Expulsion Period Research Articles

Chronopharmacotherapy and correction of central pressure in the aorta, structural and functional state of the left ventricular in patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic stroke

Objective. To evaluate the dynamics of central aortic pressure and the cardioprotective effect of antihypertensive chronopharmacotherapy in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and ischemic stroke. Materials and methods. The study included 119 patients with AH who has suffered an ischemic stroke; patients were randomized in 2 groups depending on the chronopharmacotherapy option: group 1 (n = 60) – patients who received indapamide retard 1.5 mg and valsartan 160 mg in the morning; group 2 (n = 59) – indapamide retard 1.5 mg in the morning and valsartan 80 mg each in the morning and before bedtime. After 2 months of pharmacotherapy, the achievement of the target level of blood pressure was assessed. In group 1, blood pressure was recorded in 47 (78.3 %), in group 2 – in 56 (94.9 %) patients (p < 0.05). The rest of the respondents, who did not reach the blood pressure target, underwent correction of antihypertensive therapy and were excluded from further follow-up. Accordingly, further follow-up was carried out in 47 patients of group 1 (group 1a) and 56 patients of group 2 (group 2a). Initially and after 12 months of therapy, echocardiography parameters ("ALOKA SSD 2500", Japan), as well as daily blood pressure monitoring with determination of central aortic pressure (Peter Telegin LLC BPLabVasotens, Russia) were performed. The results of the study were processed using the Statistica 12.0 program (StatSoftInc, USA). Results. At the time of inclusion in the study, the main parameters of the central aortic pressure and echocardiography parameters in both groups of patients were equivalent. After 12 months a statistically more significant decrease in the main parameters of the central aortic pressure (average daily systolic and diastolic pressure in the aorta, pulse pressure in the aorta, augmentation index in the aorta, amplification of pulse pressure, duration of the expulsion period, subendocardial blood flow efficiency index), as well as echocardiography indicators was recorded in group 2a (end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, thickness of the interventricular septum, thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricular myocardium, left ventricular myocardial mass, left ventricular myocardial mass index and ejection fraction) (p < 0.05). The left ventricular myocardial geometry normalized during therapy was recorded significantly more often in group 2a than in group 1a (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Two times a day intake of valsartan with thiazidelike diuretic in the morning facilitated more significant improvement of central aortic pressure, echocardiography parameters and as well as an improvement in the geometry of the left ventricular myocardium comparing to just morning intake.

A study on the accumulation model of the Santos basin in Brazil utilizing the source–reservoir dynamic evaluation method

The exploration potential within deep-water petroliferous basins holds great promise for oil and gas resources. However, the dearth of geochemical and isotopic data poses a formidable challenge in comprehending the intricate hydrocarbon charging processes, thereby impeding the comprehensive understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms and models. Consequently, the establishment of robust source–reservoir relationships in deep-water petroliferous basins represents a pivotal challenge that significantly influences the exploration strategies and the comprehension of hydrocarbon enrichment dynamics within such basins. In this study, we introduce a novel approach, termed the “source–reservoir dynamic evaluation method,” tailored to investigate reservoir accumulation models in deep-water petroliferous basins. This method uses basin simulation technology to recover the thermal evolution history and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history of source rocks, and on this basis delimits the hydrocarbon kitchen range. At the same time, the maturity of source rocks corresponding to crude oil and natural gas in typical reservoirs is calculated. Then, when the thermal evolution degree of source rocks adjacent to the reservoir reaches this maturity, the corresponding geological period is the main charging period of hydrocarbon. As a typical deep-water petroliferous basin, the Santos Basin in Brazil has abundant oil and gas reservoirs under the thick salt rock, but there are still some fundamental problems such as unclear oil–gas accumulation process and model. Therefore, in this paper, the main charging periods of typical hydrocarbon reservoirs are determined based on the internal relationship between the thermal evolution history of the main source rocks and the maturity of crude oil and natural gas, and then the hydrocarbon accumulation process is analyzed and the dynamic accumulation model is established. Finally, the favorable prospecting direction is pointed out. The results show that the oil and gas in the Barra Velha Formation in the Santos basin are mainly derived from the Itapema Formation lacustrine shale source rock, and the source rock is mainly developed in the Eastern Sag of the Central Depression, and its main hydrocarbon generation period is from the deposition period of Florianopolis Formation to the deposition period of Santos Formation. The main hydrocarbon expulsion period was from the deposition period of the Santos Formation to the Early deposition of the Iguape Formation. The oil and gas in the Barra Velha Formation were mainly charged from the Late deposition period of the Santos Formation to the Early deposition period of the Iguape Formation. During this period, the hydrocarbon migrated vertically along the normal fault formed in the rift period to the trap of the adjacent inheritance structural highs and accumulated in the reservoir, which was dominated by the accumulation model of the “lower generation-upper reservoir-salt cap”. Since the Barra Velha Formation has the characteristics of near-source accumulation, based on the hydrocarbon expulsion center and hydrocarbon expulsion intensity of the source rock of the Itapema Formation, the distribution ranges of 85% and 50% Pre-salt accumulation probability in the Santos basin were calculated by using the quantitative analysis model of the hydrocarbon distribution threshold. It is suggested that the next oil and gas exploration should be carried out in the paleo-structural highs and slope of Class I favorable area (the hydrocarbon accumulation probability is more than 85%) and Class II favorable area (the hydrocarbon accumulation probability is 85–50%).

