Extension Gap Research Articles

Potential of Poly-house Technology for Vegetable Cultivation in the Punjab, India

The study entitled “Potential of polyhouse technology for vegetable cultivation in Punjab” was done in the six districts having maximum number of poly-houses. From each selected district 10 adopter and 10 non-adopters were randomly selected thus making a total of 120 respondents. Potential of polyhouse technology was measured in terms of types of crops grown, most suitable crop & promising varieties under polyhouse cultivation, comparative advantage over open cultivation, extension and technological gaps in adoption of the technology. It was observed that cucumber (Rank1), capsicum and tomato were the most suitable crops grown under polyhouses. King Star RZ (cucumber), Inspiration (capsicum), LS524 (Tomato) etc. were the most preferred crop varieties grown under polyhouse structures. It was also observed these crops were giving signifi cantly better yield and market prices as compared to open fi eld conditions. The extension gaps for polyhouse grown vegetables were ranging from 20-30 q/acre and technology gaps were ranging between 35-55 q/acre emphasized that there was dire need for capacity building of farmers.

Performance Evaluation of CRIJAF Nail Weeder in Jute Growing Areas of North 24 Parganas District of West Bengal

The study is based on the result of 153 front line demonstrations carried out by ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore in North 24-Parganas district during 2017-18 and 2018-19 on mechanical weed management through CRIJAF Nail weeder. The FLD on weed management through CRIJAF nail weeder was carried out to show reduction in cost of cultivation due to less labour requirement as compared to conventional practices as well as enhancement in yield. The demonstration yield was increased by 12.11 per cent over the local check. The average extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 360.50 kg/ha, 559.50 kg/ha and 14.38 during the period under study. On an average, the demonstrated fi eld gave higher net returns (Rs. 87337 / ha) and benefi t: cost ratio (2.37) compared to the local checks. It clearly showed that adoption of improved agro-technology can boost the economics of jute growers.

Impact of Front Line Demonstration on Integrated Management of Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) in Nagarkurnool District, Telangana state

The front line demonstrations were organised in 30 farmers fields during 2017–2020 in Nagarkurnool district. The IPM strategy included clipping and disposal of infested shoots, removal of fruits with boreholes, installation of pheromone traps @ 25 ha-1, spraying of Bacillus thurinjiensis @ 1 g l-1 and Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 0.4 g l-1. The mean of the parameters in 30 demonstrations during three years (pooled) revealed that shoot and fruit borer damage at a vegetative phase as shoot damage was 18.29% in demo field and 29.92% in farmers practice. Fruit damage was recorded low 23.02% in the demo field while in farmer’s practice it was 47.37%. Higher marketable fruit yield was recorded 274 q ha-1 in demo field and 17.6% yield increased over farmers practice (233 q ha-1) with benefit Cost Ratio of 2.97:1 and 2.11:1, respectively. Besides this, number of pesticide sprayings reduced significantly in the demo field (5.2 times) when compared to farmers practice (13.13 times). It is also observed that higher gross returns (` 264700 ha-1) and net returns (` 201806 ha-1) were recorded in the demo field than farmer’s practice (` 264700 and ` 131496, respectively). The technology gap and extension gap enumerated from this study ranged 252-367.5q ha-1 and 28.5-63.81 q ha-1 respectively with the technology index of 54% during demonstration years. The results clearly showed that the positive impact of front-line demonstrations over farmer’s practice towards increasing the productivity and reduce the cost of cultivation of Brinjal in Nagarkurnool dist. of Telangana State.

Increasing Productivity and Profitability of Summer Mungbean through Cluster Frontline Demonstrations in Sonipat, Haryana

