Extenics Theory Research Articles

Optimization of Formula for Chromium-Free Zinc–Aluminum Coatings Based on Extension Analytic Hierarchy Process

The service performance of chromium-free zinc–aluminum coatings exhibits characteristics from multiple perspectives. Fully considering the physical properties, corrosion resistance, and economic viability of the coatings, this study incorporates the concepts of “domain” and “degree” from extenics theory into the analytic hierarchy process to optimize the formulation of chromium-free zinc–aluminum coatings. The findings reveal that the extension analytic hierarchy process takes into account the diversity of evaluation indicators, enhancing the objectivity and accuracy of the comprehensive evaluation results. Nine formulations were developed using a four-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment to evaluate the effects of metal powder, PEG-400, KH-560, and sodium molybdate on the service performance of chromium-free zinc–aluminum coatings. Utilizing an extensible hierarchical sorting weight system alongside a performance index grading and scoring method, 3# emerged with the highest score, indicating the best overall performance. The research outcomes offer innovative insights and technical support for optimizing the formulations of chromium-free zinc–aluminum coatings and other coatings.

Analysis of Rock Mechanical Characteristics and Establishment of an Evaluation System for Coal Measures in the Longtan Formation, Guizhou Province.

The mechanical properties of coal measure rocks and their evaluation significantly impact the process and efficacy of coal measure exploration and development. This study focuses on the Guizhou Longtan Formation coal measure. The mechanical and fracturing characteristics of coal measure rock samples are analyzed via well coring, geophysical logging, and indoor experiments. Additionally, predictive models for rock mechanical parameters are developed, and an evaluation system for the Longtan Formation coal measure rock mass is established. The findings are as follows: (1) Coal measure rocks in Guizhou's Longtan Formation exhibit a relatively low elastic modulus and tensile strength, but a substantial variation in compressive strength. The triaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and residual strength increase nonlinearly with increasing confining pressure. As the confining pressure increases, the failure mode of the mudstone and siltstone transitions from primarily splitting failure to shearing failure. (2) Strong correlations are calculated between logging parameters and rock mechanical parameters and are used to construct three regression prediction models, yielding an average prediction accuracy of approximately 85% for rock mechanical properties. (3) Considering the rock mechanical properties, rock mass structure and stratigraphic characteristics, and the occurrence environment related to the characteristics of rock mass affecting coal measure gas development, eight evaluation indices are selected. The analytic hierarchy process-entropy weighting method is used to determine the weights of the comprehensive evaluation indices, and a coal measure rock mass evaluation system is established by utilizing gray clustering analysis. The evaluation results categorize the mudstone group (mudstone and silty mudstone) as Classes III-IV, the fine sandstone group as Classes I and II, and the siltstone group (muddy siltstone and siltstone) as Classes II and III. A comparative analysis with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results and extenics theory evaluation results demonstrated a high level of consistency. These findings benefit coal measure rock mechanics classification and quantitative research on rock mechanics properties, providing a solid foundation for efficient coal measure gas exploration and development.

Retracted: A Performance Analysis Model for Corporate Human Resource Management Based on Extenics Theory

Retracted: A Performance Analysis Model for Corporate Human Resource Management Based on Extenics Theory

An Intelligent Controller Based on Extension Theory for Batteries Charging and Discharging Control