Difficult fetal extraction in cesarean section: Number 8 - 2024.

The main causes of difficult fetal extraction during cesarean section are deeply impacted fetal head and floating presentation of the fetus. Studies of management techniques for difficult fetal extraction during cesarean section and the maternal and neonatal results lack scientific evidence, as these predominantly come from case reports, small case series and expert opinions. The deeply impacted fetal head is usually associated with prolongation of the expulsion period and/or unsuccessful attempts at operative vaginal delivery. The main maternal complications associated with the management of the deeply impacted fetal head are lacerations in the lower uterine segment, hematomas in the uterine ligaments and injuries to the uterine vessels, cervix and/or urinary tract. The main neonatal complications associated with the management of a deeply impacted fetal head are intracranial hemorrhage, fractures of the skull and/or cervical spine, nerve injuries, perinatal asphyxia and even death. Among the maneuvers for delivery of the deeply impacted fetal head, the abdominovaginal delivery (push method) seems to be the most associated with maternal and neonatal complications. In the non-insinuated and floating fetal head, the internal podalic version followed by pelvic extraction differs from the reverse breech extraction (pull method). When the fetal head is high in the pelvis, the fetus is internally ejected before the extraction of its body segments, similar to the internal version performed in the vaginal delivery of the second twin with floating presentation of the fetus.

Care of women and application of the principle of informed consent to interventions during birth in the COVID-19 pandemic period.

In the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, inadequate intrapartum care protocols were in place. Many organizations have responded promptly and recognized the importance of adherence to appropriate guidelines. The International Confederation of Midwives issued an official statement on 29 March 2020, which states that every woman has the right to information, to give consent, to refuse consent, and to have her choices and decisions respected and upheld. No research has been conducted in Lithuania to reveal the care of women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic and the application of informed consent to interventions. This study is quantitative of cross-sectional design. An anonymous questionnaire survey method was used. One hundred fifty-two women who gave birth in Lithuania during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 - May 2022) and had COVID-19 infection during childbirth, participated in the study. Statistical data analysis was performed. During the COVID-19 pandemic, women's care was characterized by always or almost always adequate information from health professionals on all issues to minimize the stress of new procedures necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic and allowing them to stay with newborns as long as possible. The application of the principle of informed consent to interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic was not always applied to the performance of transvaginal examination manual compression of the uterine fundus to facilitate the expulsion period. Most women said that they were properly informed by healthcare professionals about all questions related to the new procedures that became necessary due to the COVID-19 pandemic and felt included in their own choice. However, mothers felt the need of relatives during childbirth, and consent was often not asked for vaginal examination.

Further study on the genesis of lamellar calcite veins in lacustrine black shale—A case study of Paleogene in Dongying Depression, China

