Extension Contractions Research Articles

Eco–Environmental Effects of “Production–Living–Ecological” Space Land Use Changes and Recommendations for Ecological Restoration: A Case Study of the Weibei Dryland in Shaanxi Province

As eco–environmental effects have become important considerations in the construction and planning of production, living, and ecological spaces, we used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the eco–environmental effects’ spatiotemporal evolution and present appropriate ideas for ecological restoration based on the land use data. The results show that during the research period both an improvement and degradation of the regional eco–environment occurred simultaneously. In the earlier period, the ecological environment tended to be worse, while in the later period, the eco–environmental quality was dramatically enhanced. Pasture ecological land in the study area had the strongest positive impact on the eco–environmental quality, while the negative effect of agricultural production land was severe. The quality of the regional eco−environment was enhanced (degraded) due to the extension (contraction) of ecological land. The construction of an ecological environment is a complex engineering task. Although the eco−environment in most areas of the study area showed an improving trend, the overall eco–environment remains relatively fragile. In the course of supporting high–quality regional social and economic growth and pursuing high–level environmental preservation strategies, we should take corresponding measures to protect and repair the regional ecological environment.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Perpanjangan Kontrak Kerja Karyawan PT.Nexwave Jakarta Menggunakan Metode SAW

The extension of the employee's employment contract is one of the important aspects that affect the performance and motivation of employees to do better at work. The problem of extending the employment contract of employees at PT. NexWave, namely the assessment is still done manually, there are no standard criteria in determining employees who are entitled to have their work contracts extended, and the decision-making process is not based on a solid basis. The method using Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method and was built with the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as the system design. The programming language used is the PHP framework codeigniter and database using MySql. The test used is Black Box Testing. This research produces a decision support system that can be used in an easy, structured, and computerized manner by setting standard criteria, and a special method, namely the SAW method. The result of the decision is clearer because it can be separated based on the results of the assessment, namely the value of ?0,7 the employee's employment contract can be extended, while <0,7 the employee's employment contract cannot be extended.

Unintentional force drifts in the lower extremities.

We explored the phenomenon of unintentional force drift seen in the absence of visual feedback during knee extension contractions in isometric conditions. Based on the importance of knee extensors for the anti-gravity function, we hypothesized that such force drifts would be slower and smaller compared to those reported for the upper extremities. We also explored possible effects of foot dominance and gender on the force drifts. Young healthy persons produced isometric knee extension contractions to different levels, ranging from 15 to 25% of maximal voluntary contraction force, with the help of visual feedback, and then, the visual feedback was turned off. Force change over the time interval without visual feedback was quantified. In the absence of visual feedback, force drifted to smaller magnitudes. The drift magnitude expressed in percent of the initial force magnitude was smaller for smaller initial force levels, ranging between 8 and 15% of the initial force for the initial force magnitude of 15% and 25% of maximal voluntary contraction force. The time exponent of the force drift was independent of the initial force magnitude and was, on average, 6.45s. There were no significant effects of foot dominance or gender, although the male subjects tended to show stronger scaling of the drift magnitude with the initial force level compared to the female subjects. The results show that unintentional force drift is a common phenomenon across limbs and muscle groups. This conclusion fits the theory of control with spatial referent coordinates and the general tendency of all natural systems to drift to states with lower potential energy.

Analisis Penentuan Karyawan Tetap Dengan Algoritma K-Means Dan Davies Bouldin Index

Developments Technological advances are things that cannot be avoided in this life because technological developments go hand in hand with advances in science. With the rapid development of technology today, of course it affects the work environment as well. Employees are one of the company's reasons for determining the continuity of business activities. Employee work contracts within the company are important and must be considered in order to achieve company goals. PT. Taewon Indonesia is engaged in paper production and has more than 300 contract workers, making it difficult to select or expel workers who are still suitable and meet the requirements of the contract extension process. Analysis of determining permanent employees is very important for companies to determine recruitment strategies and human resource development. This study analyzes the determination of permanent workers using two clustering algorithms, K-Means and Davies Bouldin Index. K-Means is used to collect employee data based on certain criteria, while the Davies Bouldin Index is used to measure the quality of clustering results. Of the 455 employee performance appraisal datasets, tests were carried out by determining 2 clusters and validation was tested with the Davies Bouldin Index. And the resulting -1.752. Based on the results obtained, it shows that the k-means algorithm can be implemented in clusters to determine permanent workers with fairly good validation results

Land Potential Analysis for Health Service Facilities (Puskesmas) in the Pinangsia Village, DKI Jakarta Province