Background: Cluster frontline demonstrations on summer mungbean were conducted at farmers’ fields in 2018-19 and 2019-20 in Sonipat district of Haryana state. Crop yield and returns of demonstrations were compared to those obtained in the local check plots. Adoption of improved practices of crop production in demonstration plots increased the crop yield by 30% over local check. Methods: A total number of 150 cluster front line demonstrations (CFLDs) were conducted in 60 ha. area during 2019 and 2020. A survey to get information on summer mungbean cultivation practices was undertaken before conducting the demonstrations. Selection of farmers and improved practices for demonstrations were done on the basis of survey information. Result: The average yield recorded in the demonstration and local check plots was 580 kg/ha and 447 kg/ha, respectively. This increase in yield was recorded with additional expenditure of Rs. 2285/ha. Net returns, additional returns and benefit cost ratio in demonstrations came out to be Rs. 13076 /ha, 3073 /ha and 1.77, respectively. The extension and technology gaps were recorded as 132.5 and 920.0 kg/ha, respectively. The technology index of 61.3% strongly indicated the technology inadequacies in the crop cultivation. The results of demonstrations revealed that low level of productivity at farmers’ fields could be increased to sustainable level by adoption of improved practices.

Performance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Frontline demonstrations in Rajasthan

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most important rabi pulse crop of Rajasthan. The intervention of chickpea frontline demonstrations (FLDs) is one of the best ways to educate the conventional cultivators about productivity potential and profitability. The present study was carried out to determine the economic viability of technology transfer and adoption of chickpea in semi-arid region of North-West plain (NWP) zone of Rajasthan. Frontline demonstrations were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, S K Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, to enhance chickpea production and improve livelihood of small and marginal farmers. Total 260 demonstrations were conducted under 65 ha area in different villages of Sriganganagar district of Rajasthan during rabi season of 2012–13 to 2019–20. The seed of newly released chickpea varieties, viz. GNG-1581, GNG-1958, GNG-2144 and GNG-2171 were provided with other production and protection inputs. Results of the study revealed that the package and practices improved the seed yield of chickpea by 17.2%. The annual increase in the yield in different seasons ranged from 12.4% to 23.4%. The average technology gap (6.6 q/ha) and average extension gap (2.5 q/ha) suggested further improvement in the extension activities. The average benefit : cost ratio was significantly higher (2.81) under demonstrated plot as compared to farmers’ practice (2.48). Economic studies of individual years over eight years indicated that adoption of improved practices fetched more profit compared to farmers’ practices.

Cluster Frontline Demonstration: An Effective Technique to Transfer the Technology for Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) in Sidhi District of Madhya Pradesh

Linseed, along with mustard, is one of India's most important oilseed crops, and it helps small and marginal farmers in the Sidhi district of Madhya Pradesh supplement their income. Agriculture's development is mostly dependent on the use of scientific technology while making the most efficient use of available resources. Cluster Front Line Demonstrations were held at various farmers' fields during the rabi seasons of three selected blocks in Madhya Pradesh's Sidhi district to boost agricultural produce production, productivity, profitability, and quality. During the years 2016–17 and 2018–19, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sidhi, conducted 150 cluster frontline Linseed demonstrations. Through meetings and talks with farmers, the important inputs in existing production technology were discovered. Farmers' methods that were in use at the time were used as a control for comparing to the recommended procedures. The average yield of recommended practices registered 94 percent higher than the farmer’s practice. The average technology gap, extension gap and technology index were observed 10.59 q /ha, 3.59 q/ha and 58.84 percent respectively. The highest grain yield (7.67 q/ha) was recorded in the year 2018-19, it was 101.3 per cent more than the farmer’s practice (3.81 q/ha). Average net profitability of worth Rs. 9037 /ha as compared with farmers practices (Rs. 1785/ha) were obtained an average benefit-cost ratio i.e. 1.68 and 1.19 were recorded in demonstrated plot and farmers practice respectively. The higher additional returns (Rs. 7252/ha) and effective gain (Rs. 3659/ha) obtained under demonstrations could be due to improved technology, timely of crop cultivation operations and scientific monitoring.

Cruciate Substituting Implants in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

The use of cruciate substituting (CS) total knee replacement has been increasing in popularity. There are numerous factors that have likely contributed to this expansion. The CS philosophy incorporates the ease of use commonly cited by advocates of the posterior stabilized (PS) total knee design with the bone preservation associated with a cruciate retaining (CR) design. The ultra-congruent highly cross-linked polyethylene liner increases stability without an appreciable change in wear. Furthermore, balancing the flexion and extension gaps does not require “titrating” the posterior cruciate ligament, improving the user-friendliness. This paper reviews the nuances of this implant design compared to PS and CR designs as well as provides surgical technique recommendations/considerations.