Lamellar calcite veins are prevalent in carbonate-rich, lacustrine dark shale. The formation mechanisms of these veins have been extensively debated, focusing on factors such as timing, depth, material source, and driving forces. This paper examines dark lacustrine shale lamellar calcite veins in the Paleogene strata of Dongying Depression, using various analytical techniques: petrography, isotope geochemistry, cathodoluminescence, inclusion thermometry, and electron probe micro-analysis. Two distinct types of calcite veins have been identified: granular calcite veins and sparry calcite veins. These two types differ significantly in color, grain structure, morphology, and inclusions. Through further investigation, it was observed that vein generation occurred from the shallow burial period to the maturation of organic matter, with a transition from granular calcite veins to sparry calcite veins. The granular calcite veins exhibit characteristics associated with the shallow burial period, including plastically deformed laminae and veins, the development of strawberry pyrite, the absence of oil and gas, weak fractionation in oxygen isotopes, and their contact relationship with sparry calcite veins. These granular calcite veins were likely influenced by the reduction of sulfate bacteria. On the other hand, sparry calcite veins with fibrous grains are antitaxial and closely linked to the evolution and maturation of organic matter. They contain oil and gas inclusions and show a distribution range of homogenization temperature between 90 °C and 120 °C and strong fractionation in oxygen isotopes, indicating formation during the hydrocarbon expulsion period. The carbon isotope analysis of the surrounding rocks and veins suggests that the material for vein formation originates from the shale itself, specifically authigenic micritic calcite modified by the action of methanogens. The opening of horizontal fractures and vein formation is likely driven by fluid overpressure resulting from undercompaction and hydrocarbon expulsion. Veins may form rapidly or through multi-stage composite processes. Early veins are predominantly formed in situ, while late veins are a result of continuous fluid migration and convergence. Furthermore, the veins continue to undergo modification even after formation. This study emphasizes that the formation of lamellar calcite veins in shale is a complex diagenetic process influenced by multiple factors: biology, organic matter, and inorganic processes, all operating at various stages throughout the shale's diagenetic history.

Formation of natural fractures and their impact on shale oil accumulation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China

Lacustrine shale oil reservoirs of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Bain, NW China contain abundant oil resources, with the highest daily oil production of a single well reaching over 700 barrels. Based on core and thin section observation along with borehole image interpretation, this study integrated paleotectonic stress regime, fluid inclusion analysis, and calcite UPb dating to clarify fracturing periods and discuss the influence of fractures on shale oil accumulation. Results show that natural opening-mode fractures are widespread in the Fengcheng Formation, which play an important role in oil accumulation. Fractures are developed in several stages and filled by three minerals: reedmergnerite, quartz and calcite. Reedmergnerite and quartz fillings show similar fluid inclusions and petrographic features, with numerous hydrocarbon inclusions compared to aqueous ones, yet, such inclusions were less observed in calcite fillings. Fractures in the study area were formed in two separate stages. In the first period, due to the NW-SE compression of the Hercynian movement, the WNW-ESE and NNW-SSE striking fractures were formed in the Late Permian, with Th values of 95–115 °C. The first stage of fractures coincided with hydrocarbon generation, providing migration pathways for the oil. In the second period, due to the nearly SN compression of the Indosinian movement, the NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW striking fractures were formed in the late Triassic, with Th values of 120–140 °C. The second stage of fractures was formed subsequent to major hydrocarbon generation and expulsion period, hence their contribution to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation was found relatively minor. Moreover, fractures with the nearly E-W, ENE-WSW and WNW-ESE strikes intersect with the present-day maximum horizontal principal stress at a small angle, with large apertures and good connectivity, which should have a positive impact on shale oil accumulation.

Improving Delivery Outcomes with the Application of Murottal Therapy Al-Qur'an on Length of Second Stage of Labor and Apgar Score.

Introduction: The second stage of labor is called the expulsion period, starting when the opening of the cervix is complete (10 cm) and ending with the birth of the baby with his force and straining the fetus is pushed out until birth. Childbirth is a stress response that the body responds to. Anxiety in pregnant women is caused by psychosocial factors such as the need for security and comfort. Al-Qur'an stimulants can generate delta waves of 63.11% with reduced anxiety in the mother making the muscles more relaxed and the mother can go through labor easily so there are no cases of prolonged labor and can improve the welfare of the fetus. Method: This type of research is a quasi-experimental study that aims to determine the increase in labor outcomes by applying the Murottal Al-Quran to the Length of the Second Stage of Labor and the APGAR Score. While the research design used was a pre- experimental design with a posttest only with a control group design to measure the effect of murottal QS. Ar-Rahman in the experimental group by comparing it with the control group. The population in this study were all mothers giving birth during the first active phase at the Ar-Rahmah Indaralaya Maternity Clinic in Palembang. Results: There were 66 respondents (55.5%) who applied Murottal Al-Quran with a duration of 2 under 1 hour, while 53 respondents (44.5%) did not apply Murottal Al-Quran with a duration of 2 under 1 hour. Respondents who applied Murottal Al-Quran in the absence of asphyxia were 64 people (66%) while respondents who did not apply Murottal Al-Quran in the absence of perineal rupture were 33 people (34%). Discussion: There was a difference in the length of stage II between the intervention group and the control group after the application of Murottal Al- Qur'an and there were differences in APGAR scores between the intervention group and the control group after the application of Murottal Al-Qur'an.