Provision of Health Facilities is one of the government's mandates in ensuring public health in accordance with the 1945 Constitution article 34 paragraph 3 "The state is responsible for the provision of proper health service facilities and public service facilities" and Law No. 36 of 2009 article 15. Based on data from the Health Service it shows there are still health service facilities that operate not on land owned by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta. Government health services located on land with a lease or contract mechanism are very prone to experiencing problems such as contract extensions, permits, etc. Through a geographic information system, a model of the priority locations for the procurement of health services was developed to become a recommendation for the DKI Jakarta government. Based on the results of the analysis, the number of potential parcels obtained is 23 potential parcels which are dominated by potential parcels with priority category 2 with a total of 16 parcels, followed by priority category 1 with a total of 7 parcels

Assessment of muscle fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients in electromyographic examinations.

Although surface electromyography (sEMG) is the method used to assess muscle fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), no pattern of signal change has been established. The differences shown in the parameters of other neurophysiological tests between PwMS and control groups (CG) suggest the differentiation of the sEMG signal. The purpose of the study was to verify potential differences in the fatigue sEMG signal in PwMS compared to CG. Cross-sectional study. Chair and Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine. A randomised group of patients diagnosed with MS (30, 20-41 years). A random sample of young, healthy adults (median 28, 20-39 years). Measurement of sEMG was performed from extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and FCR (flexor carpi radialis) during 60-80% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of extension and then flexion for 60sec, accordance with the fatigue protocol in Research XP Master Edition software (v. 1.08.27). Root mean square amplitude (A<inf>RMS</inf>) were lower for muscle in the PwMS compared to the CG (ECR P=0.0001, FCU P<0.0001). In the CG, the A<inf>RMS</inf> value increases during fatigue contraction (ECR P=0.0003, FCU P<0.0001), while in the PwMS) the A<inf>RMS</inf> value decreases (ECR: P<0.0001, FCU P<0.0001. The PwMS show an opposite pattern of preservation of the absolute value of A<inf>RMS</inf> during prolonged contraction to fatigue, compared with healthy subjects. The results are important for clinical trials using sEMG to assess fatigue in PwMS. Knowledge of the differences in the time domain changes in sEMG signal between healthy subjects and PwMS is crucial for correctly interpreting the results.

Relationship between Isokinetic Trunk Muscle Strength and Return to Sports Competition after Conservative Therapy in Fresh Cases of Lumbar Spondylolysis: A Retrospective Observational Study.

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between isokinetic trunk muscle strength and return to sporting activities in fresh cases of lumbar spondylolysis treated with conservative therapy. Patients included a total of ten men (age: 13.5 ± 1.7) who were instructed by their attending physicians to stop exercising and who met the eligibility criteria. Isokinetic trunk muscle strength was measured immediately after exercising for the first time (First) and one month (1M). Flexion and extension and maximum torque/body weight ratio were significantly lower First compared to 1M at all angular velocities (p < 0.05). Maximum torque generation time was significantly lower for First at 120°/s and 180°/s than at 1M (p < 0.05). Correlations with the number of days to return to sports competition were detected at 60°/s for maximum torque generation time (p < 0.05, r = 0.65). Following conservative treatment for lumbar spondylolysis, it was considered necessary to focus on trunk flexion and extension muscle strength and contraction speed of trunk flexors at the beginning of the exercise period. It was suggested that trunk extension muscle strength in the extension range might be one of the critical factors for returning to sports.

Knee extensor force control as a predictor of dynamic balance in healthy adults

BackgroundPrevious research has demonstrated that force control in various muscles of the lower limb (measured according to the magnitude of force fluctuations) explains significant variance in static balance. Given the dynamic nature of many functional activities and sports, assessment of balance and its determinants under dynamic conditions is of importance. Research questionDoes muscle force control explain significant variance in dynamic balance, as measured using the Y balance test (YBT)? MethodsYBT performance and knee extensor muscle force control were measured in 28 healthy participants. The YBT involved stance on the right leg and attempting maximal reach with the left leg in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. Force control was assessed during isometric knee extension contractions of the right leg at 10%, 20% and 40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and was quantified according to the magnitude (using the coefficient of variation [CV]), and the temporal structure (using sample entropy, SampEn; and detrended fluctuation analysis α), of force fluctuations. ResultsSignificant correlations were observed for YBT anterior reach and muscle force CV (r = –0.44, P = 0.02) and SampEn (r = 0.47, P = 0.012) during contractions at 40% MVC. A subsequent regression model demonstrated that muscle force CV and SampEn at 40% MVC significantly explained 54% of variance in YBT anterior reach. Significant correlations were also observed for YBT posteromedial reach and MVC (r = 0.39, P = 0.043) and muscle force CV during contractions at 40% MVC (r = –0.51, P = 0.006). The regression model demonstrated that MVC and muscle force CV at 40% MVC significantly explained 53.9% of variance in YBT posteromedial reach. SignificanceThese results are the first to indicate that a moderate amount of variance in dynamic balance can be explained by measures of isometric force control.

