Extension Participation Research Articles

Relationship of Farmer’s Profile with the Extent of Use of ICTs by the Farmers and Effectiveness of ICTs in Accessing Agricultural Information

Background: This study was conducted to examine the relationship of farmer’s profiles with the extent of use of ICTs by the Farmers and the effectiveness of ICTs in accessing agricultural information. Methods: Ex-post-facto research design were used in this investigation and we have selected total of 1400 farmers from different districts of Gujarat. We studied the relationship between socio-economic and extent of use of ICTs for accessing agricultural information. Result: It observed that the association between education, extension participation, Training received, Mass media exposure, Information source accessibility, Innovativeness, Social participation and Economic motivation were found positively and highly significant with the extent of use of ICTs. The education, extension participation), Training received, Mass media exposure, Information source accessibility, Innovativeness, Social participation and Economic motivation were found positively and highly significant with the effectiveness of ICTs.

Livelihood Enhancement of Scheduled Caste Farmers through Integrated Farming System in Kolar District, India

The study was conducted in purposively selected Kolar district, a total sample of 353 respondents were purposively selected for the study. Data was collected by using pretested structured interview schedule and analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools. The results revealed that a majority of the respondents belonged to low category of mass media exposure, medium category of education, livestock possession, cosmopoliteness, extension participation, social participation, scientific orientation, risk orientation, training undergone followed by high category of cropping pattern, innovativeness, management orientation, level of aspiration, participation in the developmental programmes, willingness towards IFS, access to extension personnel and access to resources. Livelihood Security of respondents in ‘highly satisfied category’ increased to 37.96 per cent from 28.33 per cent out of seven dimensions, maximum increase was noticed in economic efficiency (52.71%). The personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics such as cropping pattern, livestock possession, risk orientation, training undergone, access to extension personnel and access to resources had positive and significant relationship with livelihood security. The multiple regression value indicated that all the 18 independent variables had contributed to the tune of 23.20 per cent of variation in livelihood security of the respondents. The results pertaining to economic analysis indicated that BC ratio has been increased to 2.98 from 1.93 in crop component and with respect livestock component BC ratio was found to be enhanced to 3.18 from 1.93 after the implementation of the project. Hence, the concerned development departments should organize the demonstrations, trainings, field days, exposure visits etc., to educate the farmers about IFS. The positive and significantly related characteristics need to be considered while selecting the farmers for the extension educational programmes to enhance their livelihood security.

Elevating Sugarcane Farming: Effects of Certified Seed Adoption on Production and Income in East Java, Indonesia

The use of certified seed is essential for sugarcane agricultural intensification method, emphasizing input quality improvements. In this context, varietal validity has the potential to increase sugarcane output volumes and ensure quality variations. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the variables affecting farmers' decisions on seed varieties, output, and revenue. The type of data used was cross-sectional with a sample of 1,763 respondents, consisting of 303 and 1,460 adopter and non-adopter farmers, respectively. Propensity score matching and logistic regression were the analysis methods used. The results showed that farmers' age, number of workers, land ownership status, extension participation, and partnerships significantly influenced the decisions in selecting seed types. Significant variations in output, gross income, total expenses, net income, and net earnings were also reported using statistical test analysis, with certified seed adopters having higher profits. In this context, young farmers should be targeted to promote the use of certified seed, provide sufficient labor support for intensive farming, ease access to land, and enhance persuasive messages about partnership benefits. Moreover, ensuring the continuity of production and distribution was important to maintain reasonable seed prices and facilitate farmers' access.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELECTED PROFILE OF THE POTATO GROWERS AND THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF BENEFICIARY FARMERS ABOUT POTATO PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