The main purpose of this paper is to develop an intelligent controller for the DC-link voltage of bidirectional soft-switching converters used in the batteries with equalizing charge and discharge control. To accelerate the equalizing charge and discharge speed of batteries, the DC-link voltage controller of the bidirectional converters is designed based on extension theory. Firstly, the photovoltaic module arrays (PVMAs) are used with the intelligent maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for supplying the power to the load side. Through the bidirectional soft-switching converters, the PVMAs will be allowed to carry out the uniform charging and discharging for the storage battery in order to achieve the intended energy storage and auxiliary power supply functions. In terms of the controller design, the quantitative design techniques are utilized, by which the P-I controller parameters will be designed for the converter when attempting to achieve the same control performance at different working points. As a next step, the aforesaid parameters are used together with the extenics theory. Based on the variation in the output power of the bidirectional converter and that in the voltage of the storage battery, it allows the system to find out the intended P-I controller parameters that will be approximate to the prescribed control performance when operating under different working conditions. As a result, the P-I controller will be provided with more efficient control flexibility and control performances. Finally, actual test results demonstrated that the response time of the proposed intelligent extension controller is shortened by 3% compared to the quantitative design of the proportional–integral (P-I) controller. Based on the proposed quantitative design of an intelligent controller for uniform charging and discharging management of batteries, the sustainable utilization of renewable sources of energy can be improved. At the same time, the better economic benefit of the energy preservation system is obtained. In addition, it also prolongs the life cycle of batteries, and then enhances the reliability of the batteries.

The Hybrid Position/Force Walking Robot Control Using Extenics Theory and Neutrosophic Logic Decision.

This paper presents a hybrid force/position control. We developed it for a hexapod walking robot that combines multiple bipedal robots to increase its load. The control method integrated Extenics theory with neutrosophic logic to obtain a two-stage decision-making algorithm. The first stage was an offline qualitative decision-applying Extenics theory, and the second was a real-time decision process using neutrosophic logic and DSmT theory. The two-stage algorithm separated the control phases into a kinematic control method that used a PID regulator and a dynamic control method developed with the help of sliding mode control (SMC). By integrating both control methods separated by a dynamic switching algorithm, we obtained a hybrid force/position control that took advantage of both kinematic and dynamic control properties to drive a mobile walking robot. The experimental and predicted results were in good agreement. They indicated that the proposed hybrid control is efficient in using the two-stage decision algorithm to drive the hexapod robot motors using kinematic and dynamic control methods. The experiment presents the robot’s foot positioning error while walking. The results show how the switching method alters the system precision during the pendulum phase compared to the weight support phase, which can better compensate for the robot’s dynamic parameters. The proposed switching algorithm directly influences the overall control precision, while we aimed to obtain a fast switch with a lower impact on the control parameters. The results show the error on all axes and break it down into walking stages to better understand the control behavior and precision.

Retracted] A Performance Analysis Model for Corporate Human Resource Management Based on Extenics Theory

There are several problems with the performance analysis of corporate human resource management (HRM), namely, the incomplete index system and the difficulty in decision‐making under multiple fuzzy factors. To solve these problems, this paper improves the method for corporate HRM performance analysis (HRMPA). First, a novel corporate HRMPA index system was established under the principle of comprehensiveness. Next, the fuzzy closeness of corporate HRMPA was calculated based on fuzzy theory, and the extenics correlation coefficient of corporate HRMPA was computed with the aid of the extenics theory. Then, fuzzy extenics factors were introduced to create an integrated corporate HRMPA model. The proposed model was proved valid and feasible through case analysis. The research results shed new light on the theories of HRMPA and enjoy great applicable value in engineering.

Intelligent Dust Removal in Coal Mine Using Extension Data Mining

Coal mine production links will produce dust, which not only pollutes the environment but also endangers the health of coal miners. When the dust concentration is too high, it may cause serious accidents such as dust explosion. Dust removal in coal mines is extremely important. Based on the Extension set theory of Extenics and on the basis of analyzing the working principle and technical characteristics of commonly used dust removal methods, this paper proposes an Extension data mining method for in-depth analysis using environmental open data and large data collected by various sensors, mining measures for intelligent dust removal and worker health protection in coal mines, and illustrates its application strategies with examples. As a new technology of intelligent dust removal, the development trend of Extension data mining and the innovation direction in future applications are prospected.

