Extensive Agricultural Land Research Articles

The Main Areas of Development of Organic Agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Republic of Kazakhstan has good potential for developing environmentally friendly agricultural production: extensive agricultural land, a large number of farms, and interest in producing environmentally-friendly products. These factors determined the relevance of the study, the main purpose of which was to investigate the main areas of the development of organic agriculture in Kazakhstan. The statistical data and reports of Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations were analyzed; logical and empirical methods were used; a survey of consumers and producers of environmentally-friendly products in Kazakhstan was conducted. This paper shows the main trends in the development of the organic sector in Kazakhstan and in the world in general. Studies have shown a growing tendency of organic production in the world, however, many countries are still in their infancy regarding this trend. At the moment, the world's land under organic agriculture is 74.9 million hectares, but in Kazakhstan, since 2016, there has been a reduction in such areas. In 2020, they amounted to 114 thousand hectares or 0.1% of all farmland in the country, which is associated with the coronavirus pandemic and the global economic crisis. According to the international organisations Research Institute of Organic Agriculture and International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement, in 2020, out of 190 countries of the world, Kazakhstan entered the lists of 50 producing countries and 20 exporting countries of organic agricultural products, and the export of these products amounted to about EUR 9 million. It is concluded that the necessary conditions for the introduction of ecological agriculture are gradually being created in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which would improve the economic situation of the country. The practical significance of the study was to conduct a sociological survey of consumers and producers of ecological agricultural products in four regions of Kazakhstan to identify the state and main areas of development of the domestic market of organic agriculture

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Drought in Central Asia from 1981 to 2020

Drought is a meteorological phenomenon that threatens ecosystems, agricultural production, and living conditions. Central Asia is highly vulnerable to drought due to its special geographic location, water resource shortages, and extreme weather conditions, and poor management of water resources and reliance on irrigated agriculture exacerbate the effects of drought. In this study, the latest version of the Global Land Data Assimilation System was employed to calculate the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index at different time scales during the period from 1981 to 2020. The varimax Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function was applied for subregional delineation of drought patterns in Central Asia, and various methods were employed for a comparative analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought in these Central Asian subregions. The results show that drought patterns vary considerably in the Central Asian subregions. Over the past 40 years, alternating wet and dry conditions occurred in Central Asia. North Kazakhstan experienced more drought events with lower severity. East and west differences appear after 2001, the west becoming drier and the east becoming wetter. Some regions near lakes, such as Balkhash, Issyk-Kul, and the Aral Sea, suffer from droughts of long duration and high severity. In the Tianshan region, droughts in the northern slopes occur more frequently, with shorter durations and higher intensity and peaks. Northwestern China and western Mongolia have extensive agricultural land and grasslands with highly fragile ecosystems that have become progressively drier since 2001.

ANALYSIS OF THE SUFFICIENCY OF PADDY PRODUCTION TO FULFILL THE NEEDS OF THE POPULATION IN PADANG CITY YEAR 2020 TO 2025

This study aims to see; changes in the use of agricultural land (rice fields), population growth, the carrying capacity of lowland rice agricultural land to meet the food needs of the population, and projecting food needs (rice) for the residents of Padang City from 2020 to 2025 as well as analyzing the level of food sufficiency (rice) based on land change patterns agriculture, then see how the growth rate of food production and population growth rate in the city of Padang. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. Spatial data is processed by Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and demographic formulas process population data. The land's carrying capacity is obtained from the comparison between available land, production, and population. The results of this study indicate the shrinkage of the agricultural land area of 100.86 ha/year. The most extensive agricultural land depreciation range occurred from 2010 to 2011. The population growth ratio of Padang City between 2000-2010 was successfully reduced to 1.57 per year, with a population increase of 112,779 people or 15.64%. The population growth of Padang City is in the range of 1.57 and is not supported by the growth of lowland rice production. In 2025, the city of Padang is still classified as a class III region (σ < 1) or an area that has not been able to meet its own food needs (self-sufficiency). Land shrinkage and a decrease in harvested area and productivity have caused the carrying capacity of paddy fields in Padang City to continue to decline.Keywords: Sufficiency, Rice Production, Population Needs

