Extensive Work Research Articles

Investigating the influence of cerium doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnNiMgFe2-xCexO4 soft ferrites

The present work reports the optical, structural, and electrical properties of cerium-doped Zn0.6Ni0.2Mg0.2Fe2-xCexO4 soft ferrites by green synthesis method that unwrap transformative insights and find technological applications through X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV visible spectroscopy and IV-point probe techniques. Ferrites with different cerium concentrations (x = 0.0, 0.0250, 0.0375) show an enormous difference in the optical, structural, and electrical behavior of the ferrites. The crystallite size increases to 46.9 nm, with a concomitant increase in lattice constants up to 8.550 Å for x = 0.0375. A similar structural shift was noticed in X-ray and bulk densities from 5.031 to 4.982 g/cm³ and 3.83 to 3.97 g/cm³, respectively. The optical explorations revealed a remarkable bandgap reduction from 2.768 eV to 2.758 eV improving the utility of the material substantially in magneto-optic devices. Conversely, the refractive index increases from 2.420 to 2.423, and the imaginary dielectric constant goes up from 10.654 to 10.667, giving a herald of advancement in photonic technologies. Electrically, the study marks a drastic reduction in DC resistivity from 1.95 × 105 to 6.13 × 103 ohm-cm with the Ce doping, which indicates higher conductivity suitable for telecommunication. This extensive work on Ce-doped soft ferrites now opens up newer avenues of applications in electronics and magneto-optics, blending scientific inquiry with practical utility.

Effect of nano-silica on the flexural behavior and mechanical properties of self-compacted high-performance concrete (SCHPC) produced by cement CEM II/A-P (experimental and numerical study)

The extensive use of cement exacerbates the greenhouse effect by increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. So, many standards recommend using Portland-composite cement in construction as one of the methods for reducing CO2 emissions, especially cement CEM II/A-P. This paper presents an extensive experimental and numerical study to investigate the effect of micro and nano-silica on the flexural behavior and mechanical properties of Self-Compacted High-Performance Concrete (SCHPC) produced by cement CEM II/A-P. The extensive experimental work consisted of eight mixtures: three with micro-silica (MS), four with nano-silica (NS), and a reference mixture without silica. For both MS and NS, different percentages of adding or replacement content were tested to study their effect on the following: (a) the workability of fresh concrete, (b) concrete compressive strength, (c) splitting tensile strength, (d) flexural behavior including flexural tensile strength, and (e) the optimum percentage of each of the MS and NS to get the maximum structural and economic benefits of using for SCHPC with CEM II/A-P. Also, through a statistical program, these experimental results were used to obtain accurate formulae that could predict both the splitting tensile strength (fsp) and modulus of rupture (fctr) for SCHPC with adding nano-silica. In addition, the numerical study verified the experimental results based on the finite element program ANSYS. The flexure behavior of SCHPC beams is verified using the Microplane model (recently added to ANSYS). The experimental results showed that adding NS is more effective than replacing or adding MS for SCHPC mixture with CEM II/A-P to increase the concrete compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural tensile strength, especially for the mixture with adding NS content of 4 %. The numerical results showed the ability of the coupled damage-plasticity microplane model to simulate the flexural behavior of the tested SCHPC beams with MS or NS well. This research confirms nano-silica's structural and economical efficiency in the behavior of SCHPC beams. It was found that the optimum percentage of adding NS is 4 % for SCHPC mixtures with CEM II/A-P.

Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with maize, and their relationship with soil properties in southern and southwestern Ethiopia

Summary Maize is an important cereal crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Plant-parasitic nematodes significantly impact maize production. However, research on maize nematodes in SSA is limited. The current study aimed to assess the occurrences and densities of nematodes associated with maize and to assess the correlation of some soil physicochemical properties with nematodes in southern and southwestern Ethiopia. One hundred and eighty-six soil and root samples were collected from 62 maize fields (31 from Hawassa Zuria and 31 from Mana districts). Eleven plant-parasitic nematode genera were identified. The most important genera of plant-parasitic nematodes identified were Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus, followed by Helicotylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus. The nematodes Pratylenchus and Criconemoides were significantly and positively associated with pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic matter (SOM). Additionally, Tylenchorhynchus, Pratylenchus and Rotylenchulus were significantly positively correlated with soil available phosphorus (SAP). However, Criconemoides and Meloidogyne had a strong negative correlation with soil bulk density (SBD). This study provides useful baseline information on maize-associated nematodes, and will be useful for agricultural policy makers, private farmers, non-governmental organisations and agricultural extension workers enabling them to establish sustainable maize nematode management strategies.