Airline service quality evaluation for Indonesian low-cost carriers based on Extenics innovation theory

Nowadays, the market is getting competitive in all aspects of the survival of the company. Companies, especially in the service industry, realize that in order to win the market, they need to explore new ways of delighting customers. The airline industry has played a vital role in Indonesia's modern development and competitiveness. Fierce competition and shrinking profits have impelled the airlines to stress upon improving the quality of the services being provided to the passengers. Passengers have become very specific about their service needs and often tend to shift to others that pro-vide better services. Service quality has emerged as a critical consideration for airlines in the competitive global mar-ket, coinciding with Low-Cost Carriers' rapid proliferation (LCCs), bringing a paradigm shift in airline business strat-egy. Twenty-five service quality attributes identified through extensive literature review and results obtained through five modified AIRQUAL dimensions are fruitful for airline managers to address service quality issues. This paper aims to evaluate LCCs’ service quality in Indonesia using the Extenics innovation theory. The Extenics innovation theory is a kind of method with the combination of formalization, quantification, and logicalization. It is effectively applied to put forward creative ideas of new services of airlines. The concepts and principles of service attributes classification based on Extenics are also discussed. To consider interdependence and to calculate the relative importance of each criterion, the AHP method is applied. The study demonstrates and signifies that the Extenics theory and AHP method are promising and pragmatic evaluation model for customer-oriented airline strategic planning. This study has a number of practical implications for LCC airlines, its policy makers and managers. Findings of this study suggest that LCC airlines should focus on appropriate strategies for improving their customers’ satisfaction. Airlines should con-cern on service failures such as delays by providing extra customer care to supplement required material compensation and provide valuable objective feedback and information. A theoretical implication of this study is that Extenics inno-vation theory can classify and prioritize the service attributes of airlines. Further, the scope of future research works has been discussed at the end to conclude the paper.

A Research-Oriented Teaching Model for Public Physical Education in Colleges Based on Extenics Theory

This paper mainly designs a research-oriented teaching (ROT) model for public physical education (PE) in colleges based on extenics theory, which overcomes the limits and defects of the current ROT model for public PE in colleges. From the theoretical perspective, the extenics theory and method were discussed in details for implementing the ROT model for public PE in colleges. From the angle of engineering application, the authors designed an improved evaluation index system (EIS) for the implementation effect of the said ROT model, and developed the corresponding extenics superiority model, which quantifies the implementation effect. The research results further improve the ROT model for public PE in colleges.

Training Model of Innovative Talents in Physical Education Major

In the major of physical education (PE), there are several problems with the training model of innovative talents: the model implementation is affected by numerous factors, the training strategies are unclear, and the measurement of the training effect is highly uncertain. To solve these problems, this paper explores deep into the training model of innovative talents in PE major, through both theoretical analysis and calculation modeling. Firstly, the es-sence of innovative talent training in PE major was summarized, and the training strategies were put forward. On this basis, a measurement model for the training effect was established, based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and extenics theory. The research results provide strong supports to the training of innovative talents in PE major.

Assessing development intensity and ecological risk of islands on the eastern coast of China: Promotion of refined classification management

The development of the marine economy has become a national strategy for China, and islands have become a hot spot for marine economic development. In addition, residents of islands are involved in social and economic activities in coastal zones. In this study, we established an evaluation system for the intensity of island development under the framework of extenics theory. In order to examine the overall development level of the islands in specific areas, we calculated the regional development index. Threat and intensity indices were designed to calculate the pressure that human exploitation puts on island ecosystems, and therefore demonstrate the credibility of the intensity of island development. Forty-six islands along eastern coast of China were chosen for study. The results showed that the numbers of the islands with very low, low, medium, and high intensities of development were 6, 8, 15, and 17, respectively. Among them, Yuhuan Island had the highest intensity of development. The ecological risk indices collected from four types of islands had significant differences, which were very consistent with the results of development intensity. The results of regional island development index showed that Sanmen Gulf was the most developed island region, Yueqing Gulf second and Taizhou Gulf third respectively, while Xiangshan Harbor was a location with very low island development. Finally, based on the demarcation result of the level of development intensity, refined classification management strategies were then proposed. This study provided a basis for island planning and management to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of island resources and avoided damage to resources and a loss of assets.