Benefits and Effectiveness of Automatic Farmer Pest Repellent

Indonesia is one of the countries that is famous for its extensive agricultural land so it is not surprising that Indonesia is called an agrarian country. In addition, most of the population earns a living as farmers, but this does not make Indonesia the largest rice producer in the world. Apart from that, farmers in Indonesia have difficulty dealing with pests that make them suffer losses due to crop failure. This study aims to explain the benefits and effectiveness of an automatic tool that can repel farmer pests, especially rats and birds. In this tool there is a Passive Infrared Receiver sensor that functions to detect the presence of farmer pests, then the servo motor will activate the bell, and pull the bell to produce a sound that scares birds and mice. The mechanism is controlled by a microcontroller, namely Arduino ATmega 2560. This tool is an innovation from previous technologies so that farmers' problems regarding farmer pests can be solved easily.

THE POTENTIAL TO DEVELOP APICULTURE FOR ENHANCING RURAL COMMUNITIES’ LIVELIHOODS: EXPERIENCES FROM SAME DISTRICT IN TANZANIA

The importance of apiculture to the improvement of rural livelihoods and the condition of ecosystems cannot be overemphasized. However, globally, the level of beekeeping is still low. Therefore, it is important to examine the potential to develop apiculture, the extent of beekeeping, and the factors for practicing it in various places. This study explores these themes, focusing on Same District in Tanzania. Two wards with apparently great potential to engage in beekeeping were purposefully selected, and one village was selected from each ward. Structured and in-depth interviews were conducted and remote sensing and geographic information system were deployed to obtain the land cover map indicating the potential to develop apiculture. It was found that Same District has enormous potential to develop apiculture, including, forests, which cover 17,430 hectares, equivalent to 2.8% of the district’s total area, woodland, which covers 65,358 hectares (10.5% of the total area) as well as extensive agricultural land and water bodies. Further, a good road network makes the district more potential to apicultural development. Despite this state of affairs, only 9.5% of the respondents were beekeepers. Low practicing of beekeeping is attributed to limited knowledge, bees’ aggressiveness, lack of capital and lack of access to suitable areas to situate beehives. Moreover, lack of modern beekeeping skills, conflicts, deforestation, bees’ absconding behaviour, and drought hinder the apiculture development. Therefore, it is recommended that farmers be educated on modern beekeeping and environmental management practices to improve bee forage.

EU microbial pest control: A revolution in waiting

Recent evaluations of the microbial biological control sector indicate that implementing microbial control of pests is still slow in the EU. The top causal factors are the lengthy, expensive, and cumbersome two-stage procedure for approval of biological agents as active substances at the EU level and authorization of formulated products at the national level, limited funding, lack of EU level integrated approaches, and slow implementation of integrated pest management. This article contributes to a better understanding of the factors that limit microbial control of pests in EU agriculture by providing the first evaluation of the evolution of microbial biological control agent (MBCA) EU-level approval combined with that of microbial biological control product (MBCP) national-level authorization, discusses recent trends in research and offers some policy recommendations. By 2020, the EU had caught up with the USA regarding research output, approved MBCAs, and MBCA approval procedures (first stage). Despite improvements from 2014 to 2019, the number of authorized MBCPs (second stage) has progressed slowly and unevenly across the EU. Significant progress is concentrated in countries with more extensive agricultural land and higher research intensity. The EU's focus on promoting more sustainable agriculture by increasing the availability of low-risk pesticides of biological origin as alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides has gained traction in recent years. Nevertheless, more efforts to improve the capacity and expertise of laggard EU Member States to contribute to the approval of MBCA, authorization of MBCP, and stimulating market availability are needed. Furthermore, we recommend introducing more concrete measures to promote the adoption of the microbial control of pests in the National Action Plans for the sustainable use of pesticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Landscape Changes of Rural Protected Landscape Areas in Czechia: From Arable Land to Permanent Grassland – From Old to New Unification?