Implementing Zonal Aquaculture Innovation Platforms in Uganda: Key Lessons Learned

Uganda’s aquaculture sub-sector is rapidly developing, contributing up to 22% of all fish produced in the country. However, the sub-sector still faces challenges related to limited access to extension services, production inputs, post-harvest handling facilities, disease incidences, value-addition skills and weak market linkages. Although there have been isolated interventions at different aquaculture value-chain nodes, the registered challenges continue to recur. To address prioritized issues in Uganda’s aquaculture sub-sector, nine zonal aquaculture innovation platforms were established based on the country’s nine agro-ecological zones. These platforms brought together different stakeholders to identify solutions to common problems in each aquaculture value-chain node. Each innovation platform consisted of fish farmers, hatchery operators, traders, extension workers, researchers, input dealers, local leaders, and financial institutions. During a series of zonal workshops, participants identified constraints to the aquaculture sub-sector in their respective zones. From the findings, there are technical knowledge gaps across the entire aquaculture value chain mainly affecting hatchery operators, input suppliers, and farmers. Therefore, there is need for coordinated interventions to enhance access to production technologies, innovations, knowledge, and skill transfer to promote gender-centered aquaculture development.

Evaluating diabetes care in primary healthcare centers in Abuja, Nigeria: a cross-sectional formative assessment

IntroductionNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are associated with high and rising burden of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the leading causes of NCD-related deaths worldwide and is a foremost public health problem in Nigeria. As part of National policy, Nigeria has committed to implement the World Health Organization (WHO) Package of Essential Non-communicable Disease interventions for primary care. Implementing the intervention requires the availability of essential elements, including guidelines, trained staff, health management information systems (HMIS), equipment, and medications, in primary healthcare centers (PHCs). This study assessed the availability of the DM component of the WHO package, and the readiness of the health workers in these PHCs to implement a DM screening, evaluation, and management program to inform future adoption and implementation.MethodsThis cross-sectional formative assessment adapted the WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool to survey 30 PHCs selected by multistage sampling for readiness to deliver DM diagnosis and care in Abuja, Nigeria, between August and October 2021. The SARA tool was adapted to focus on DM services and the availability and readiness indicator scores were calculated based on the proportion of PHCs with available DM care services, minimum staff requirement, diagnostic tests, equipment, medications, and national guidelines/protocols for DM care within the defined SARA domain.ResultsAll 30 PHCs reported the availability of at least two full-time staff (median [interquartile range] = 5 [4–9]), which were mostly community health extension workers (median [interquartile range]) = 3 [1–4]. At least one staff member was recently trained in DM care in 11 PHCs (36%). The study also reported high availability of paper-based HMIS (100%), and DM screening services using a glucometer (87%), but low availability of DM job aids (27%), treatment (23%), and national guidelines/protocols (0%).ConclusionThis formative assessment of PHCs’ readiness to implement a DM screening, evaluation, and management program in Abuja demonstrated readiness to integrate DM care into PHCs regarding equipment, paper-based HMIS, and nonphysician health workers' availability. However, strategies are needed to promote DM health workforce training, provide DM management guidelines, and supply essential DM medications.

Factors Affecting the Performance of Fisheries Extension Workers in Improving the Class of Fish Farming Groups in East Java

Factors Affecting the Performance of Fisheries Extension Workers in Improving the Class of Fish Farming Groups in East Java

Farmer Group Information System at the Jombang Regency Agriculture Service

The Jombang Regency Agriculture Service is one of the Regional Government Apparatus. The Agriculture Service has the task of assisting the Regent in government affairs and the Regional Government's authority in agriculture. In this case study, the following problems were found: the existence of agricultural extension workers whose performance was poor due to the lack of systematic monitoring. This study aimed to build an Information System for Agricultural Development Patterns in Jombang Regency. The results obtained were in the form of increased agricultural competitiveness in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. With the sipotan system, the agriculture service can track, monitor, and identify regional potential by agricultural extension workers. With the sipotan system, it can be seen which extension workers are performing well and which are not.

