeing flashes of light or photopsia and vision such as flying objects or floaters which are the most common complaints in 50% of patients with retinal regmatogen retention. occurs because of the lattice degeneration process. In cases of severe and extensive retinal detachment, the combination procedure for vitrectomy and scleral buckle is the primary choice for optimal outcome.&#x0D; Conclusion. At follow-up, posterior segment examination revealed retinal attachments that were uncomplicated. Follow up 2 weeks post therapy found that the retina was attached and had vision with improvement

Comparative analysis for the fundus characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome with cytomegalovirus retinitis between first-visit and non-first-visit in ophthalmology

Objective To comparatively analyze for the fundus characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) between first-visit and non-first-visit in ophthalmology. Methods A retrospective study was performed for 22 patients (41 eyes) diagnosed as CMVR with AIDS by ophthalmology in the Affiliated Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from July 2004 to September 2017. The patients were divided into two groups: one with the first-visit in ophthalmology (FVO) and the other with the first-visit in non-ophthalmology (FVNO). All patients underwent visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp microscope and indirect ophthalmoscope examinations. Thirty-nine eyes of 21 patients with clear refractive media were examined by color fundus photography, of which 5 patients were examined by FFA. Five patients examined by OCT and B-mode ultrasound. The CMVR were characterized as fulminant type or indolent type. All the 22 patients (41 eyes) except 2 patients (4 eyes) accepted highly active antiroviral therapy, and all patients were treated with ganciclovir intravenously. Nine patients (12 eyes) received intravitreal injection of ganciclovir, 7 patients (10 eyes) underwent vitrectomy because of retinal detachment, 6 patients (7 eyes) gave up surgery because of extensive retinal detachment, and the other 12 eyes did not undergo any eye surgery. All patients were followed for 6-58 months (average 23±39 months). The incidences and fundus characteristics of the patients with fulminant or indolent CMVR were compared and analyzed. Between the two groups, the difference of visual acuity and CD4+T cell count at the first vist and the last follow-up were analyzed by a t-test, and the macular involvement and spread of the two groups were compared by a chi-square test. Results Fulminant CMVR showed dense yellow-white necrotic lesions along the great vessels with or without satellite lesions, while indolent CMVR showed sparse yellow-white granular lesions with a little bleeding. The concomitant signs included frost-like dendritic vascular sheath, retinal artery occlusion and optic disc edema. Fourteen eyes of 7 patients in FVO group were fulminant, including 2 patients (2 eyes) with retinal artery occlusion and 1 patient (two eyes) with optic disc edema. In FVNO group, there were 27 eyes of 15 patients, including 21 eyes of 13 cases identified as fulminant type and 6 eyes of 4 patients as indolent type. In the fulminant type, there were 4 patients (6 eyes) with frost-like dendritic vascular sheath, 10 patients (12 eyes) with retinal artery occlusion and 4 patients (4 eyes) with optic disc edema. There was no significant difference in initial visual acuity (t=-1.534, P=0.133), but there was a significant difference in visual acuity at the last follow-up (t=-3.420, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in CD4+ T cells between the two groups at the first visit (t=-0.902, P=0.378). The proportions of macular involvement and 3-4 quadrant involvement in FVO group were significantly higher than those in FVNO group (χ2=7.552, 7.865; P=0.006, 0.005). Conclusion For AIDS patients with CMVR, the first-visit in ophthalmology showed more dense necrotic lesions involving macular and a wider range of lesions than the first-visit in non-ophthalmology. Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/complications; Cytomegalovirus retinitis; First-visit in ophthalmology; Fundus features

Toxic retinopathy after phacoemulsification when the cefuroxime dilution is correct

To determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with toxic retinopathy after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation when the correct cefuroxime dilution is administered. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Prospective case series. Patients developing toxic retinopathy after phacoemulsification between January 2016 and April 2017 were observed. All patients received an anterior chamber injection of correctly diluted cefuroxime at the end of the surgery. The study evaluated 20 patients (20 eyes). At the 1-day follow-up, the mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) decreased to 0.78 logMAR±0.31 (SD) with no significant difference compared with the preoperative CDVA of 0.71±0.34 logMAR (P=.535). Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed cystoid macular edema (CME) with extensive serous neurosensory retinal detachment (RD) at the posterior pole. At the 1-week follow-up, the mean CDVA improved to 0.13±0.80 logMAR and the improvement was significant compared with the preoperative and 1-day postoperative logMAR CDVA (P<.001). The SD-OCT showed regression of CME and recovery of RD. When the drug dilution is correct, there is still a possibility of sporadic cefuroxime toxic maculopathy after intracameral injection of cefuroxime. This toxicity might be related to transient retinal pigment epithelium sodium-potassium pump dysfunction resulting from a large injection volume of a standard dose concentration or individual differences in conventional drug dose tolerance.

The efficacy of cryotherapy in one case of retinal vasoproliferative tumor.

Retinal vasoproliferative tumor (VPT) is uncommon retinal lesion, classified as primary (idiopathic) or secondary. Retinal VPT has a predilection for the peripheral inferior temporal quadrant of the retina and may be unilateral or bilateral. It can lead to decrease vision due to intraretinal or subretinal exudation, neovascularization, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, preretinal fibrosis, macular edema and epiretinal membrane formation. Different modalities have been used to treat this tumor including clinical observation, pars plana vitrectomy, cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, brachytherapy and radiotherapy. The authors describe a case of idiopathic retinal VPT associated with extensive serous retinal detachment and point out the importance of diagnosis and the effectiveness of cryotherapy.

Endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to melioidosis in paediatric patients: Case series and review article

Endogenous endophthalmitis is a devastating infection of the eye which can lead to permanent blindness. We report two rare cases of paediatric endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to melioidosis with contrasting visual outcomes. Both patients presented with acute painful visual loss with poor vision on presentation after exposure to open water sources (swimming at two separate locations with waterfalls). Both were diagnosed to have melioidosis endogenous endophthalmitis based on the ocular features clinically and via positive melioidosis serology. They otherwise did not exhibit any symptoms and signs suggestive of systemic melioidosis infection. Even though the two children demonstrated severe ocular involvement, ocular culture from vitreous and aqueous sampling taken from one of the patients did not yield any positive results. No ocular sampling was taken from the other patient. After standard antimicrobial treatment, the first patient responded well with good visual recovery without requiring any surgical intervention for the endophthalmitis. In contrast, our second patient ended up with poor visual outcome despite undergoing multiple intravitreal antibiotic injections and early pars plana vitrectomy. This is because he developed extensive retinal detachment due to the aggressive ocular infection. The diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis due to ocular melioidosis remains challenging and requires a high index of suspicion in areas endemic for the causative organism. Early empirical antibiotic treatment should be initiated in suspicious cases, even though the treatment outcomes may vary greatly.

Intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®) for exudative retinal detachment after proton beam therapy for choroidal melanoma.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal 0.7-mg dexamethasone implant (DEX-I) (Ozurdex®) in the treatment of extensive exudative retinal detachment (RD) associated with uveal melanoma treated using proton beam therapy (PBT). Data from 10 patients with exudative RD after PBT treated with intravitreal injection of 0.7-mg DEX-I were reviewed retrospectively. The main outcome measures were resolution of exudative RD, visual acuity, and safety profile. Mean age was 55.6 years (range 34-85). Mean time between PBT and DEX-I was 12.4 months (range 3-25). Mean follow-up was 9.9 months (range 4-15). Intravitreal Ozurdex® reduced exudative RD in 7 cases (70%) on average 3.1 months after injection with complete resolution of RD in 6 of these (60%). For half of the patients, their level of vision remained stable; the other half experienced a deterioration in visual acuity at the end of follow-up. No adverse effects were observed. In this small case series, treatment with intravitreal DEX-I reduced exudative RD in the majority of cases and had an acceptable safety profile.