The present study was undertaken in KVK at Deesa of Banaskantha district. Out of 14 talukas Banaskantha District seven talukas falls under the jurisdiction of KVK, Banaskantha-I (Deesa). Among the seven talukas four taluka was purposively selected on the basis of maximum numbers of activities carried out by KVK. From each selected talukas three villages were selected purposively on the basis of maximum numbers of beneficiary farmers. A comprehensive list of the beneficiary potato growers of each adopted village was obtained from KVK. From this list, ten beneficiary potato growers from each village were selected randomly for the study. Thus, 120 beneficiary potato growers were selected for the study. To know the impact of KVK, the same numbers of non beneficiary potato growers were selected randomly from same villages. Thus, altogether 120 beneficiary and 120 non beneficiary potato growers were selected for the study. Thus, total 240 potato growers were selected. Among the selected variables, the variable viz., education, extension participation, source of information, scientific orientation, risk orientation, economic motivation and attitude had exerted positive and highly significant relationship while farming experience, size of land holding, occupation, yield and social participation had positive and significant relationship. Whereas, age exerted negative and non-significant relationship and annual income had positive and non-significant relationship with knowledge level about potato production technology.

LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF SCHEDULED CASTE FARMERS THROUGH INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM

The study was conducted in purposively selected Chickballapura district, a total sample of 271 respondents was purposively selected for the study. Data was collected by using structured pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The results indicated that, majority of the respondents belonged to medium level of education, cropping pattern, livestock possession, mass media exposure, extension participation, training undergone and access to resources followed by high level of social participation, management orientation, level of aspiration, participation in development program and willingness towards IFS and low level of cosmpoliteness, innovativeness, scientific orientation and access to extension personnel. It was observed that livelihood security of respondents in highly satisfied category increased to 35.79 per cent from 27.31 per cent after implementation of the project. Out of seven dimensions, employment security increased by 39.35 per cent, living amenities increased by 30.82 per cent, coping strategies against stress increased by 30.75 per cent, ecological security increased by 30.00 percent, economic efficiency increased by 28.95 per cent, assets increased by 25.71 per cent and social equitability increased by 24.41 per cent. Overall scores of livelihood security indicated 30.23 per cent increase after implementation of project. The average gross income of Rs.1,03,264 from both crop and livestock enterprises of IFS against Rs.6,956 before implementation of the project. In total they could realize about Rs.70,300 net profit by adopting intercropping and livestock components in IFS. As such, for every one rupee invested under IFS they got 3.13 rupee income. Hence, the concerned development departments should organize the demonstrations, trainings, field days, exposure visits etc., to educate the farmers about IFS. The positive and significantly related characteristics needs to be considered while selecting the farmers for the extension educational programmes in order to enhance their livelihood security.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INLAND FISH FARMERS' ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCE AND THEIR PROFILE

The present investigation, meticulously designed and carried out in the Anand district of middle Gujarat, utilized the 'Ex-post Facto' research design, renowned for its robustness and credibility. The researcher obtained a list of Inland fish farmers from the office of the Assistant Director of Fisheries Anand and KVK, Devataj, and based on availability, 150 Inland fish farmers from the Anand district were selected randomly. The independent variables, including age, education, experience in inland fish farming, extension participation, scientific orientation, and fish farming commitment, had a positive and significant relationship with the entrepreneurial competence of inland fish farmers. Despite the rigorous design, the remaining nine variables failed to show a substantial relationship with their entrepreneurial competence.

UTILIZATION PATTERN OF ICT TOOLS AMONG POTATO GROWERS TO FACILITATE APPROPRIATE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES

In the heartland of Banaskantha, Gujarat, a digital revolution is quietly unfolding as potato growers embrace the transformative power of ICT tools, paving the way for enhanced agricultural practices and a promising future in farming. The study highlights the promising role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in enhancing agricultural practices for potato growers. The study was purposively conducted in the potato-growing region, comprising 150 respondents. Out of 9 independent variables six were significant. Education and Landholding were significant at a 1% level, where p=0.002 and p =0.005, respectively. Attitude towards ICT was significant at a 5% level, and Extension participation, Laggard, and Debt were significant at a 10% level. There was no severe multicollinearity issue. Creating a favourable atmosphere for ICT tool acceptance among potato growers can significantly improve agricultural practices. Using ICT technologies in potato farming has enormous promise for sustainable and efficient agricultural practices, resulting in higher yields and improved farmer livelihoods. Most farmers used ICT tools for weather information, Market information, Various Govt. Schemes, Latest Package of Practice and Disease and Pest Management.