Gifts from Amin: Ugandan Asian refugees in Canada, By ShezanMuhammedi, Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press. 2022. pp. 288. $27.95 (paperback). ISBN: 978‐0887552830

Gifts from Amin: Ugandan Asian refugees in Canada is a poignant exploration of the pluralities of identity in a global world. Shezan Muhammedi traces the history of Asians living in Uganda, their place in Ugandan history, and their subsequent expulsion under the order of President Idi Amin. From his interviews with Ugandan Asian refugees who resettled in Canada, Muhammedi blends together intimate personal narratives with their broader historical contexts. Gifts from Amin provides a model of an alternative historical record, one which demonstrates that people are not powerless recipients of history, but active participants in the construction of their worlds. South Asians had a steady presence in East African society for centuries, primarily through participation in Indian Ocean trade networks. However, under British colonial rule during the 19th century, Asian populations in East Africa increased significantly—as merchants, indentured labourers, or government officials. The British colonial system stratified Ugandan society, favouring Asians over Africans, placing Asians in the center of the “colonial sandwich” (p. 22). This strategy used social divisions as protection against unified resistance between Africans and Asians to colonial rule. After Ugandan independence, Asians were forced to decide between retaining British or Ugandan citizenship, but could not have both. Logistical barriers to acquiring Ugandan citizenship were part of a project by the Ugandan government to portray Asians as outsiders, oppressors, and colonial collaborators. The culmination of this project was the expulsion order issued by Idi Amin in August of 1972, ordering all Asians to leave Uganda within 90 days. The Canadian government agreed to assist Britain in the resettlement of Ugandan Asian expellees. Muhammedi argues that the government's motivation for resettlement was a mix of humanitarianism and national benefit. The idea was that “these people are not destitute refugees, they are the most desirable type of immigrants” (p. 78) for a multicultural Canadian society. By the end of the 90-day expulsion period, 4,624 Ugandan Asians resettled in Canada. Muhammedi also illustrates the ways that identity formation is fluid through the narratives of Ugandan Asian “refugees” (a term Muhammedi chose because all 49 oral history participants self-identified as refugees). While in Uganda, Asians retained their cultural, ethnic, or religious identities. However, many Asians also identified as Ugandan, especially those who had been born and raised in East Africa. After the expulsion order, Ugandan Asians had to learn how to enmesh within the Canadian social fabric. The complexities of social identity are particularly evident among second-generation Ugandan Asians who had been born and raised in Canada. It is a project of forming your own personal identity while existing within a system of contradictory classifications. As one oral history participant aptly says, “I am a Canadian, a Ugandan, an African, an Indian and a Goan. You don't have to choose … I embrace all of them. They are all a part of [my] psyche” (p. 204). Gifts from Amin also shows us the ways in which colonial racial stratification was both reified and challenged by Asians in Uganda. Some used their proximity to the colonizer to gain access to wealth and resources, exploiting Ugandan Africans in the process. However, Muhammedi shows how many others were simply trying to exist under conditions of limited mobility. The process of immigration into Canada also required another kind of stratification, not just for Ugandan Asians expellees, but for all who enter through contemporary immigration policies. The Canadian state uses metrics, ones less explicit than race—points, refugee status, country of origin, etc. While not an identical comparison, the discursive similarities are still important to recognize. Systems to organize people also serve to divide them. Gifts from Amin narrates the impacts of manufacturing otherness across Uganda and Canada, and their long-standing and far-reaching implications. Gifts from Amin sheds light on how history is something that is experienced both personally and politically. The use of oral history is the most moving part of the book. It is a history of a community, a history of a country, and a history of our modern world. With migration as one of the pressing issues of the day, Gifts from Amin asks us both who is the migrant and what is a nation. But most importantly, it asks us to hold the complexities of how these two ideas fit together. Just maybe, they can be more than we ever imagined.

Influence of the Emeishan basalt eruption on hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of Sinian (Ediacaran) algal dolomite in Sichuan Basin

Deep marine carbonate oil and gas resources in the Sichuan Basin are currently key exploration areas. As an important tectonic thermal event, the Emeishan mantle plume has an important influence on the source rocks under the Middle-Lower Permian in the Sichuan Basin. Therefore, the better understanding of the effect of Emeishan basalt eruption on source rock is vital for the exploration of marine oil and gas resources. On the basis of the thermal history study of the Sichuan Basin, this study restored the thermal maturity of the algal dolomite of the Sinian (Ediacaran) Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin in normal evolution. Using the hydrocarbon generation potential variation method, the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of normally evolved algal dolomite and algal dolomite affected by basalt eruption were calculated. Through comparison, the influence of the Emeishan mantle plume on the algal dolomite of the Sinian Dengying Formation is analyzed. The research indicates that the thermal effect of the Emeishan mantle plume promotes the maturation of algal dolomite, which leads to the shortening of the oil generation period and the early arrival of the gas generation peak. The main hydrocarbon expulsion period of the normally evolved algal dolomite should be from the end of the Triassic to the end of the Jurassic, while the main hydrocarbon expulsion period of the algal dolomite affected by basalt eruption was advanced to the end of Silurian to the end of Triassic. In the current period, due to the high maturity of algal dolomite, the Emeishan mantle plume has little impact on the total resources.