Abstract The Czech rural landscape is a subject of research because it is affected by both intensification and extensification of land cover. This landscape was influenced in recent decades by political and socio-economic changes; we studied how these changes were reflected in the land cover development in protected areas. We selected ten Protected landscape areas (PLAs) with a significant share of open agricultural landscape and focused on land cover changes from the 1950s till the present with four milestones (1950s, 1990, 2004-2006, 2016-2019). Based on vectorised land cover data, analyses of land cover changes, land cover flows and landscape structure were performed. More than one third of the studied area had changed. Forests dominated and enlarged its extent (from 39 % to 47 %); land cover flow (LCF) from arable land to permanent grassland was the largest process during study period (17% of study area) and it expanded after 1990. Other major LCF is forest spreading on permanent grassland (5 %) and arable land (3 %). Trends of landscape metrics describing landscape structure are ambiguous and differ between PLAs. In total, Shannon’s diversity index (SDI), Shannon’s evenness index (SEI), and Mean Patch Size (MPS) increased and Number of Patches (NumP) decreased. SDI and SEI show improvement through time; however increasing anthropogenic areas are considered as factor contributing to this positive trend, despite the negative role of these categories in ecological stability. MPS and NumP show ongoing homogenization and unification of the landscape; however it differs between PLAs, with some having more favourable conditions and trends towards higher landscape heterogeneity. To conclude, homogenous landscape structure remains present in Czech rural PLAs; however, there has been a huge shift to more extensive agricultural land cover, which is similar to some European protected areas.

Study of Use of Cable Cars as a Logistics Support to Rural Area in Garut, West Java

Cable cars as a means of transporting goods and passengers have been applied in several countries. Cable cars can reach areas with difficult terrain to reach so as to support logistic systems for rural areas that have hard-to-reach terrain. The southern district of Garut Regency has extensive agricultural and plantation land and terrain that is quite difficult to reach so that the installation of cable cars will be able to provide the community with ease in transporting agricultural products. The existence of a cable car that has been installed in Sutenjaya Village, Lembang will facilitate development because it can be used as a pilot project.Cable cars as a means of transporting goods and passengers have been applied in several countries. Cable cars can reach areas with difficult terrain to reach so as to support logistic systems for rural areas that have hard-to-reach terrain. The southern district of Garut Regency has extensive agricultural and plantation land and terrain that is quite difficult to reach so that the installation of cable cars will be able to provide the community with ease in transporting agricultural products. The existence of a cable car that has been installed in Sutenjaya Village, Lembang will facilitate development because it can be used as a pilot project.

Study Of Land Use Changes With Spatial Approach Sukoharjo District, Pringsewu Regency

Changes in land use in each region have different cases, one of which occurred in Sukoharjo District. Sukoharjo District is one of the areas that has quite extensive agricultural land. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2018, the area of Sukoharjo District is 72.95 km 2 with an area of 1,068 ha of paddy fileds. However, in line with the increasing standard of living and opening up opportunities to create job opportunities and build public facilities, the need for land will increase. This research was conducted in Sukoharjo District, Pringsewu Regency. This research was conducted in the Sukoharjo District at Pringsewu Regency. The research conducted in order to (1)the changes in the use of paddy fields to settlements in 2014-2019,(2) the causative factors of changes in the use of paddy fields to the settlements, and (3) the changes pattern of the paddy fields. This research use survey research method that conducted in the Pringsewu Regency. The data collection technique was in the formed of observation, documentation, and interview. The data analysis that was conducted in this research was spatial approach analysis techniques. The results of this research show that: (1) in 2014-2019 in the Sukoharjo District, there was a change in the use of paddy fields became settlements in the rang of 11,48 ha. (2) The causative factors of changes in the use of paddy fields to the settlements consist of physical factors and non physical factors. (3) The settlement pattern elongated that follow the road.

Southern introgression increases adaptive immune gene variability in northern range margin populations of Fire-bellied toad.