Perception of tribal farmers towards KVK scientists

The present investigation was conducted in Chikhaldara and Dharni taluka of Amravati district (Vidarbha region) of Maharashtra state. The main objective of the study was to assess the relationship between the profile of the tribal farmers with their perception towards KVK scientists.Apre-structured interview schedule was used to collect data from 120 tribal farmers from 10 villages which were selected by usingex-post facto design of the social research during 2022-2023. The statistical methods such as frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation and correlation were used. The data of research study show that variables namely age, farming experience, size of land holding and annual income were negatively non-significant with perception of tribal farmers. The variables education and training received were found positive and significant level of probability of 0.01 with perception of tribal farmers toward KVK scientists.While variable namely extension participation, mass media exposure and innovativeness were positively significant with perception of tribal farmers at 0.05 level of probability.

Socio-economic Profile of Fruit Crop Growers of Karnataka and Their Relationship with Entrepreneurial Behaviour

The study was conducted in Vijayapura district of Karnataka during 2020 to study the socio-economic profile of fruit crop growers and their relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour. Forty each grape, lime and pomegranate growers were selected by use of simple random sampling technique. Thus, making a total sample size of 120. The statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage and chi square test were used to draw valid inferences. The findings revealed that more than two fifth (42.50%) of the fruit crop growers belonged to middle age group, one fourth of them had middle school education, nearly half (48.33%) were practicing crop production as main occupation, more than two fifth (43.33%) of them were found to have medium sized family, more than one third (37.50%) of them had medium experience in fruit crop cultivation, nearly half (49.17%) of the fruit crop growers were small farmers, 35.00 per cent of them were found under medium income category. More than two fifth (43.33%) of them were found to have medium level of social participation, 40.83 per cent of them had medium level of mass media exposure, extension participation and deferred gratification, 45.00 per cent of them had medium level of value orientation, two fifth (40.00%) had medium level of self-reliance and more than one third (35.00%) of them belonged to medium level of cosmopoliteness.

RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PARTICIPATION OF PHYSICAL THERAPY FACULTY MEMBERS IN THE PRESENCE OF INTRINSIC-EXTRINSIC MOTIVATORS AND RELATED CRITERIA IN PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS

Introduction: The three thrusts of the Commission on Higher Education revolve around instruction, research, and extension. Performance appraisals (PA) have been utilized in various forms in different organizations, with the expected outcome of excellent employee performance. However, despite its utilization in universities, research and extension-related criteria seem to be limited in the appraisals. The study aimed to determine the following: (1) the likelihood of research and extension participation if related criteria are included in the PAs of physical therapy faculty members; (2) the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and research or extension participation; (3) factors that are implemented or not by HEIs to enhance faculty engagement. Methods: A mixed method design was utilized, with dominance of quantitative over qualitative data. Seventy-five full-time faculty members of Physical Therapy programs responded to the survey. Data were collected for six months using the Google Form online questionnaire. Spearman Rho and descriptive statistics were used to examine the results. Responses to open-ended questions were manually grouped into categories using thematic analysis. Results: The research showed that physical therapy faculty members are more likely to participate in research and extension activities if related criteria are included in the appraisals. Further, the study revealed a significant relationship between the intent to participate in research and extension-related activities and intrinsic motivation, but it did not indicate an association when correlated with extrinsic motivation. Professional development is a strong intrinsic motivator. Discussion: The inclusion of research and extension-related criteria in performance appraisals and consideration of intrinsic motivators must be considered by academic institutions to encourage faculty members to participate in research and extension activities. The author recommends maximizing the positive effects of performance appraisals by providing clear expectations to faculty members. Furthermore, intrinsic factors may serve as powerful motivators and, therefore, should be thought of to encourage participation. A strong, robust, well-supported policy centered on the organization’s vision, mission, and goals is necessary for successful implementation.