Large flexion contracture angle predicts tight extension gap during navigational posterior stabilized-type total knee arthroplasty with the pre-cut technique: a retrospective study

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the predictors of tight extension gap (EG) compared with the flexion gap (FG) during navigational posterior stabilized-type total knee arthroplasty using the pre-cut technique.MethodsNineteen patients with tight EG (defined as FG-EG ≥2 mm after pre-cut; group T) and 84 patients with an approximately equal gap (defined as FG-EG = 0–1 mm after pre-cut; group E) were enrolled. Medial tibial slope angle, hip knee ankle angle, flexion contracture angle, and active maximum flexion angle were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe multivariate logistic regression model indicated that the probability of tight EG increased with flexion contracture angle (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.20; P ≤ 0.001). According to the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the flexion contracture angle cut-off value associated with tight EG was 15.0° (sensitivity, 85%; specificity, 78%).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that a large flexion contracture angle (cut-off 15.0°) was associated with tight EG after pre-cut osteotomy during posterior stabilized-type total knee arthroplasty. Awareness of this risk factor may help improve preoperative predictability of tight EGs and preparedness for additional procedures, such as soft tissue release or capsulotomy, to correct them.Level of evidenceLevel III.

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Resection and Varus Correction in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Study Using Computer-Assisted Surgery.

BackgroundAlignment correction is crucial for sustaining longevity and function in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is a secondary stabilizer in the coronal plane, there have been few reports on the effects of PCL resection on varus correction. The study aim was to assess the effect of PCL resection performed using computer-assisted surgery (CAS) on varus correction in TKA.MethodsFrom April 2019 through January 2021, patients with varus deformity of <20° and grossly intact PCLs were included. We used CAS to measure varus correction and gap change after PCL resection during CAS-TKA.ResultsTwenty-four female and eight male patients (40 operated knees) were included. The mean age was 68.7 ± 9.0 years, and the mean BMI was 26.5 ± 3.7 kg/m2. The mean preoperative mechanical alignment was varus 5.7° ± 2.5°. We found that 1.4° ± 0.6° of varus correction occurred after PCL resection (P < .05). The mean extension and flexion medial-side gap increases were 0.4 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively (P < .05). The mean extension and flexion lateral-side gap increases were 0.4 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively (P < .05).ConclusionPCL resection during TKA resulted in a small degree of varus correction. The flexion gap was larger when the PCL was resected. These effects were predictable, so surgeons should be aware of these findings while performing TKA.

Approximately 41% of knees have a looser gap in full extension than in 20° flexion after Oxford unicompartmental arthroplasty.

In Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (OUKA), the flexion and extension gaps should be adjusted to prevent mobile-bearing dislocation. The extension gap is recommended to be evaluated in the 20° flexion position to avoid underestimation due to tension of the posterior capsule. However, we have become aware of a looser gap in full extension than in 20° flexion in some instances. We retrospectively investigated 83 knees in 60 patients who underwent OUKA between January and June 2020. During surgery, the extension gaps were measured in both full extension and 20° flexion. The knees were classified into two groups: the gap was looser in full extension (0° group), and the gap was equal or looser in 20° flexion than in full extension (20° group). The hip-knee-ankle angle (HKAA), the lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), the medial proximal tibia angle (MPTA), the posterior tibial slope angle (PTSA), and the last spigot size were also measured and compared between the groups. There was looseness in approximately 41% of knees (34 out of 83 knees) in full extension. In the knees in the 0° group, the last spigot size was significantly smaller (median 1 and 2, P < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the HKAA, MPTA, LDFA or PTSA between the groups. Approximately 41% of knees have a looser gap in full extension than in 20° flexion after OUKA. Further investigation is needed to better understand which extension gap should be used in such cases, and to find the contributing factors in loose full extension gap other than the size of the last spigot.