Northern range margin populations of the European fire‐bellied toad (Bombina bombina) have rapidly declined during recent decades. Extensive agricultural land use has fragmented the landscape, leading to habitat disruption and loss, as well as eutrophication of ponds. In Northern Germany (Schleswig‐Holstein) and Southern Sweden (Skåne), this population decline resulted in decreased gene flow from surrounding populations, low genetic diversity, and a putative reduction in adaptive potential, leaving populations vulnerable to future environmental and climatic changes. Previous studies using mitochondrial control region and nuclear transcriptome‐wide SNP data detected introgressive hybridization in multiple northern B. bombina populations after unreported release of toads from Austria. Here, we determine the impact of this introgression by comparing the body conditions (proxy for fitness) of introgressed and nonintrogressed populations and the genetic consequences in two candidate genes for putative local adaptation (the MHC II gene as part of the adaptive immune system and the stress response gene HSP70 kDa). We detected regional differences in body condition and observed significantly elevated levels of within individual MHC allele counts in introgressed Swedish populations, associated with a tendency toward higher body weight, relative to regional nonintrogressed populations. These differences were not observed among introgressed and nonintrogressed German populations. Genetic diversity in both MHC and HSP was generally lower in northern than Austrian populations. Our study sheds light on the potential benefits of translocations of more distantly related conspecifics as a means to increase adaptive genetic variability and fitness of genetically depauperate range margin populations without distortion of local adaptation.

MOTIVASI PETANI DALAM ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN PISANG MENJADI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN SIPORA SELATAN, KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

This research entitled Motivation of Farmers in Changing the Function of Banana Land to Rice Paddy in South Sipora District, Mentawai Islands Regency, West Sumatra Province. The imbalance in meeting the increasing needs of the population and changing consumption patterns in the community requires extensive agricultural land to fulfill food and housing which results in land conversion. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of motivation of farmers and the factors that influence the motivation of farmers in the conversion of banana land to lowland rice. This research uses a descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach. Methods of data collection using questionnaires and methods of data analysis using a Likert scale and multiple linear regression. The results of the research showed that the motivation level of farmers in changing the function of banana land to lowland rice was very high, namely 83.62%, while the results of multiple linear regression on the factors that influenced the conversion of banana land to lowland rice, obtained the following equation Y = 14.321 + 0.736 X 1 + 0.510 X2 - 0.463 X 3 + 0.525 X 4 - 0.514 X 5 + 0.578 X 6 - 0.406 X 7. A further test using t-count shows that the factors that have a significant effect on the motivation of farmers in the conversion of banana land to lowland rice are age (4.482), education (2.419), income (-3,379), availability of production facilities (3,764), government policy (-3,059), the role of extension workers (2,838) and agricultural production (-2,515).It is predicted that the conversion of banana land to lowland rice is one solution to meet the availability of food security in Kep. Mentawai, West Sumatra.

Kegiatan Kesenian dan Penyuluhan Informasi Terkait MCK di Sungai di Desa Pandowan

Pandowan Village is one of the most populous villages located in Galur District, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. This village is a village that has various potentials ranging from nature, society to very interesting arts. This is evidenced by the existence of 8 art activities that are divided into each village, and the event of Reog Pandu Budaya (Ramayana Story) was held in this Pandowan Village. In addition, Pandowan Village also has extensive agricultural land and is fed by rivers for irrigation of the rice fields, however, the existence of parties carrying out MCK in the river will eventually pollute the river and of course have a bad impact on the health of the community around Pandowan Village. Thus, the writing of this KKN Journal Papers discusses these 2 topics. The data collection method used is literature study and the data collection process is through websites, journals, previous reports and carried out online. Our observations show that Pandowan Village has a lot of excellent potential and deserves to be developed. KKN is a place for students to develop their competencies and as a place to contribute to the surrounding community.

Agricultural land use curbs exotic invasion but sustains native plant diversity at intermediate levels

Unveiling the processes driving exotic plant invasion represent a central issue in taking decisions aimed at constraining the loss of biodiversity and related ecosystem services. The invasion success is often linked to anthropogenic land uses and warming due to climate change. We studied the responses of native versus casual and naturalised exotic species richness to land uses and climate at the landscape level, relying on a large floristic survey undertaken in North - Eastern Italy. Both climate and land use drove exotic species richness. Our results suggest that the success of plant invasion at this scale is mainly due to warm climatic conditions and the extent of urban and agricultural land, but with different effects on casual and naturalized exotic species. The occurrence of non-linear trends showed that a small percentage of extensive agricultural land in the landscape may concurrently reduce the number of exotic plant while sustaining native plant diversity. Plant invasion could be potentially limited by land management, mainly focusing on areas with extensive agricultural land use. A more conscientious land management is more and more commonly required by local administrations. According to our results, a shift of intensive to extensive agricultural land, by implementing green infrastructures, seems to be a win–win solution favouring native species while controlling the oversimplification of the flora due to plant invasion.

