Extension Evaluation Method Research Articles

Study on Regional Water-Saving Evaluation System Based on Extension Evaluation Method

Insufficient qualitative analysis in regional water-saving system needs to be solved, as it effects the effective implementation of comprehensive evaluation system. Though the unilateral quantitative indicators can be able to make the sure results of the evaluation data, it is short of qualitative index guiding, data monitoring and management. Therefore, the evaluation results lost sufficient convince conditions. This paper puts forward a kind of evaluation index system of regional water based on extension evaluation method. Based on the national water-saving society indicators, a comprehensive evaluation index system of water-saving combining quantitative and qualitative analysis is built, and a comprehensive evaluation quantitative model is established based on the correlation function and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the water-saving cases for Zhoushan City in 2014, 2018 years and Yuhuan County in 2014 years of Zhejiang Province are taken as an example. The evaluation results show that the water-saving condition of Zhoushan City in 2018 year is much better than at 2014 year’s done. And in 2014, both Zhoushan City and Yuhuan County are done in basically same result, but there qualitative and quantitative evaluation results are different because of the geographical environment and size of the area. Thus, feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified.

Research on Extension Evaluation of Rural Road Maintenance Quality Based on Game Theory

The importance of rural highway maintenance is self-evident, and it is also a basic work of the highway operation department. Selecting an appropriate evaluation method can timely and accurately find the pavement diseases, and improve the timeliness of pavement repair. To improve the accuracy of pavement quality comprehensive evaluation, based on the game theory, the improved extension evaluation method was combined with subjective and objective weight determination methods in this paper, to propose a comprehensive weight determination method with a good operability. The results show that the improved extension evaluation method provides a feasible scheme for rural highway maintenance quality evaluation

Dynamic Optimization Classification Model for Submarine Tunnel Surrounding Rocks and Its Application in Engineering

Hou, F.-J.; Xie, X.-K.; Shi, S.-S.; Song, S.-G.; Bu, L.; Li, L-P., and Zhou, Z.-Q., 2019. Dynamic optimization classification model for submarine tunnel surrounding rocks and its application in engineering. In: Gong, D.; Zhu, H., and Liu, R. (eds.), Selected Topics in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 94, pp. 311–315. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In order to make the classification of tunnel surrounding rocks more reasonable and accurate, a multi-index matter-element extension evaluation model was proposed for the advanced optimization classification of submarine tunnel surrounding rocks based on the extension evaluation method. Firstly, the rock mass integrity index Kv, Young's modulus E, the longitudinal wave velocity Vp, Poisson's ratio l, and groundwater W were selected as the evaluation indices. Secondly, the TSP detection technology was employed to collect quantitative indices. The main influencing factors, which were non-dimensional, were used to set up the matter-elements in order to make the evaluation indices comparable. Lastly, the matter-element extension evaluation model was applied to a submarine tunnel construction project in China and the evaluation results were compared against the excavation conditions on site.

Development and Performance Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Crab Shell Powder Based Brake Pads for Automotive Applications

The present study deals with the effective usage of crab shell, which is a solid waste in the seafood industry. The crab shell was powdered and treated with chemicals to obtain the chemically treated crab shell powder. The crab shell was powdered and heated to the desired conditions to obtain thermally processed crab shell powder. These two powders so obtained were used with other ingredients in the development of brake pads. For comparison crab shell powder free brake pads were also developed. The developed brake pads were tested for various characteristics as per the industrial standards. Thermal stability was found using Thermogravimetric analysis. The fade and recovery behaviours were estimated for the developed brake pads using Chase test following IS2742 Part-4. The test results indicate that the thermally processed crab shell powder based brake pads showed better thermal stability with a char residue of 37%, while the chemically treated crab shell powder based brake pads had better fade and recovery characteristics with a fade rate of 1.71 % and recovery rate of 99.86 % due to its better heat dissipation and coarse structure. Scanning electron microscopy paved the way to study the worn characteristics of the Chase tested samples. An extensive evaluation method was used to rank the developed brake pads based on the Chase test performance; it also ranked chemically treated crab shell powder-based brake pads as the best performer.

