To summarize the pertinent findings of this review, it may be said that reorganization of the primate cortex is indicated at a number of levels. Intrinsic thalamic afferents to the cortex increase with increasing association cortex. A series of various indices were given to illustrate this, such as the A/S ratio, and various surface areal and volume measures. At a more molecular level, comparative, ontogenetic and experimental evidence showed that increasing brain size is associated with decreased density, or increased gray cell coefficient, and that this is paralleled by increase in dentritic branching parameters. With the increase in dendritic branching, and thus more synapses through more connectivity, the complexity of behavior was seen to increase. The experimental evidence tried to show this point. Finally, it was suggested that this interpretation based on a conceptual distinction between complexity processes in behavior and that of emergence with respect to the code or arbitrary representative factors, could be integrated with the quantitative-emergence views of Hebb and Herrick, as well as ablation data. While little space was devoted to the neurophysiological aspects, enough had been presented concerning Clare and Bishop's view to find a means of integration of this aspect with the purely anatomical. The following sections will attempt to relate these discussions of reorganization at all the levels discussed to some aspects of the emergent, specifically human kind of behavior. Three hypotheses will suggest relevant neurological mechanisms that might relate to behaviors of kind rather than degree. This will then be followed by a discussion of hominid evolution and the fossil record, and an attempt will be made to relate aspects of this dichotomy to the evolution of man. While the interpretations of this section may be open to question, one fact clearly emerges from all this discussion: a comparison of cerebral units (volumes) is not a comparison of equal units. Endocasts cannot show this. Discussions of the brain in terms of total mass must be replaced by more molecular appreciation of the range of structural and behavior changes for different extant primate species. Quantification is but one necessary early step toward systems synthesis of the naturalistic and anatomical data.