A Change in Foraging Preference of Honey Bees and Plant Diversity during the Last Decade: A Case Study from Lucknow City, India

The expansion of cities around its rural suburbs in recent years is changing the landscape very fast due to human activities planned for their benefit in varied ways. The economically important plants and agri-pharmacoculture have been in focus during recent years. Two decades back the study area (Chinhat, Lucknow city extension, India) was an open, marshy land with a large perennial ox-bow lake (Kathauta tal) of the river Gomti which now flows through the middle of Lucknow city. During the last decade, this extensive agricultural land has changed to a posh urban set-up. The honey samples were collected from beehive in Amity Institute campus and in adjoining areas of Kathauta tal, Chinhat to unravel the foraging pattern of honey bees with the help of its pollen content illustrating the plant resources in the vicinity and for evaluating its forensic application. The pollen spectra of honey reveals more than 50 plant taxa accounting to 60% of trees and the honey produced here is multifloral type. An agri-pharmaco industry was explored in the area with high percentage of Cichorum intybus and Tinospora cordifolia pollen in honey samples. We discuss here the potentials of melissopalynology as a quick, low-cost and highly reliable technique in understanding the pattern of reforestation and reclamation in urban areas, honey quality and its applicability in monitoring the activities of urban human.

WATER CARRYING CAPACITY BASED ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN URBAN AGRICULTURE OF PALU

Urban agriculture grows increasingly in tropical countries. It develops not only to feed the growth of the population but also to provide green space, biodiversity, and recreational landscaping. However, developing urban agriculture is facing the problem of water provision. This study examines the existence of agricultural land in Palu, investigates the distribution of agricultural land use in each district, and analyzes the status of environmental carrying capacity for provisioning water. The environmental carrying capacity for provisioning water was assessed based on ecosystem services analysis. The total area of agricultural land in Palu is 5,892.06 ha or about 16.52% of the total area, which spreads in all districts. Three districts recorded have the more extensive agricultural lands, Mantikulore, Tawaeli, and North Palu, of each, has 2188.12 ha (14%), 1090.89 ha (18.51%), and 723.88 ha (12.29%) respectively. The status of water carrying capacity ranged from moderate to high levels, covering an area of ​​5,189.95 ha or 88.08% of the total area of ​​agricultural land. The low carrying capacity of water provision covers ​​689.31 ha or about 11.84% of the total agricultural land. The district of West and South Palu calculated to have the highest carrying capacity. However, both districts experienced a decrease in agricultural land space due to urban development. This study's finding contributes to essential data for relevant authorities in decisions making for sustainable development of urban agriculture in Palu.

Spatially Varying and Scale-Dependent Relationships of Land Use Types with Stream Water Quality.

Understanding the complex relationships between land use and stream water quality is critical for water pollution control and watershed management. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between land use types and water quality indicators at multiple spatial scales, namely, the watershed and riparian scales, using the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. GWR extended traditional regression models, such as OLS to address the spatial variations among variables. Our results indicated that the water quality indicators were significantly affected by agricultural and forested areas at both scales. We found that extensive agricultural land use had negative effects on water quality indicators, whereas, forested areas had positive effects on these indicators. The results also indicated that the watershed scale is effective for management and regulation of watershed land use, as the predictive power of the models is much greater at the watershed scale. The maps of estimated local parameters and local R2 in GWR models showcased the spatially varying relationships and indicated that the effects of land use on water quality varied over space. The results of this study reinforced the importance of watershed management in the planning, restoration, and management of stream water quality. It is also suggested that planners and managers may need to adopt different strategies, considering watershed characteristics—such as topographic features and meteorological conditions—and the source of pollutants, in managing stream water quality.

