The observed emission-line ratios of the extended emission-line regions of Cen A and 3C 227 are compared with the theoretical results from photoionization models, assuming a power-law spectrum for the nuclear ionizing radiation. It is shown that a variation of the optical depth of the emitting gas can mimic a variation of the ionization parameter. Most of the observational data are explained if each subregion in the extended emission-line gas is characterized by a different value of the optical depth and shows a small density contrast between a «cloud» and a more dilute gas. However, the observed [O III] line ratio cannot be reproduced by photoionization, and an additional heating mechanism is required