Development and characterization of stainless steel fiber-based copper-free brake liner formulation: A positive solution for steel fiber replacement

This study deals with the development of drum brake liner for a multi-utility vehicle possessing a hydraulic brake system by varying 7 weight % of steel fiber and stainless steel fiber each, in friction composite formulations. The developed friction composites were tested for physical, chemical, corrosion, mechanical, thermal properties, and tribological characteristics, under near-actual conditions using an inertia dynamometer as per industrial standards. Finite element analysis software (ANSYS) analysis was performed to show the thermal stress distribution of the developed friction composites at the maximum temperature rise due to heat generated during brake stops, and an extensive evaluation method was used to rank the composites. The study concludes that the brake factor of the stainless steel fiber-based friction composite produces stable performance in all conditions with a lower liner temperature rise of 340 °C and lower thermal stress at 4.255294 MPa. However, the steel fiber-based composites produced high performance at the beginning but deteriorated after a certain period due to higher levels of corrosion and a high temperature rise of 361 °C resulting in a negative fade (−0.84%) and more thermal stress (5.619102 MPa). The primary plateau, secondary plateau, back transfer of drum wear debris, and the distribution of constituents on the worn surface of the developed composites in a resin matrix were identified and studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy.

Tribological performance evaluation of epoxy modified phenolic FC reinforced with chemically modified Prosopis juliflora bark fiber

Tribological performance of the Prosopis juliflora (PJ) bark fiber and its chemical treatments in the epoxy modified Phenolic composite has been evaluated in this study. The alkaline and silane treated PJ fibers were characterized by a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and found that the surface properties were improved. The tribological performance of epoxy modified Phenolic friction composites developed with 5 and 10 wt% of alkaline and silane treated PJ fiber was investigated and compared with commercial fibers namely Glass and Rock Wool fiber. Extension evaluation method was applied to rank the friction composites based on tribological parameters such as hot, normal and performance coefficient of friction, fade rate, recovery rate and wear rate. The experiments and performance evaluation shows that the 5 wt% silane treated PJ fiber reinforced friction composite exhibited the overall quality as a weighted average of the dependent degree of extension evaluation.

Tribological performance evaluation of newly synthesized silane treated shell powders in friction composites

This work aims to evaluate the tribological performance of the newly synthesized silane surface treated crab, periwinkle and scallop shell powders in the epoxy modified Phenolic Friction Composites (FCs). The raw and silane treated shell powders are synthesized and characterized for its morphology, element composition and crystal properties. FCs are fabricated with the raw and silane surface treated shell powders using compression moulding process. The tribological performances of the shell powder based brake pads are studied based on IS 2742 standard. The performance of the samples is evaluated and ranked based on Extension Evaluation Method (EEM) considering 11 tribological parameters. The silane treated scallop shell based FC exhibited the best overall tribological performance and expressed as the weighted average dependent degree in EEM.

Effect of silane surface treatment on the physico-mechanical properties of shell powder reinforced epoxy modified phenolic friction composite

Physico-mechanical performance of the epoxy modified phenolic friction composite reinforced with silane surface treated crab, periwinkle, and scallop shell powders were evaluated based on Extension Evaluation Method (EEM). The shell powders were silane surface treated and their morphologies and thermal behaviors were studied using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and thermo-gravimetric analyzer. SEM morphology shows that the scallop shell powders are finer then the periwinkle and crab shell powders which played a major role in enhancing the surface and physico-mechanical properties of the scallop shell powders and its friction pads. Thermal analysis indicates that the untreated scallop shell powders are most stable thermally. The physico-mechanical properties of the friction composites were studied based on IS 2742 standard. The physico-mechanical and chemical properties observed for the periwinkle and scallop shell based friction composites are well within the recommended values of the OEM and also showed the best results among the chosen fillers. The outcome of this work based on EEM indicates that the silane surface treated scallop shell and periwinkle shell powder could be a potential friction material to be used in brake pads/linings of light and medium duty commercial vehicles.

Evaluation of the Cyclic Economy Development Based on the Rough Sets and Extension Analysis

Because of the subjectivity of the current index system of the cyclic economy and the lack of the comprehensive assessment of the trend for the economic development, the present paper proposes a rough-set-based approach to establish the index system for the cyclic economy and sets up the evaluation model for the cyclic economy development with the comprehensive extension evaluation method. The paper begins with the formalizing description and discretization of the initial economy index, establishing the assessment system with the Attribute Reduction method. Then the paper establishes a meta-model for the cyclic economy development and proposes the comprehensive extension evaluation method to assess the cyclic economy development based on the correlation function method. The index system based on the established assessment model is simple but comprehensive enough to assess the current development as well as analyse the trend of the future development of the cyclic economy, which can offer theoretical basis and working approach to development the regional cyclic economy. Finally, taking Gansu as an example, by making an empirical study on the related data in 2013, the paper establishes the index system for the cyclic economy in Gansu, and assesses the development and the trend of the cyclic economy in some areas of the province.