Less soft tissue release in total knee arthroplasty for anteromedial compared to posteromedial knee osteoarthritis

In total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the aim of achieving a mechanically straight leg axis as well as symmetrical and equally wide gaps has become established as the gold standard in terms of surgical technique. In contrast to TKA unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is performed in anteromedial osteoarthritis (AMOA) and does not normally require releases. This raises the hypothesis whether the type of osteoarthritis (AMOA vs. posteromedial osteoarthritis (PMOA)) determines the requirement for soft tissue releases in TKA.In this retrospective study, 114 patients with medial osteoarthritis of the knee who had been treated with a navigated total knee replacement were consecutively included. On the basis of the preoperative lateral radiographs, the patients were divided into two groups: AMOA and PMOA. The incidence and the extent of releases performed were recorded using the navigation records.Patient-specific data (gender, age) did not differ between the groups (NS). Knees with AMOA presented an overall varus alignment of 5.3 ± 3.5°, knees with PMOA 8.0 ± 4.0° (p < 0.001). 30 cases (44%) had to be released in the AMOA group, compared with 33 cases (72%) in the PMOA group (p = 0.004). In the case of medial release, the extension gap increased 3.3 ± 2.4 mm in the AMOA compared to 5.3 ± 3.7 mm in the PMOA group (p = 0.006). The medial flexion gap was released 2.2 ± 2.6 mm in the AMOA and 2.9 ± 3.0 mm in the PMOA group (p = 0.008).To achieve a neutral mechanical alignment, a release has to be performed due to asymmetry of the extension gap more often if PMOA is present than in AMOA. Surgeons should be prepared to perform more frequent and extensive medial releases in PMOA. Higher constrained implants should be available in case of unintended over release in PMOA.

Technology gap assessment and productivity gain through front line demonstration in groundnut

KVK, Padampur, Sriganganagar (Rajasthan) conducted total 94 cluster front line demonstrations on groundnut at farmers field in Sriganganagar district (Rajasthan) during three consecutive Kharif seasons from 2019 to 2021. The farming situation was irrigated and soil was sandy loam low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and medium to high in potash. Assessment of gap was done and on basis of gap assessment, improved recommended technologies were demonstrated. On overall average basis, 16.75 % higher pod yield was recorded under demonstrations than the farmer’s traditional practices (Local check). The extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 350 kg/ha, 357 kg/ha and 12.74 %, respectively. An additional investments of Rs. 1249 per ha consist with scientific monitoring of demonstration and non–monetary factors resulted in additional return of Rs. 17,787 per ha. On three year average basis incremental benefit : cost ratio was found 18.16.

Impact of frontline demonstration on mustard (Brassica jancea) in Haridwar district of Uttrakhand

The major constraint on the low productivity of mustard in the Tarai and Bhabhar areas of Uttrakhand was nonadoption of recommended package of practices and lack of awareness for balanced use of fertilizers. To replace this age-old technology, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Dhanauri conducted front-line demonstrations during Rabi season 2016-17 and 2017-18. Cultivation practices comprised of the recommended dose of fertilizers (120 kg N2 + 40 kg P2O5 + 40 kg K2O) with farmers’ practices (120 kg DAP/ ha) in mustard. Results showed that the average yield obtained was 17.15 q/ha and 17.20 q/ha respectively under improved systems, whereas in Farmer’s practice the yield was recorded 15.50 q/ha and 15.25 q/ha during 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively. The average percent increase in yield with the recommended dose of fertilizers over farmers’ practice was 11.7 percent. The extension gap recorded was 1.65 and 1.95 q/ha during 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively.

The study of hydraulic fracture height growth in coal measure shale strata with complex geologic characteristics

The coal measure shale strata (CMSS) is rich in coalbed methane and shale gas. However, different thicknesses and high heterogeneity between the coal and shale typically result in difficultly predicting hydraulic fracture height growth. The feasibility of multi-gas production and the optimal layer for fracturing in CMSS requires a better understanding of fracture vertical propagation mechanism. In this paper, a three-dimensional model of a hydraulic fracture crossing CMSS layer was built according to geological characteristics, based on the rock seepage-stress-damaged coupled finite element method. The influence of geological factors and construction factors on the hydraulic fracture expansion was investigated. The results showed that (1) The physical property and geological conditions presented a huge difference between different lithological rock with various depth; (2) The increase of displacement and fracturing fluid viscosity, the inhibition effect on vertical fracture extension became weak. The augment of displacement was more helpful to the vertical propagation of fracture; (3) Under low permeability difference and small horizontal minimal principal stress difference, fracture length propagated enough distance and fracture height extension gap connected more the production layer. Therefore, the favorable conditions for forming balanced fracture geometry were as follows: permeability difference from 0–3 and stress difference from 1–2 MPa. (4) The 11th layer was chosen as the best fracturing layer in Shanxi Formation. The fracture height was about 26.13 m and the thickness of pay layers accounted for 42.32% of the height. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the optimal fracturing layer and fracturing construction parameters in CMSS.