Improvement in Livelihood Security of Scheduled Caste Farmers through Integrated Farming System in Hassan District of Southern Karnataka, India

The study was conducted in the purposively selected Hassan district, a total sample of 223 respondents were purposively selected for the study. Data was collected by using pretested structured interview schedule and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The results revealed that, a majority of the respondents belonged to low category of education level, land holding, cropping pattern, livestock possession, innovativeness, mass media exposure and extension participation and then followed by medium category of cosmopoliteness, training undergone, willingness in agriculture and high category of social participation, level of aspiration and risk orientation. The Livelihood security of respondents in ‘highly satisfied category’ increased to 34.98 per cent from 23.77 per cent after implementation of the project. There was an improvement in livelihood security after the implementation of the project, out of seven dimensions, maximum increase was noticed in employment security (50.62%) followed by living amenities(49.86%),economic efficiency(40.89%),ecological security(39.82%), social equitability (35.56%),assets(35.37%)and coping strategies against stress (22.39%).Further, the characteristics such as land holding, cropping pattern, livestock possession, cosmopoliteness, innovativeness, mass media exposure, extension participation, level of aspiration, training undergone and willingness in agriculture had positive and significant relationship with livelihood security. The findings conveyed that six independent variables such as land holding, cropping pattern, innovativeness, extension participation, level of aspiration, training undergone had contributed significantly to livelihood security of farmers. The R2 value indicated that all the 13 independent variables had contributed to the tune of 64.40 per cent of variation in livelihood security of the respondents. The results pertaining to economic analysis indicated that BC ratio has been increased to 3.26 from 1.84 in crop improvement and livestock components after the implementation. Hence, the concerned development departments require to organize the demonstrations, trainings, field days, exposure visits etc., to educate the farmers about IFS. The positive and significantly related characteristics needs to be considered while selecting the farmers for the extension educational programmes in order to enhance their livelihood security.

Forcasting of relationship between university extension and social participation in social and solidarity economy: the case of the Rural Territory Collegiate of Ilha Grande Bay (RJ)

Resumo A relação entre economia social e solidária (ESS) e gestão social (GS) no caso do colegiado territorial rural da baía da Ilha Grande (Colegiado BIG) abrange atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. A questão de pesquisa é a influência da GS na ruptura dos ciclos de “inserção e desmantelamento” das políticas públicas de ESS (Silva, 2021). O objetivo é analisar a escalabilidade da ESS no contexto do Colegiado BIG, tendo como objetivos intermediários estabelecer referências para pensar as categorias teóricas da GS e qualificar um campo de relações entre ESS e GS. A hipótese é construir um pacto pela sustentabilidade do território baseado na disponibilidade de água, com contrapartida em pagamentos por serviços ambientais (PSA), configurando uma moeda social. O eixo teórico-metodológico é a discussão das categorias teóricas da GS, do campo do poder e da análise relacional. A metodologia foi a utilização da pesquisa de campo participativa, com as ferramentas da prospectiva. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistem em retrospectiva do marco legal das políticas ambiental e da influência dos movimentos sociais nas políticas de desenvolvimento territorial. A análise dos resultados comporta 4 sessões: variáveis-chave da gestão colegiada na BIG desde o desmantelamento das políticas do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário (2000-2016); relações entre comunidades tradicionais e organizações de extensão universitária; cenários do pacto pela sustentabilidade do território com referência nos ODS; verificação na prática das categorias da GS. A resposta à questão de pesquisa está configurada no paradigma da gestão social em pagamentos por serviços ambientais.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DAIRY FARMERS’ CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR ADOPTION OF CLEAN MILK PRACTICES

Socio-personal characteristics of the respondents viz- age, education, farm experience, Size of family, herd size, land holding, annual income, extension participation, source of information, risk orientation, economic motivation was studied. A multistage, purposive and random sampling technique was selected for the study. The present investigation was carried out in North Gujarat. Three districts of North Gujarat viz., Banaskantha, Sabarkantha and Mehsana were purposively selected for the study. From each selected district, three talukas and two villages from each selected taluka were randomly selected for the study. Thus, eighteen villages were selected from the nine selected talukas. From each village, ten dairy farmers were randomly selected as respondents. Thus, total 180 respondents were selected for the study. The study aimed to understand the relationship between various independent variables and the extent of adoption of clean milk production practices among dairy farmers. The analysis revealed noteworthy relationships between independent variables and the extent of adoption. Education, extension participation, risk orientation, and economic motivation exhibited positive and highly significant associations with the adoption of clean milk production practices. Similarly, experience in dairy farming, herd size, annual income, and the source of information demonstrated positive and significant relationships with the extent of adoption. Conversely, the size of the family and landholding exhibited positive relationships with the extent of adoption, but these associations were non-significant. Age, on the other hand, displayed a negative and non-significant relationship with the extent of adoption, suggesting that older farmers were not significantly less likely to adopt clean milk production practices than their younger counterparts.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE PROFILE OF STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR LEVEL OF CONVERGENCE IN AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION SYSTEM