The Influence of Medial and Lateral Forefoot Height Discrepancy on Lower Limb Biomechanical Characteristics during the Stance Phase of Running

Previous research has predominantly focused on the biomechanical effects of anterior–posterior foot motion during running, with comparatively less attention given to medial–lateral foot motion and its impact on lower limb biomechanical characteristics. We recruited 18 healthy runners who wore five different types of running shoes: regular shoes (NS), those with a 6 mm and 9 mm medial–lateral height difference in the forefoot (M6, M9), and those with a 6 mm and 9 mm lateral–medial height difference (L6, L9). Biomechanical parameters of lower limb joints during the stance phase of running, including range of motion, peak angular velocity, peak moment, power, and work, were analyzed. We used paired-sample t-tests and one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM1D) to compare joint biomechanics between shoes with varying height differences and NS. Under the L6 condition, notable differences occurred in the hip and knee flexion–extension moments during landing and push-off, accompanied by a significant increase in ankle dorsiflexion work and a significant decrease in inversion–eversion work. In contrast, the M9 condition resulted in decreased hip flexion–extension peak moment, power, and work in the sagittal plane. These findings indicate that varying forefoot medial–lateral height differences in running shoes significantly impact lower limb joint dynamics during the stance phase, particularly the L6 condition, potentially reducing knee injury risk and aiding gait improvement for overpronators. The findings offer valuable insights for sports injury prevention and athletic footwear design. However, further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and practical implications for sports injury prevention and performance enhancement.

Anti-IgG Doped Melanin Nanoparticles Functionalized Quartz Tuning Fork Immunosensors for Immunoglobulin G Detection: In Vitro and In Silico Study.

The quartz tuning fork (QTF) is a promising instrument for biosensor applications due to its advanced properties such as high sensitivity to physical quantities, cost-effectiveness, frequency stability, and high-quality factor. Nevertheless, the fork's small size and difficulty in modifying the prongs' surfaces limit its wide use in experimental research. Our study presents the development of a QTF immunosensor composed of three active layers: biocompatible natural melanin nanoparticles (MNPs), glutaraldehyde (GLU), and anti-IgG layers, for the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Frequency shifts of QTFs after MNP functionalization, GLU activation, and anti-IgG immobilization were measured with an Asensis QTF F-master device. Using QTF immunosensors that had been modified under optimum conditions, the performance of QTF immunosensors for IgG detection was evaluated. Accordingly, a finite element method (FEM)-based model was produced using the COMSOL Multiphysics software program (COMSOL License No. 2102058) to simulate the effect of deposited layers on the QTF resonance frequency. The experimental results, which demonstrated shifts in frequency with each layer during QTF surface functionalization, corroborated the simulation model predictions. A modelling error of 0.05% was observed for the MNP-functionalized QTF biosensor compared to experimental findings. This study validated a simulation model that demonstrates the advantages of a simulation-based approach to optimize QTF biosensors, thereby reducing the need for extensive laboratory work.

Safeguarding, uncertainty and new possibilities: an appreciative inquiry into personal adviser’s relational practice with care leavers

Purpose An appreciative inquiry process was collaboratively undertaken with an inner city local authority and personal advisors where systemic social work practice was embedded. The purpose of this study is to explore how systemic social work principles could be integrated into the support of young adults leaving the care system, especially when safeguarding concerns exist. Design/methodology/approach Three fortnightly, reflecting team-style, appreciative inquiry workshops explored the integration into practice of systemic concepts under the themes of safeguarding, uncertainty and new possibilities. Findings Within the contexts of the organisation, other agencies and the relationship, six paired themes emerged: learning and navigating; positioning and risk-taking; and feeling and engaging. Core systemic concepts, such as self-reflexivity and mutual influence, can enable personal advisers to use themselves and their relationship with care leavers as a context for change. Considering responses to risk from different family member positions may support holding greater levels of uncertainty. Seeing resilience as a process rather than a personal attribute enabled personal advisors to think about how they connected with care leavers through shared life experiences, fostering narratives of hopes and dreams where new possibilities abound. Research limitations/implications Appreciative inquiry is generally seen as a defined model for implementing large organisational changes; this study comprised a small sample group, and the model’s application was less defined. Originality/value A gap exists in the extensive care leaver research, addressing safeguarding and working systemically. A conceptual model for practice is offered, with potential utility in developing further systemically informed training and supervision for practitioners. A less structured and more relationally engaged model for appreciative inquiry is presented.