Application of the Naive Bayes Method in the Classification of Employee Status at PT. Prosperous New Light

&#x0D; Sinar Baru Makmur In determining the extension of an employee's contract, it is taken from the results of an employee's performance appraisal, if the performance results are good or very good, a contract extension will be carried out. However, in determining the results of employee contract extensions there are still some subjective judgments, and family relationships that create gaps with other employees in determining the final outcome of the assessment. To avoid subjectivity in evaluating employee performance, this study created an application for evaluating employees by classifying them using the Naive Bayes method. Employee status classification application at PT. Sinar Baru Makmur is created using the Visual Basic .Net programming language. The application can help manage employee performance appraisal evaluation data and can also help provide recommendations for the eligibility of employee status whether to be extended or not renewed based on the classification results of the Naive Bayes Method.&#x0D;

A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship between Students' Final Grade and their Evaluation of Professors' Teaching in the Next Semesters

Student evaluation of professors is one of the common tools of universities to improve the quality of teaching in classrooms. Since in Iran's higher education system, student evaluations are used for annual promotion, contract extension or change of status, and the promotion of professors' scientific rank, the correct analysis and interpretation of the results of these evaluations is of foremost importance. This longitudinal research, which is a panel study, has analyzed the relationship between students' grades and their teacher's evaluation in the following semesters. The statistical population of the research was made up of more than 200,000 pairs of "Student's Final Grade-Teacher's Evaluation Grade" which were obtained from students in the conditions of face-to-face education before the pandemic. After conditioning and sifting the data, the final analysis has been done on the grades-evaluations of 3098 students during four semesters as a research sample. The regression analysis of the random effects model showed that with a one-unit increase in the final grade of the student, his/her evaluation grade of the teacher's teaching in the next semesters increases by about five percent. Additional analyzes showed that the grade can create a special mental attitude in the student, which can affect the student's evaluation of the professor even three semesters later. It seems that university administrators, educational councils, and university admissions boards should revise the guidelines for calculating and interpreting data from student evaluations, taking into account the various consequences of grade inflation at the university level.

Issues of Termination of Work Relations Due to Reaching the Age Limit

A number of changes to current legislation in recent years have been aimed at increasing the length of stay in the service of certain categories of civil servants. At the same time, such changes are associated with a number of problems concerning: a) the validity of the extension of work relations; b) the fate of the labor contract (contract extension or the conclusion of a new one); c) the grounds and procedure for termination of the contract; d) state guarantees upon termination of the contract in connection with reaching the age limit. The situation is aggravated by the lack of uniform regulation of these issues in different types of state and municipal service. The theoretical and methodological development of this topic is quite low. Most of the works related to the change in work relations have the subject of analysis of military service and specific problems related, for example, to gender aspects of securing the age limit. Directly on the grounds and procedure for terminating the labor contract (contract, employment contract) due to reaching the age limit, a small number of publications can be distinguished, which do not take into account later changes in legislation. To achieve the set tasks, both a general scientific dialectical method is used, which allows us to understand the duality of understanding the legal categories under consideration, as well as methods of formal logic, a comparative method, a system-structural method, etc. According to the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that it should be unequivocally fixed that the labor contract (contract, employment contract) is imperative terminated when employees reach the age limit. At the same time, it is allowed to extend this period, but not the labor agreement itself, therefore, a new labor contract (employment contract) of an urgent nature can be concluded with such a person. In conclusion, specific proposals are made to improve the current legislation.

Impact and mechanism of rural non-agricultural employment stability on farmland transfer contract extension of transfer-out households

Impact and mechanism of rural non-agricultural employment stability on farmland transfer contract extension of transfer-out households

The Mediating Effects of Relationship Fairness Between Franchisors’ Support Service and Performance in Food Service Franchises

This paper investigates the mediating effects of relationship fairness factors between franchisors’ support services and franchisees’ performance. Fairness is measured using constructs of distributive, procedure, interaction, and information, franchisors’ support service is divided into initial support services and continuous support services, and performance (re-contract intention) is measured using re-contract, contract extension, and recommendation. Our findings are fourfold. First, initial support service has a significant impact on other fairness concerns, excluding distributive fairness, and support service improvement can increase perceived fairness in the franchisor–franchisee relationship. Second, procedural, and informational fairness have a positive and significant impact on franchisees’ re-contract intention. This indicates that information sharing between franchisors and franchisees must be transparent in accordance with consistent established procedures. Third, only information fairness is found to have a partial mediating effect between continuous support services and performance, and continuous support service indirectly positively affects re-contract intention through relationship fairness. Fourth, there are differences between global and domestic franchises in the impact of continuous support services on relationship fairness, as global franchises’ continuous support service appears to have a greater effect on the relationship fairness, which should be considered for global competitiveness.