Convergence is being made to achieve the common objectives and mutual benefits between partners for targeted project, programmes and /or schemes, where both are sharing their values and outcomes. The present study was carried out in seven districts of South Gujarat during 2020. The six types of stakeholders were playing pivotal role in AIS hence the list of each type of stakeholder were obtained from the concerned authorities. A simple random sampling method was adopted to obtain respondents sample size. Thus, 30 researchers, 50 extensionists, 30 In-charge of NGOs, 30 managers of private agencies, 50 owner of agro-service providers and 50 progressive farmers were selected. All the 240 stakeholders were randomly selected. The statistical tools and method was used to analyze the data were frequency, percentage, arbitrary method and correlation of coefficient. The data represents that overwhelming majority (92.91%) of the respondents as stakeholders had poor to good level of convergence in AIS. The data also reveals that the age, communication ability, information seeking behaviour, mass media exposure, cohesiveness, stress management and management orientation had highly significant correlation with convergence among researchers in AIS. The data tells that the age, stress management and management orientation had highly significant correlation with convergence among extensionists in AIS. While, communication ability was significantly corelated with convergence among extensionists. The data reveals that the age, stress management and management orientation had highly significant correlation with convergence among in charge of NGOs in AIS. While, information seeking behavior, mass media exposure and cohesiveness were significantly corelated with convergence among in charge of NGOs. The data shows that the age, mass media exposure, cohesiveness, stress management and management orientation had highly significant correlation with convergence among manager of private agency in AIS. While, communication ability and information seeking behavior were significantly corelated with convergence among manager of private agency. The data reveals that the age, education, annual income, land holding, extension participation, innovativeness, mass media exposure, achievement motivation, cohesiveness and risk orientation had highly significant correlation with convergence among agro service providers in AIS. While, communication ability and information seeking behavior had significantly corelated with convergence among agro service providers in AIS.

KNOWLEDGE OF FARMERS REGARDING PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJANA

The present investigation was conducted to known knowledge level of farmers regarding Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). The study was conducted in North Gujarat. From North Gujarat, three districts and from each selected district three talukas were purposively selected. Five villages from each taluka and from each village eight crop insured farmers were selected randomly. Multistage sampling method was followed for selection of the crop insured farmers. Thus, total 360 crops insured farmers were selected as sample size. The data were collected through personal interview and it was compiled, tabulated and analyzed to get proper answer with the help of various appropriate statistical tools. From the result of the study it can be concluded that 58.89 per cent of crop insured farmers had high to very high level of knowledge regarding PMFBY. Age, education, land holding, annual income, economic motivation, decision making ability, social participation, source of information and extension participation were highly significantly related with level of knowledge level of farmers towards PMFBY.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND CONSTRAINTS FACED BY DAIRY FARMERS

Socio-economic status of farmer is the position of an individual on the socio economic scale, which is determined by a combination of social and economic factors such as education, income, occupation, herd size and milk production. The present study was conducted in Banaskantha, Sabarkantha and Gandhinagar district of North Gujarat. The data was collected from 180 dairy farmers from 18 villages of selected districts by personal interviewing. The result revealed that majority of dairy farmers were (78.89 per cent) in middle age group, (79.99 per cent) educated up to high school to graduate level, (81.67 per cent) were engaged in dairy farming along with agriculture, (70.00 per cent) had medium level of experience in dairy farming, medium level of knowledge and adoption about recommended animal husbandry practices. They had medium level of extension participation and mass media exposure and majority of them had received one training in a year regarding on scientific dairy farming. With regards to socio-economic characteristics the majority of dairy farmers (41.67 per cent) were in medium to big farmer category, (57.22 per cent) had small sized herd and economic motivation.

EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI KALIMANTAN TENGAH: PENDEKATAN STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS

<p>The strategy to increase rice production is crucial to maintain food availability. The agricultural land expansion program in Central Kalimantan through the food estate program is considered an inappropriate solution considering social, environmental, and land conditions. The agricultural intensification method in Central Kalimantan is the answer to increasing the productivity of existing agricultural businesses by increasing production efficiency. This research aims to analyze the technical efficiency of lowland rice farming and the factors that influence it in Central Kalimantan province. This research used secondary data from the 2014 Rice Plantation Household Survey from the Central Statistics Agency. The data was analyzed using the stochastic frontier production function with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). The research results show that rice farming in Central Kalimantan is technically inefficient. Factors influencing the technical efficiency of rice farming are farmer age, land type, planting system, agricultural facilities, extension, farmer groups, and SLPTT participation. The low level of technical efficiency of rice farming in Central Kalimantan is an indicator that must be utilized to increase rice production so that food availability can be well-maintained.</p>

Evaluation of personal, socioeconomic and psychological characteristics of FFS and non-FFS groundnut growers

The personal, socioeconomic and psychological characteristics play a vital role in planning any capacity building programmes to farmers. A study was conducted during 2012-13 to know the personal, socioeconomic and psychological characteristics of Farmer Field School (FFS) and non-FFS farmers of groundnut in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. There was no significant difference in farming experience and socioeconomic status was observed between FFS and non-FFS farmers of groundnut. Significant differences in extension participation, mass media exposure, innovativeness, achievement motivation, management orientation, economic orientation, information input behavior, information process behaviour and information output behaviour were observed between FFS and non-FFS farmers of groundnut.

Adoption Behavior among Farmers of Tamil Nadu towards District Agro-meteorology Unit (DAMU) Agro Advisory Services in Agriculture and Allied Sectors

An ex post facto research was undertaken during 2022 to assess farmers' adoption of District Agro-Meteorology Unit (DAMU) Agro Advisory Services (AAS) in Cuddalore, Ramnad, and Aruppukottai districts of Tamil Nadu with sample size of 180. Data was collected using a standardized questionnaire. DAMU offers specialized weather information to support local agricultural activities. The study revealed that 70 per cent of farmers fall into the "Medium" adoption category adopting weather-based timing for planting, harvesting, and irrigation. The respondents fully adopt the practice of scheduling sowing time using weather-based farm advisories (77.78%), 62.22 per cent adopt the practice of scheduling harvesting operations, illustrating a substantial majority using this approach to enhance efficiency and yield during crop harvesting and 56.67 per cent fully adopt the practice of scheduling supplementary irrigation. The farmers attributes viz., education status, annual income, extension agency contact, extension participation, mass media participation, information seeking behaviour, knowledge level and perception had shown a positive and significant correlation with the dependent variable adoption of DAMU services at one per cent level of significance. The study revealed that traits like media engagement, scientific thinking and information seeking are closely tied to DAMU AAS adoption, along with extension involvement, knowledge, and perception, contributing to a notable 68.30% variance in adoption.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHARACTERISTICS OF AWARDED FARMERS AND THEIR ENTREPRENEURIAL MAKEUP

The present investigation was carried out in 9 districts of middle Gujarat viz. Ahemdabad, Anand, Vadodara, Kheda, Dahod, Mahisagar, Panchmahal, ChhotaUdepur and Botad which fall under the jurisdiction of Anand Agricultural University and the study revealed that amongst the sixteen independent variables, eight variables viz., education, social participation, market facility, farm media exposure, training received, extension participation, attitude and information seeking behaviour had positive and significant, while rest eight variables had non-significant relationship with entrepreneurial makeup of awarded farmers of Middle Gujarat. Out of sixteen independent variables, the variables viz., attitude, market facility, education and information seeking behaviour were acquainting influence on entrepreneurial makeup. Further, the path analysis of entrepreneurial makeup showed that attitude, extension participation and market facility were the key variables in exerting considerable direct, indirect and substantial effect on the entrepreneurial makeup of awarded farmers.