Effect of Basalt Fibers for Reinforcing Resin-Based Brake Composites

Basalt fiber is an eco-friendly reinforcement fiber in fabricating polymer composites with high specific mechanical physicochemical, biodegradable, and wear resistant properties. This article firstly introduces the composition, morphology, functional group, and thermostability of basalt fibers. Subsequently, friction composites based on a newly designed formulation were fabricated with different content basalt fibers. According to the Chinese National Standard, the physical and mechanical properties and tribological performance of the friction composites were characterized and evaluated. Extension evaluation based on extenics theory was developed to evaluate the relationships between the coefficient of friction and content of basalt fiber. Furthermore, the possible mechanism of basalt fiber reinforced friction composites was proposed.

Evaluation of Open-Pit Mine Security Risk Based on FAHP-Extenics Matter-Element Model

In order to timely find out the safety problems in the production process, in this study, we focused on the present safety situation of ChangShaoHao open-pit gold mine in Inner Mongolia and established the overall safety environment risk evaluation matter-element model based on the Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and extenics theory. In addition, for the analysis, four criteria layer indexes, thirteen sub-criteria layer indexes, and thirty-one measure layer indexes were selected as the overall risk (target layer) evaluation object. The basic data were mainly acquired by the means of on-site investigation, data analysis of the engineering, expert questionnaire, etc., followed by calculating the correlation degree of the bottom indexes with respect to the four safety grades through the extenics theory, and combining with the index weight of other layers obtained by the FAHP method. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation result was worked out. The overall security level of the open-pit mine is II, indicating that the overall safety level of the open-pit mine is acceptable. Simultaneously, some serious risks on mine’s safety need to be observed. The evaluation result fitted under the practical situation of the engineering, providing a good decision-making basis for the safe production and management work of gold mine.

Innovative Intelligent Methodology for the Classification of Soil Salinization Degree Using a Fractional-Order Master-Slave Chaotic System

Soil salinization has become a highly significant eco-system issue that is encountered all over the world. Serious soil salinization leads to soil deterioration and has a negative impact on sustainable development of the eco-system and agriculture. However, the spectral reflectance of soils with high overlap and indecipherability makes it difficult to classify the soil salinization degree quickly and accurately. In this paper, an innovative, intelligent methodology using a fractional-order chaotic system to classify the soil salinization degree is proposed. To select a suitable order for the fractional-order chaotic system, the integer-order and noninteger order master-slave Lorenz chaotic systems were used to observe variations in the phase plane distributions. Movement traces of the chaotic system show that severely saline soil will exhibit more active changes, and its distribution status of the Lorenz chaotic system will be more scattered. After analyzing the characteristics of phase plane distributions, a preferred 0.9 fractional-order chaotic system is selected to obtain good analytical characteristics. Finally, extenics theory is used to verify the accuracy of salinization status classified by the coordinate values of the chaotic attractors, and an extenic matter element model is established to analyze the salinization degree. From the results, it was found that 100% analysis accuracy in the judgment of salinization level could be achieved under noninteger order status, and this judgment method is also suitable for soils in different human activity areas. This method has now become a benchmark for testing soil salinization with a chaotic system and is an innovative method that can be used to test the soil salinization degree quickly and accurately.