Effects of Ionic Interferents on Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction: Mechanistic Insight.

Nitrate, a prevalent water pollutant, poses substantial public health concerns and environmental risks. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate (eNO3RR) has emerged as an effective alternative to conventional biological treatments. While extensive lab work has focused on designing efficient electrocatalysts, implementation of eNO3RR in practical wastewater settings requires careful consideration of the effects of various constituents in real wastewater. In this critical review, we examine the interference of ionic species commonly encountered in electrocatalytic systems and universally present in wastewater, such as halogen ions, alkali metal cations, and other divalent/trivalent ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-/CO32-, SO42-, and PO43-). Notably, we categorize and discuss the interfering mechanisms into four groups: (1) loss of active catalytic sites caused by competitive adsorption and precipitation, (2) electrostatic interactions in the electric double layer (EDL), including ion pairs and the shielding effect, (3) effects on the selectivity of N intermediates and final products (N2 or NH3), and (4) complications by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and localized pH on the cathode surface. Finally, we summarize the competition among different mechanisms and propose future directions for a deeper mechanistic understanding of ionic impacts on eNO3RR.

Assessing the environmental performance of green mortgage‐backed securities

AbstractThe green bond market is growing substantially, bringing with it a focus on economic and environmental performance. Yet while extensive work exists examining the former, there is little concrete evidence regarding the efficacy of green bond use‐of‐proceeds. Concurrently, the demand for ESG‐compliant investments provides an opportunity to direct capital toward the rehabilitation of one of the most energy‐intensive asset classes: real estate. One program in this space, the Fannie Mae Green Rewards green bond program, offers incentives to borrowers to increase multifamily building energy and water efficiency. Although all program participants must complete a set of preapproved projects targeting energy and water efficiency within 12 months of loan origination, there exists substantial variation in the realization of postorigination efficiency outcomes, and in the variation between projected and actual efficiency improvements. We find that fixed interest rates and supplemental financing loan structures are associated with postorigination energy efficiency improvements, as are newer, larger, and high‐quality assets. However, the ex ante estimates of efficiency savings provided to prospective investors prove unrelated to the efficiency outcomes. These findings highlight opportunities to improve program transparency and calibration across the green bond universe.

Analisis SWOT sebagai Strategi dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Pegawai Pemerintahan

This research aims to formulate strategies that must be implemented for performance development by analyzing the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats through analysis on the Government. This research is qualitative descriptive research with a SWOT analysis method that aims to improve the performance of Government employees. Data collection is carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results and discussions that have been carried out previously, the author concludes that: the strategy used to improve employee performance is the SO (Strengths–Opportunities) strategy, actions that can be taken in the strengths strategy by increasing competence, extensive work experience and high competence. Meanwhile, the opportunities strategy is with the development of new technology that can improve work efficiency and reduce costs, the availability of quality human resources that can strengthen the work team.

Red-Wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus): A Traditional Rain Forecaster for Tribal Farmers of Southwestern Rajasthan