Extension–contraction transformation network for pancreas segmentation in abdominal CT scans

Accurate and automatic pancreas segmentation from abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans is crucial for the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic diseases. However, the pancreas accounts for a relatively small portion of the scan and presents high anatomical variability and low contrast, making traditional automated segmentation methods fail to generate satisfactory results. In this paper, we propose an extension–contraction transformation network (ECTN) and deploy it into a cascaded two-stage segmentation framework for accurate pancreas segmenting. This model can enhance the perception of 3D context by distinguishing and exploiting the extension and contraction transformation of the pancreas between slices. It consists of an encoder, a segmentation decoder, and an extension–contraction (EC) decoder. The EC decoder is responsible for predicting the inter-slice extension and contraction transformation of the pancreas by feeding the extension and contraction information generated by the segmentation decoder; meanwhile, its output is combined with the output of the segmentation decoder to reconstruct and refine the segmentation results. Quantitative evaluation is performed on NIH Pancreas Segmentation (Pancreas-CT) dataset using 4-fold cross-validation. We obtained average Precision of 86.59±6.14% , Recall of 85.11±5.96%, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 85.58±3.98%. and Jaccard Index (JI) of 74.99±5.86%. The performance of our method outperforms several baseline and state-of-the-art methods.

Covid-19 as a Shock Event Maintaining a Career in TESOL during a Global Pandemic.

Covid-19 has had a major impact on the education sector worldwide with many universities, colleges and private language schools being forced to close and, almost overnight, turn to online teaching. In addition, the economic impact of the pandemic has led to many of these organisations making some difficult operational and financial decisions to deal with such a challenging situation. These have included restructuring, initiating rapid changes to both courses and operating practices, reducing salaries, offering shorter contract extensions and even laying off staff. Some educational institutions have since reopened but Covid-19 protocols such as mask wearing, social distancing and a limit on the use of paper-based resources have changed face-to-face teaching. For some researchers Covid-19 and an organisation’s response to it is an example of a career shock defined as ‘a disruptive and extraordinary event that is caused by factors outside the focal individual’s control and triggers a deliberate thought process concerning one’s career’ (Akkermans et al, 2018: 4). The purpose of this paper is to understand what influence Covid-19 has had on the career development of those working in TESOL and how individuals have dealt with all the changes arising from an organisation’s response to the pandemic. Through the presentation of 3 case studies involving an academic manager, a freelance teacher trainer and a newly qualified teacher all employed at large, well-known language school in Egypt, the author aims to investigate 4 important areas. Firstly, what key career competencies and personal attributes enable professionals to maintain a career in TESOL during a shock event such as a pandemic? Secondly, does this differ depending on a person’s life and/or career stage? Thirdly, is it possible that the short-term negative impact of a shock event might, over time, turn out to have a positive career outcome? And finally, what can we learn from the experiences of these TESOL professionals that might support others when dealing with career shocks in the future?

Extensive range contraction predicted under climate warming for two endangered mountaintop frogs from the rainforests of subtropical Australia

Montane ecosystems cover approximately 20% of the Earth's terrestrial surface and are centres of endemism. Globally, anthropogenic climate change is driving population declines and local extinctions across multiple montane taxa, including amphibians. We applied the maximum entropy approach to predict the impacts of climate change on the distribution of two poorly known amphibian species (Philoria kundagungan and Philoria richmondensis) endemic to the subtropical uplands of the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia, World Heritage Area (GRAWHA). Firstly, under current climate conditions and also future (2055) low and high warming scenarios. We validated current distribution models against models developed using presence-absence field data. Our models were highly concordant with known distributions and predicted the current distribution of P. kundagungan to contract by 64% under the low warming scenario and by 91% under the high warming scenario and that P. richmondensis would contract by 50% and 85%, respectively. With large areas of habitat already impacted by wildfires, conservation efforts for both these species need to be initiated urgently. We propose several options, including establishing ex-situ insurance populations increasing the long-term viability of both species in the wild through conservation translocations.