Study on Disease Mechanism and Theoretical Quantification Method of Tunnel Structure

Most tunnel structures tend to have different degrees of structural damage such as leakage, concrete cracking, lining salinization, and falling blocks after the operation for a period. Compared with the diversity of tunnel disease detection methods, there are few studies on the methods of quantifying and evaluating the main structural diseases of the lining. Based on the regular inspection data of expressway tunnels in Liaoning Province, this paper summarizes the distribution characteristics and laws of existing structural defects of tunnel lining. In addition, based on the in‐depth study of the main structural diseases of the tunnel, the extenics theory is used to extract, quantify and classify several indicators that can accurately reflect the health status of the structure, and then establish the corresponding matter‐element model to determine the weight of each indicator and the tunnel structure. The comprehensive correlation degree of disease grades is combined with the qualitative evaluation and quantitative research of lining structure diseases to construct a health evaluation system for tunnel lining structures, which is convenient for managers to make reasonable decisions. At the same time, combined with the actual test data of tunnel engineering, the calculation and analysis of the extension model are carried out to verify the engineering applicability of the model.

Research on Safety Evaluation Method of Hydropower Plant based on Extension Theory

The theory of extenics is used to evaluate the safety of hydropower plants. The theory of matter element analysis and the theory of extension set are introduced into the evaluation, applying the concept of extenics, create a set of matter element analysis model, structure a set of evaluation index system for safety of hydropower plants. By calculating the extension correlation degree between each index and each evaluation grade, the safety of the hydropower plant is evaluated. At the same time, the weight coefficient is determined by the analytic hierarchy process. In the realization of comprehensive and quantitative evaluation, ensure the objectivity of the whole process of evaluation and avoid the influence of human subjective factors.

Study on Stability of Bridge Piers Pierced by Tunnels based on Factor Analysis and Extension Theory

To guide the safe construction of tunnels and ensure the safe operation of roads and bridges, a bridge pier stability evaluation model based on factor analysis and extension theory method was proposed. Firstly,10 factors affecting the stability of the pier are selected as evaluation indicators from the three aspects of rock formation deformation, pier sturdiness, and tunnel impact. Secondly, the 12 bridge piers of the Kuiba tunnel underneath the Yanba highway bridge are actually implemented. The principle of factor analysis is used to process the resulting index decision matrix, construct the comprehensive evaluation function of the index, and determine the indicators that need to be focused on the governance and ordering. Finally, combined with the theory of extenics, the multi-index comprehensive correlation degree of each bridge pier on different stability levels was obtained,and the integrated stability grade of the under piers of the 12 tunnels was further judged. In all 12 bridge piers, except for one which is in an unstable grade, all others are at stable level. The evaluation results are consistent with the unascertained evaluation results of the bridge pier stability in literature, which can provide reference for the evaluation of the stability of piers.

The application of Extenics in the flipped classroom of “Basic Principle of Marxism”

On the basis of the current research, this article will apply the theory of extenics for establishing the teaching system of “Basic Principle of Marxism”flipped classroom. It will also expand the application of the results of the students’ curriculum practice according to the analysis of the matter element, improve the actual value of students’ curriculum results, and offer new ideas for the establishment of flipped classroom.

Extenics Analysis of Regional Innovation Coordination Ability

The study reviews Chinese and international regional innovation capacity and extenics theory, and applies extenics theory to construct a measurement model of regional innovation coordination. It empirically researches 31 Chinese provinces on the coordination of regional innovation in both 2007 and 2015. The research findings indicate that the Industry-University-Research status is not optimistic in China: on the one hand, the coordination abilities of most enterprises are relatively low; and on the other hand, compared with 2007, the proportion of areas with good coordination dropped 10% in 2015. It is thus clear that the effect of adjustments by relevant government departments relating to Industry-University-Research is poor and the coordination of innovation abilities in some provinces are falling rather than rising. Relevant decision-making authorities should take note of this and take more effective measures to promote the coordination of research cooperation and to enhance regional coordination.

Accelerating preliminary low-carbon design for products by integrating TRIZ and Extenics methods

Low-carbon performance as well as the quality and cost of a new product are normally emphasized in the early phase of low-carbon design for products. Although the TRIZ method and Extenics theory ca...