Abstract An intensive survey was carried out over the past 8 years in tribal-dominated areas of southwestern Rajasthan to document red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) behavior as a rain forecaster, relevant to farm planning and better crop production. The present study included tribal farmers, agriculture scientists, extension workers, ornithologists, and farm workers. The precision of their observations was compared with a contemporaneous study of 10–15 red-wattled lapwing nests across the 46-ha operational area of the Agricultural Research Sub-Station (ARSS) and Adaptive Trial Center (ATC), Sumerpur, Pali, Rajasthan (25.1526°N latitude, 73.0823°E longitude). Local knowledge was gathered through surveys and focus group discussions with the respondents to discuss lapwing behavior as a rain prediction indicator. Meteorological data were gathered from the ATC farm observatory. The findings revealed that the older tribal farmers have an assortment of knowledge about the behavior of red-wattled lapwing as rain prediction indicators such as nesting sites, egg position, egg arrangement, nesting material, numbers of eggs, and egg-laying patterns. These predictions have a direct correlation with modern meteorological observations. It was also noted that the elder tribal farmers planned their farms using lapwing indicators in order to increase crop production, whereas younger generations overlook the traditional rain prediction indicators and have significant knowledge about meteorological data-based weather forecasting. Both the elder and younger tribal farmers were equally interested in meteorological weather forecast announcements, but due to network connectivity challenges, residents in some remote places were unable to access modern meteorological information. Long-term accurate rain forecasting is needed for better agricultural planning and to secure crop production. Rain forecasting can be improved by blending modern meteorological information with traditional proven indications. Farmers who have considerable traditional knowledge along with modern technological updates are capable of using both sources of information in suitable and successful farm planning for better crop production. Significance Statement The purpose of this study is to examine red-wattled lapwing behavior as rain measurements and compare its reliability with modern rain forecasting methods. We also develop a theoretical framework for understanding traditional and modern rain forecasting methods for disaster management in remote and accessible areas, to assist resource management and to minimize costs of cultivation. Our results provide a guideline for blending both types of knowledge and for providing relevant information to remote tribal areas at appropriate times for better farm planning and crop production.

Community contexts and knowledge: accountability, leadership and meaningful involvement of communities in Programme Science.

A Programme Science approach that prioritizes populations who will benefit most and ensuring resources are allocated to programmes that meet the needs of those populations will bring an equity focus to research. Gay men and other men who have sex with men, people who use drugs, sex workers of all genders, and trans and gender-diverse people, defined by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) as key populations, have been disproportionately impacted since the start of the HIV pandemic. Through documenting community experiences from global key population-led networks, the authors explore the potential value and impact of community-led organizations and service delivery as critical components in effective HIV and Sexually Transmitted infections (STI) programmes. Through advocacy and research interventions, global key population networks have identified barriers against scaling up interventions for criminalized and marginalized communities, as well as highlighted solutions. The authors examine some of the current barriers to meaningful involvement of communities and the scaling up of community-led programmes that need to be addressed if Programme Science is to maintain an equity lens and the needs of key populations are to be met and highlight the need to make visible community engagement and participation in embedded research and Programme Science. The Programme Science approach provides an important opportunity to understand practical issues that will increase effective coverage in the implementation of public health and other interventions, which will require the prioritizing of key populations and their priorities in HIV and STI programmes. It will require extensive time and work to build relationships, increase capacity and share power. Where this has already happened, it has resulted in positive outcomes, including better health outcomes, reduced stigma, increased agency for key populations, and built community-led organizations and responses.

Novel data interpretation method for DIII-D divertor retarding field energy analyzer with 3-D particle-in-cell simulations.

A novel data interpretation process that utilizes comprehensive particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations is developed for the new retarding field energy analyzer (RFEA) currently being constructed at DIII-D for the lower divertor using the Divertor Material Evaluation System. This probe is expected to survive a heat load of up to 100 MW/m2 for up to 5s and reliably measure the main ion temperature (Ti) on the divertor target ranging from 10 to 200 eV. These extreme conditions posed significant engineering limitations on the probe geometry, thus extensive validation work has been performed. The conventional fitting method for the RFEA I-V characteristics is based on a simplified 1-D model without considering the ion space charge inside the probe cavity and may not be sufficient for probes designed for the DIII-D divertor environment. In this article, a more realistic description of the particle propagation process within the RFEA cavity is achieved by including both 3-D geometric effects and ion space charge in the PIC simulations, and the capability to reconstruct the ion energy distribution functions is demonstrated with reasonable consistency.