Incidence and risk factors for cystoid macular edema following scleral buckling

PurposeTo investigate the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) after scleral buckling (SB) and verify the possible risk factors of CME.MethodsA retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series study was conducted. Clinical charts of 130 consecutive patients who were underwent successful SB for primary retinal detachment (RD) from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was applied to detect CME. Data pertaining to patient demographics, pre- and postoperative visual acuity, surgical procedures, and postoperative OCT findings were recorded. Factors associated with CME were also analyzed.ResultsThe incidence of CME was 9/130 (6.9%). Risk factors for developing CME were older age (non-CME vs CME: 44.8±14.8 vs 57.3±5.3 years, P<0.05), more extensive RD (RD extent by clock hours; non-CME vs CME: 4.61±1.57 vs 5.78±1.39, P<0.05), macular detachment (non-CME vs CME: 51.2 vs 88.9%, P<0.05), and external drainage (non-CME vs CME: 38.8% vs 77.8%, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between patient with and without CME regarding the use of gas tamponade and the lens status. In patients with more extensive RD (macular detachment plus RD of more than 3 clock hours before surgery), 8 of 68 patients had CME after SB and only older age and external drainage factors were associated with CME.ConclusionsThe risk factors associated with CME after SB were older age, more extended RD, macular detachment, and external drainage. External drainage should be used with caution in older patients with more extensive RD.

Clinical and pathologic observation of uveal metastatic carcinoma

Objective: To observe the clinical and pathological features of uveal metastatic carcinoma. Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. The clinical manifestation, growth pattern, tumor types and relative pathological features of 13 patients visiting from January 1980 to December 2014 with uveal metastatic carcinoma in Tianjin Eye Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were 13 cases, 6 cases of male and 7 of female. Age was from 37.0 to 66.0 years old. The mean age was 52.1 years old. all cases were monocular. There were 5 cases with right eye and 8 cases with left eye. Among 13 cases, 10 tumors were in posterior choroid, one tumor was in anterior choroid and ciliary body, 2 tumors were in the iris. There were 5 patients with lung cancer, 4 patients with breast cancer, 1 patient with prostate cancer, 1 patient with thyroid cancer and 1 patient with esophageal cancer. The primary tumor wasn't found in 1 patient. The rapid decrease of visual acuity showed in 10 patients with posterior choroidal metastatic carcinoma, 8 of them accompanied with extensive retinal detachment and 6 of them had secondary glaucoma. The multiple gray-white nodule or pink cauliflower mass on the papillary margin of iris were showed respectively in 2 patients with iris metastatic carcinoma. The pathological examination found that posterior choroidal metastatic carcinoma mainly located in temporal or nasal side choroids in 10 cases, among them, local or diffuse flat choroidal masses showed in 6cases, extensive mass involving choroid and ciliary body showed in 1 case, large nodular or globular choroidal mass showed in 2 cases, choroidal mass surrounded the optic disc in 1 case, optic nerve invasion showed in 3 cases and extraocular or orbital invasion showed in 3 cases. The scleral and subconjunctival invasion showed in 1 case of anterior choroid and ciliary body metastatic carcinoma. Conclusions: Uveal metastatic carcinoma manifested various growth pattern, the rapid decrease of visual acuity, flat or nodular choroidal solid mass, secondary retinal detachment and glaucoma were common clinical features. Some cases might invade extraocular or orbital tissue. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2016, 52: 769-774).

Extensive Serous Retinal Detachment after Photodynamic Therapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

Copyright © 2016 The korean retina society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 맥락막혈관병증에 대한 광역학 치료 후 발생한 광범위 장액망막박리 Extensive Serous Retinal Detachment after Photodynamic Therapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

Phacoemulsification in High Myopia with Silicon Filled Eye

High myopia is a pathologic condition which has different anatomy from emmetropic eyes. The elongated vitreous chamber were increasing the shear stress of vitreous and retina, giving risk to several vitreoretinal disorders especially retinal detachment (RD). The extensive and complicated RD that happened in high myopic eyes make pars plana vitrectomy with silicon oil (SO) tamponade more preferable. Unfortunately, treatment of RD in high myopic eyes, especially with SO increase the incidence of cataract. The incidence of cataract in SO filled eyes is nearly 100% if the SO remains for several times. This paper reviews these issue, presenting the way to treat cataract in high myopic SO filled eye effectively with combination of phacoemulsification and SO removal with IOL implantation, helped with the usage of IOL Master. Â Keywords: phacoemulsification, high myopia, silicon filled eye