Kinematic alignment matches functional alignment for the extension gap: a consecutive analysis of 749 primary varus osteoarthritic knees with stress radiographs.

The alignment goal in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains debated. Two major strategies have emerged based on recreating the native knee: kinematic and functional alignment (KA and FA). Recently a new Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification for KA, based on bony landmarks, was described considering joint line obliquity and the arithmetic HipKneeAnkle angle (aHKA). Valgus corrected HKA medial angle (vcHKA) was measured on distractive valgus preoperative radiographs compensating for cartilage wear and ligament balance in varus osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to determine if aHKA accounts for differences in medial laxity for the extension gap by comparing vcHKA to aHKA. The hypothesis was that no significant difference would be observed between the two measurements. This is a retrospective analysis of 749 knees in consecutive patients presenting to a single-centre with primary medial osteoarthritis. Patients underwent standardized weight bearing long-leg and valgus stress radiographs. Tibial mechanical angle (TMA), femoral mechanical angle (FMA) and vcHKA were measured using digital software. aHKA and vcHKA were compared to determine differences due to soft tissue balancing. The mean FMA was 91.3 ± 2.2° (range 82°-97°), the mean TMA was 85.7 ± 2.5° (range 75°-98°), the mean aHKA was 177.0 ± 3.0° (range 164°-185°) and the mean vcHKA was 176.6 ± 3.1° (range 165°-192°). No significant difference was observed between aHKA and vcHKA (p = 0.06). A significant correlation was found between vcHKA and TMA (ρ = 0.3; p < 0.001) and between vcHKA and FMA (ρ = 0.41; p < 0.001). This study showed that vcHKA was similar to aHKA confirming that aHKA accounts for ligamentous medial laxity. Therefore, kinematic alignment based on the CPAK classification matches the pre-arthritic coronal alignment of the knee for the extension gap. IV.

Performance evaluation of frontline demonstration on line sowing of jute by CRIJAF multi-row seed drill in Hooghly district of West Bengal

Sowing of small seeds like jute by CRIJAF multi-row seed drill has numerous benefits over traditional method of broad casting. Under NFSM (CC) Jute programme, ICAR-CRIJAF, Barrackpore has been conducting FLDs on improved production technologies of jutein major jute growing districts of West Bengal. A study was conducted in Hooghly district of the state to evaluate the performance of FLDs on line sowing of jute by CRIJAF multi-row seed drill, one of the most important production technologies of jute.The three-year (2017–2019) results of FLDs were compiled and further analysed to calculate the per cent increase in yield, Extension gap, Technology gap and Technology index. An average increase in fibre yield (243 kg/ha) had been recorded in demonstration plots throughout the years. Technology gap had been found ranging from 6.26 q/ha to 7.89 q/ha whereas Extension gap had been identified to be in the array of2.29 q/ha to 2.60 q/ha over thesethree years. Technology index has been calculated to be in the range of 16.09 per cent to 20.28 per cent. There were reduction in total cost of cultivation (7956/ha - 12156/ha), increases in gross return (11810/ha - 16546/ha), net return (23387/ha - 27376/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (0.37- 0.41) in the demonstration plots during 2017–2019. It was proved by the FLD results that line sowing of jute by CRIJAF multi-row seed drill has an undoubted advantage over the conventional broadcasting method.