Disinfecting technology of Camellia sinensis L inoculants through in vitro culture

Leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant is a very economically valuable commodity and can be applied to various fields. Such as in the fields of agriculture, food and beverage and medicine. The problem that is found in the land area is the presence of plants that are more than tens of years old that need to be plant rejuvenated. Rejuvenation with grafting and cutting techniques is strongly influenced by the climate and extensive agricultural land. To overcome this problem, in vitro culture techniques are applied as an effort to conserving/producing plant seeds that are free of disease pests, controlled environments and with narrow land or laboratory scale. This research aimed to determine the inoculant of Camellia sinensis which gave the best results on the disinfecting through in vitro culture technique. The method used in the research was using two types of inoculants, they are shoot buds and young shoots in the disinfecting process, and each process was repeated fifteen times. The results obtained were that the disinfecting of Camellia sinensis plants with shoot bud inoculants showed the lowest level of contamination with the number of growing inoculants close to 85 percent in twelve weeks of inoculant harvesting.

Изучение особенностей сельскохозяйственных угодий с использованием цифровых моделей рельефа

The article highlights the stages of work during which the impact of individual terrain properties on arable farming was identified. The possibility of using digital elevation models (DEM) to identify those characteristics that can have a significant impact on such lands was studied. Findings have been made about the relationship between these features and the sites, and their place among other arable land features has been determined. The initial step was to select the baseline data for the area under study and obtain it in the form we needed. Here, techniques for automated DEM acquisition are being developed. At the next stage, individual terrain characteristics, complexity of their acquisition and ranking by importance for this methodology were considered and analyzed. At the final stage the analysis of agricultural lands, their connection with the relief and its characteristics was carried out, practical conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made based on them. It should be noted that the study area — the Vindrei River basin — is very illustrative for showing the advantages of the technology being developed. Its territory is occupied both by extensive agricultural land and forest areas. During the development of the methodology it was important to demonstrate the possibilities of using the technology in the field of nature management and improving economic efficiency of the area.

Hydrometeorological Drought hazard and vulnerability assessment for Northern Bulgaria

In recent years, threats of natural origin, including those associated with the occurrence of drought is a topic that arouses interest in representatives of local government agencies, federal governmental authorities, scientific communities and residents of cities and villages. A significant part of the economy of Northern Bulgaria is agricultural, which increases the need for careful water management and planning. The aim of this study is to identify the drought hazard with regard to its spatial extends, frequency and severity and to assess the vulnerability to drought in Northern Bulgaria at the regional scale (NUTS-2). The standardized precipitation index (SPI), Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) at 12-month time step for the period 1961-2012 were used to obtain drought hazard index (DHI). In order to assess drought vulnerability, Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI) was calculated based on the following parameters: population density, municipal water use, industrial water use, agricultural water use, and public water services. The results of the study show low DHI values and homogeneous distribution of drought hazard in the North part of Bulgaria. However, the drought vulnerability in the investigated area is very high due to the higher consumption of water by industry, municipal water supply, and extensive agricultural lands. Our results provide an elaborated understanding of the drought hazard and drought vulnerability and will be helpful as an early step in the development of risk-based drought management plans.

Soil and regional characteristics of paddy field in Ngoro Sub- district, Mojokerto, Indonesia: Understanding Land Use Change

The Ngoro sub-district has an extensive and productive agricultural land. The rice production of the studied area formerly was 6.02 ton MDG/ha, but recently only 0.70 ton MDG/ha. The study aims to characterize the soil and regional aspects of the studied area. The study was conducted in three villages: Sedati, Kembangsri and Candiharjo. There were three sample points determined based on differences in depth used for physical and chemical analysis of soil. Based on the laboratory analysis, the soils were considered as fertile and there were no problems in terms of physics or soil chemistry. Problems that can be identified were regional aspects. Based on the analysis of the alignment of land use with the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) shows that 39.8% were aligned, 59.4% transitions, and 0.8% were out of alignment. Although inconsistency was very small, what needs to be considered is the transition. Transition is land whose use is still possible to be adjusted to the RTRW. The area of transitional land can be indicated as an opportunity for changes in current land use due to adjusting to the RTRW. The agricultural sector is the widest sector that has the opportunity to convert into industry and settlements. High land values due to adequate infrastructure also trigger changes in land use.