Quantitative Analysis of Development Modes for Renewable Energy

Firstly, the definitions of distributed generation in typical countries or organizations are compared and summarized. On this basis, t hree basic characteristics of distributed generation are provided. Then, we established an evaluation system and quantitative analysis model of distributed and centralized development for renewable energy and a multi - attribute and matter - element extension evaluation method is used to evaluate and analyze it. Finally, Empirical analysis of Germany's renewable energy development mode is studied, which quantitative analyzed the development mode for wind and photovoltaic power .

Uncertainty Analysis of Water-Inrush from Floor Induced by Deep Mining

In order to analyze the reasons for water-inrush from floor induced by deep mining, timely discovery and prevent accidents of water-inrush from floor, using bifurcation tree analysis method to analysis of floor damage mechanism of deep coal seam mining, building floor damage model. Establish weight of each damage factor in the model by using analytic hierarchy process, and establish floor water-inrush level by using matter element extension evaluation method, timely forecast of water-inrush from floor conditions. Develop reasonable and effective control measures and remedies, and control of the security situation in the field of water-inrush.

Application and comparative study of new optimization method for performance ranking of friction materials

Good friction materials should satisfy diverse and contradictory performance requirements such as adequate friction ( µ ≈ 0.35–0.45), resistance to wear, fade, squeal, judder, etc. in consort with good recovery and less noise producing tendency. To achieve center point of all these conflicting criteria and selection of best overall performing friction material is multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problem and very difficult task. Decision maker can easily make decision with single criteria without the help of any optimization tool by maximizing beneficial criteria and minimizing non-beneficial criteria. However, it is extremely challenging task if decision making involves several number of conflicting criteria. Few techniques are reported in the literature such as ‘multiple criteria decision model’, ‘Multi-attribute decision model’, ‘extension evaluation method’ (EEM), etc. for performance ranking of friction materials. However, the simplicity, reliability, applicability, time devoted for the analysis, etc. are always most important aspects of selecting a right tool for the analysis. In this paper application of a technique ‘multiple objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis’ (MOORA) has been first time employed for performance ranking of friction materials. A comparative study of MOORA and currently used methods MCDM and EEM are also presented. MOORA proved to be the best tool based on the criteria such as simple to use, fast, flexible, and efficient one.

Synergy evaluation of industry-university-research institute synergetic innovation system based on knowledge creation

Industry-university-research institute (IUR) synergetic innovation (SI) has become the leading-edge innovation mode to promote significant knowledge and technological innovations in China. This article establishes an evaluation index system and evaluation model for system synergy of IUR-SI based on knowledge creation combining the innovation theory with a multi-level extension evaluation method. The index system divides the system synergy of IUR-SI into four subsystems including knowledge synergy capability, relationship synergy capability, innovation synergy capability and synergy performance. we verify the evaluation model taking IUR-SI system of a region in China as an example. The purpose of the paper is to systematically, scientifically describe and analyze various constituent elements of IUR-SI system, as well as various level indicators reflecting efficiency and effectiveness of the system, in order to find the key points of system operation, and enhance the level of collaborative development of scientific and technological innovation systems in China.

Grey prediction control and extension assessment for turbine governing system

The authors present a control method for generator speed control system based on the grey prediction theory, to solve the stability problem of power system in various perturbations. The results of the simulation indicate that with grey prediction control, the control system behaves less adjusting time and less overshoot. That is, grey prediction control is superior. Besides, the authors establish a control system performance index evaluation system to analyse the performance of grey prediction controller quantitatively. The extension evaluation method is employed to evaluate grey prediction control contrasted to conventional control, and the result shows that the control effect of former is better than the latter, which confirmed the validity of grey prediction method for turbine speed control system.

Dynamic risk assessment of water inrush in tunnelling and software development

Water inrush and mud outburst always restricts the tunnel constructions in mountain area, which becomes a major geological barrier against the development of underground engineering. In view of the complex disaster-causing mechanism and difficult quantitative predictions of water inrush and mud outburst, several theoretical methods are adopted to realize dynamic assessment of water inrush in the progressive process of tunnel construction. Concerning both the geological condition and construction situation, eleven risk factors are quantitatively described and an assessment system is developed to evaluate the water inrush risk. In the static assessment, the weights of eight risk factors about the geological condition are determined using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Each factor is scored by experts and the synthesis scores are weighted. The risk level is ultimately determined based on the scoring outcome which is derived from the sum of products of weights and comprehensive scores. In the secondary assessment, the eight risk factors in static assessment and three factors about construction situation are quantitatively analyzed using fuzzy evaluation method. Subordinate levels and weight of factors are prepared and then used to calculate the comprehensive subordinate degree and risk level. In the dynamic assessment, the classical field of the eleven risk factors is normalized by using the extension evaluation method. From the input of the matter-element, weights of risk factors are determined and correlation analysis is carried out to determine the risk level. This system has been applied to the dynamic assessment of water inrush during construction of the Yuanliangshan tunnel of Yuhuai Railway. The assessment results are consistent with the actual excavation, which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the software. The developed system is believed capable to be back-up and applied for risk assessment of water inrush in the underground engineering construction.

An Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Extension Theory for DC–AC Converters

In this paper, an extension evaluation method was proposed to diagnose the fault of a DC–AC converter in a motor drive system. First, the PSIM software package was used to construct a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) DC–AC converter for simulating the occurrence of the fault of any power transistor in the NPC DC–AC converter. Simultaneously, the fast Fourier transform was adopted to transcribe the waveform of phase voltage in time domain into the spectrum in frequency domain, looking for the corresponding characteristic spectrum during the fault of the power transistor in a DC–AC converter. Then, we establish the relationship between the fault type and the specific spectrum as the characteristics of the extension evaluation method, building up a fault diagnosis system for a DC–AC converter. Finally, the simulation results are made to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed intelligent fault diagnosis system.

Effects of walnut shells on friction and wear performance of eco-friendly brake friction composites

The paper addresses utilization of 0–14.6 vol.% alkaline-treated walnut shell powders (WSPs) as a functional filler in the proposed eco-friendly brake friction materials. Five non-asbestos friction material samples containing WSP and jute fibers from biomass as biodegradable components were prepared, also including several from natural resources, such as wollastonite, basalt fibers, zircon, barite, and vermiculite. The friction-wear properties of the prepared composites were tested by using Chase friction performance testing device. Furthermore, an extension evaluation method was introduced to rank the composites based on their overall friction-wear characteristics. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of the samples could be effectively improved, especially for the sample with a WSP content ≤5.6 vol.%. With confirmation of the analysis and characterization results, chars were very possibly formed by the degradation of organic ingredients, such as WSP and jute fibers, which played a key role in affecting the friction performance of the friction composites.

Application of improved extension evaluation method to water quality evaluation

The extension evaluation method (EEM) has been developed and applied to evaluate water quality. There are, however, negative values in the correlative degree (water quality grades from EEM) after the calculation. This is not natural as the correlative degree is essentially an index based on grades (rankings) of water quality by different methods, which are positive. To overcome this negativity issue, the interval clustering approach (ICA) was introduced, which is based on the grey clustering approach (GCA) and interval-valued fuzzy sets. However, the computing process and formulas of ICA are rather complex. This paper provides a novel method, i.e., improved extension evaluation method, so as to avoid negative values in the correlative degree. To demonstrate our proposed approach, the improved EEM is applied to evaluate the water quality of three different cross-sections of the Fen River, the second major branch river of the Yellow River in China and the Han Jiang River, one of the major branch rivers of the Yangtse River in China. The results of the improved evaluation method are basically the same as the official water quality. The proposed method possesses also the same merit as the EEM and ICA method, which can be applied to assess water quality when the levels of attributes are defined in terms of intervals in the water quality criteria. Existing methods are mostly applicable to data in the form of single numeric values.

A PEM Fuel Cell Diagnostic System Using the Extension Theory

Composed of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a sensor module, and a ZigBee wireless communication module, a fault diagnostic system is proposed in this work to monitor the operation of a fuel cell system. Accordingly, such quantities as cell's output voltage, current, operating temperature, and pressures of gases supplied are monitored. Subsequently, an extension matter-element model is built according to malfunctions of the fuel cell system, which are further categorized into 7 types, each with 12 sorts of characteristics. An extension evaluation method is then directly applied to diagnose such fuel cell system. A human machine interface built under LabVIEW 2009 is incorporated in such a way that a fault(s) can be detected and fixed in a timely manner such that the life cycle of such fuel cell system can be extended.

Research on Properties of Materials Based on Extension Evaluation Method

The matter-element model of mechanical properties of materials for grade-evaluating is established based on the matter-element theory and extension evaluation theory in the Extencis. Then the dependent function derived from extension set is used to calculate integrated correlation degree, after the Weight of each evaluation index is determined, then the grade of corresponding material will be obtained. take the metal materials for example, the results have proved that this kind of extension evaluation method applied is sure to be more scientific、normative, fair, and reasonable, which deserves to be populated and generalized.