Perception of Agricultural Extension Workers to Importance of Conservation Agriculture Technology Nineveh Governorate

Perception of Agricultural Extension Workers to Importance of Conservation Agriculture Technology Nineveh Governorate

Mkrtich Sargsyan’s Fairytale-Novel “Brave Nazar”

The re-evaluation and new interpretations of the characters of positive and negative heroes in folklore are not new in the Armenian and world literature. Armenian greatest writers Hovhannes Tumanyan, Avetik Isahakyan, Derenik Demirchyan, Stepan Zoryan, Hamastegh and others have touched on the character of Brave Nazar. As a talented novelist, Mkrtich Sargsyan was deeply aware of the responsibility he undertook by writing an extensive work, a fairy tale-novel, which has been highly appreciated in the literary world. Mkrtich Sargsyan created many toponyms corresponding to the places of residence and the behavior of the heroes: Sarsaghstan, Talanstan, as well as proper names: Pespes, Dghird, whore Pepush, folklore singer Aigun, Azatuni, Varduni, Khrokhtuni, playwrights Chkunyan, Tsakhkuni, actor Nmanakyan playing the role of Nazar. Nazar is not a one-faced character: on the one hand he is a coward, lazy, boastful peasant who gradually becomes a king, adopting typical behavior of a cruel, bloodthirsty ruler, sometimes as an intelligent king though. The characters of women in Nazar’s life are interesting: the virtuous, intelligent, beautiful woman Nazan, who transforms in the palace, and the whore Pepush, who eventually seduces Nazar. Sargsyan’s interpretations of the philosophy of fear are also interesting. There are almost no secondary characters in the fairy-tale novel, all of them have their justified roles in Nazar’s life. Pespes and Dghird are also among them. Nazar’s armor and flag are also notable. Mkrtich Sargsyan’s work is also rich in brilliant use of language imagery and expressive means.

PENGARUH PERILAKU KOMUNIKASI PETANI TERHADAP PENGENDALIAN HAMA DAN PENYAKIT PADI SAWAH DI DESA PANGAN JAYA KECAMATAN LAINEA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

This study aims to determine the communication behavior of farmers and control of pests and diseases in paddy rice plants and their influence. The population in the study was all wet-rice farmers in Pangan Jaya Village, Lainea Sub-district, South Konawe Regency, which had 350 farmers. The research sample was determined as much as 10% of the population, so the sample in this study amounted to 35 people. The sample was taken using Simple Random Sampling (simple random sampling). Data collection methods use survey techniques, interviews, and documentation by utilizing research media in questionnaires. The research used a quantitative approach in its completion. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis with the help of class interval formula and simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the communication behavior of rice paddy farmers for information seeking, contact with extension workers, and exposure to mass media had been in the high category. This can be seen in farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and skills, each in the high category. Chemical pest and disease control carried out by wetland rice farmers is in the high category. The communication behavior of wetland rice farmers has a positive and significant effect on chemical pest and disease control.

Pemberdayaan Penyuluh Agama Islam Dalam Peningkatan Pelayanan Keagamaan Di Kecamatan Simpang Ulim Kabupaten Aceh Timur

This research aims to evaluate the Joint Decree of the Minister of Religion and the Head of the State Civil Service Agency Number 574 of 1999 and Number 178 of 1999 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of the Functional Position of Religious Counselors and Their Credit Scores. Factors that encourage and hinder Islamic Religious Counselors in carrying out their duties and functions. Assessing the implementation of the duties of Islamic Religious Counselors in the community. This research with a gradual approach was carried out using interview data collection methods, FGDs, and documentation studies. Field data collection was carried out from April to May 2023 in Simpang Ulim District, East Aceh Regency. The research results show that Islamic Religious Counselors understand the contents of Decree Numbers 574 and 178 of 1999, but have not consistently implemented them in their duties. The Indonesian Ministry of Religion's empowerment of extension workers is still very limited so that its human resources are very limited and not very ready when dealing with a more dynamic society. So far, the number of Islamic religious instructors has not been comparable to the population in Simpang Ulim District, East Aceh Regency. Monitoring from the central Ministry of Religion to extension workers and the target community is not carried out so the results cannot be known in the community. Then, the facilities and infrastructure prepared by the government are very limited, thus hampering the performance of extension workers in the field.