Impact of Cluster Front Line Demonstrations on Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in valley areas of Manipur

In Imphal district of Manipur, the field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a prominent rabi season pulse crop. In comparison to other sections of the country, however, its output is quite poor. The productivity and economics of cluster front line demonstrations, as well as the adoption of newest production technologies including technology and extension gap by 50 Cluster Front Line Demonstrations (CFLD) farmers and 50 non-CFLD farmers were investigated during 2018-19 to 2020-21. The results revealed that average yield of the demonstration were 15.33 q/ha against the potential yield of 22 q/ha. The yield gap of 6.67 q/ha indicates that there still a technology gap and still there is big scope for increasing the yield. The percentage of increase in yield in CFLD ranged from 38.43 to 40.17 per cent with an average increase of 39.57 per cent over the farmers practice in local check plots. The extension yield gap fluctuated between 27.97 and 28.64 per cent. Overall it is concluded that cluster frontline demonstrations (CFLD) proved an effective tool for increasing the productivity of field pea.

Integrated Crop Management Practices of Wheat through Frontline Demonstrationin Bundelkhand Region

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Datia, Madhya Pradesh conducted 365 demonstrations on wheatvarieties GW-366 and RVW-4106 during 2017-18 to 2020-21 at farmers’ field in Datiadistrict to find out the worth of the improved technology. The parameters like technologicalimpact, economical impact and extension gap were analyzed and the feasibility ofdemonstrated technologies at grass root levels was assessed. The results of four years ofstudies revealed that the yield under demonstration plots was 4684 kg/ha as compared to3875 kg/ha in traditional farmer practices plots. This additional yield of 809 kg/ha and theincrease in average wheat productivity by 21.43 per cent may contribute to the presentwheat requirement on national basis. The average technology gap, extension gap andtechnology index were found to be 376.50 kg/ha, 807.75 kg/ha and 7.40 per cent respectively.An additional investment of Rs. 1470 per ha coupled with scientific monitoring ofdemonstrations and non-monetary factors resulted in an additional net return of Rs. 13531per ha. Fluctuation in the sale price of wheat during different years influenced the economicreturns per unit area. On four years overall average basis incremental benefit cost ratiowas found as 3.41. The results indicate the positive effects of FLDs over the existingpractices.

Impact of Front Line Demonstrations on Mustard Crop in Sirsa District of Haryana

Krishi Vigyan Kendra conducts cluster demonstrations every year as per target assignedby ICAR. The study evaluates impact of 300 demonstrations on mustard crop in 120hectare area conducted by KVK Sirsa since 2015-16 to 2017-18 in different villages of thedistrict. The extension gaps in technologies were identified through farmers meetings andgroup discussions with the farmers. The findings indicated significant increase in the averageyield of demonstrated plot (15.13%) over the farmer’s practice plot of mustard crop. Averageyield of demonstration plots was recorded higher by 18.18 per cent, 14.09 per cent and13.13 per cent in years 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. The extension gapwas 4.0 q/ha, 3.10 q/ha and 2.89 q/ha while technology gap was 2.0 q/ha, 2.90 q/ha and2.11 q/ha during consecutive years respectively. During these three years, yield increase indemonstration plots expressed as additional income over check plots accounted for Rs.7670/ha, Rs. 12350/ha and Rs. 11590/ha respectively during various years.

Role of frontline demonstrations for reducing the technology gap and extension gap in Gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L.) in Amritsar district of Punjab

Front Line Demonstration is one of the most powerful tools for transfer of technology. The present study was undertaken to find out the yield gap through FLDs on mustard crop. ECF centre Amritsar conducted 42 demonstrations on mustard since 2013-2014 to 2016-2017 in six adopted villages of Amritsar district. Prevailing farmer’s practices were treated as control for comparison with recommended practices. On the basis of average data, the average yield (13.97 q/ha) was obtained with improved practice over farmer’s practice (11.92 q/ha) with an additional yield of 2.05 q/ha and the increase in yield was17.07 per cent. The average technology gap and index were found to be 7.22 and 34.08 per cent, respectively. The extension gap ranged between 1.5 q/ha (2013-2014) to 2.5 q/ha (2016-2017) indicates the need to educate the farmers through various extension approaches for the adoption of improved technologies. The lower value of technology index indicated the feasibility of the demonstrated Mustard crop technology.