Effects of rheological stratification and elasticity of lithosphere on subduction initiation

The breaking and bending of rigid and elastic lithosphere was probably essential for the initiation of plate subduction, although how this occurred is still poorly understood. Here we test effects of rheological stratification and elasticity of lithosphere on subduction initiation, which are possibly resulting from thermal cracking and seawater penetration into the lithosphere. In addition to the strong influence of water on rheological behavior, the material rigidity is also sensitive to the development of crack and fluid saturation. Numerical modeling indicates that water-weakening and a low-rigidity lithosphere are essential for the initiation of plate subduction, and such conditions are likely to have arisen on the early Earth due to extensive thermal contraction of the planet. Our results indicate that the formation of thermal cracks and penetration of seawater play an important role on subduction initiation, and are likely to have operated on planets other than Earth. However, if the ocean is disappeared, fluid penetration is likely to cease and plate tectonics would have stopped due to increasing the strength and rigidity of the lithosphere.

Test-Retest Reliability and Sensitivity of Common Strength and Power Tests over a Period of 9 Weeks.

This study evaluated the reliability and sensitivity of a set of different common strength and power tests in a healthy adult population in a span of 9 weeks. Seventeen subjects (24.2 ± 2.2 years, 1.75 ± 0.10 m, 68.6 ± 14.2 kg, seven women) participated in the study. We tested countermovement jumps, reactive hops, and the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of handgrip and isometric knee extension. The tests were conducted in three separate sessions across a nine-week period, with one week between the first two sessions and eight weeks between the second and the third. Reliability and sensitivity statistics for each test were calculated for both the average of three trials and the best result during each session. The MVC of isometric knee extension and handgrip, as well as the countermovement jump test, demonstrated very high reliability and sensitivity over the nine-week period. The peak force of the reactive hops demonstrated high reliability but high sensitivity only for the average but not for the best result. The average contact time of reactive hops was neither a sensitive nor reliable measurement. In conclusion, isometric maximal knee extension and handgrip tests, as well as countermovement jumps and peak force of reactive hops, can be used as reliable and sensitive measurements of isometric and reactive strength and power over time periods of up to eight weeks. We recommend the use of the average results of three trials instead of the best performance value for longitudinal studies, as this procedure produces more consistent results and a lower measurement error.

Integrating BIM in Construction Dispute Resolution: Development of a Contractual Framework

Building information modeling (BIM), through its data-rich digital representation of building elements, has revolutionized the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. Facilitating the process of its implementation, several legal aspects of BIM have been discussed and standardized in the published contract systems, but legal provisions for dispute resolution through BIM are yet to be established. With more enhanced use of BIM, there is a need for a dedicated protocol for utilizing BIM in construction dispute resolution. This study aims to identify, analyze, and classify the potential legal aspects for integrating BIM into the construction dispute resolution process and thereby determine the corresponding provisions required in BIM-enabled contracts. Potential legal aspects were extracted through an analysis of published literature, including research papers, FIDIC contracts, and standard BIM contract documents. A questionnaire survey involving 140 respondents was conducted from which the 24 identified legal aspects were validated to be incorporated in BIM contracts as contract provisions. The proposed BIM-DRes framework maps the legal aspects and finalized contractual provisions with the phases of a construction project and highlights the main stakeholders associated with or affected by these aspects. The developed framework was further validated by three experts from the construction industry. This research explores this overlooked area and expands the body of knowledge on BIM-based dispute resolution, setting the ground for the extension of BIM-enabled contracts.

Implementasi Metode Moora Pada Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penilaian Kinerja Karyawan

Employee performance appraisal is needed by an agency or company with the aim of evaluating performance and improving the quality of competent human resources and high loyalty for each employee at work, then an agency or company can give awards to each of its employees such as contract extensions, salary increases , get special promotions, appointments, and allowances, which can motivate every employee. This study aims to facilitate a planner in a company PT. SUPRACO INDONESIA in providing performance appraisals of each employee uses a decision support system using the Multi Objective Optimization On The Basic Of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method. This employee performance appraisal decision support system uses a sample of 3 employees from 11 employees using the MOORA method of calculation. the final results of the calculations carried out are: for the first rank in alternative 2 with a value of 5.7805, while the second rank in alternative 1 with a value of 5.7736, and third place in alternative 3 with a value of 5.7671. In the tests carried out using Blackbox Testing, for all the features on the system running 100% with very good information and testing using the UAT (User Acceptance Test) method, it showed that the results of system user acceptance were 92%.