Dietary organic trace mineral supplement affects steroid hormone, antioxidant enzyme concentrations, and reproductive performances in dairy cows

Supplementation of organic trace mineral (OTM) may affect reproductive functions in several aspects and has been studied, but very rare is reported in dairy cows. To determine the effects of dietary OTM supplement during pre- and postpartum with timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol on steroid hormones, antioxidant enzymes, and reproductive performances in dairy cows. Prepartum Holstein cows (n = 60) were randomly assigned to received either a control diet or OTM supplemented for 42 days. Both groups were fed the same total mixed ration, but were supplemented with 5 g/head/d OTM (Bioplex®) in the treatment group. Blood and follicular fluid samples were collected to determine progesterone (P4), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and estradiol (E2) concentrations. Cows fed OTM had better placental expulsion period, milk yield, and reproductive performance parameters (day to first ovulation and estrus, percentage of first estrus and size of preovulatory follicle) than control cows (P < 0.05). Cows fed OTM affected (P < 0.05) the serum concentration of P4 on days 12, 15, 18, 21, and 42 after TAI. Follicular fluid concentrations of E2 in large follicle in OTM cows were greater than control cows (336.3 and 376.9 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Cows supplemented with OTM had greater serum SOD and GSH-Px activities than control cows (15.5 vs. 10.6 U/mL and 12.1 vs. 9.9 U/mL; P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplements with OTM improved uterine and placental health, steroid hormones concentrations, and antioxidant enzyme activities but did not improve conception rate in dairy cows.

Women's perception of labor and birth care: obstacles to humanization.

to understand women's perception regarding the care received during labor and birth. this is a descriptive-exploratory, qualitative study carried out with 54 postpartum women from hospitals in the Metropolitan Region II of the state of Rio de Janeiro, from January to December 2018, using semi-structured interviews submitted to content analysis. puerperal women's perceptions about the childbirth care they received indicated the use of interventions, such as pressure maneuvers on the uterine fundus during the expulsion period - Kristeller maneuver, episiotomy and repeated vaginal examination and without consent. The use of institutional routines, such as zero diet, horizontal birth and disrespect. despite the encouragement of public humanization policies, the technocratic model is still present in obstetric care during childbirth. The humanization of obstetric care requires changes in attitudes and care paradigms, in order to guarantee respect and the right to quality care.

Professor Goryaev N. K. (To the 30th anniversary of scientific, pedagogical and social activities)

Nikolai Konstantinovich Goryaev was born on 12/VI 1875 in the city of Tyumen, Tobolsk province, in the family of the manager of a free post office. In 1894 he graduated from the Orenburg gymnasium with a gold medal and entered the St. Petersburg Mining Institute. But N.K. was not attracted by the future activity of a mining engineer, and from the second year he left the Mining Institute and in 1895 entered the medical faculty of Moscow University. In connection with student unrest and participation in them, N.K. in the fall of 1898, he was expelled from Moscow University without the right to enroll in higher educational institutions with deportation to Orenburg under the public supervision of the police. At the end of the expulsion period in 1899, NK entered Kazan University for the third year of the medical faculty with great difficulties. On October 18, 1902, he passed the state examinations, received a doctor's diploma with a medical degree with honors, and remained to work as an external student at the Hospital. therapeutic clinic (director - prof. Kotovshchikov), and then becomes a supernumerary resident in the Faculty Therapeutic Clinic of Professor NI Kotovshchikov and consecutively occupies the positions of supernumerary resident, full-time resident, laboratory assistant and senior assistant in the same clinic.

Tecnologias não farmacológicas e tempo de trabalho de parto e parto: revisão sistemática sem metanálise

Objetivo: identificar, na literatura, associações entre o uso de tecnologias não farmacológicas e o tempo de trabalho de parto e parto. Métodos: revisão sistemática sem metanálise, incluindo somente ensaios clínicos randomizados. Fator de exposição: terapias não farmacológicas de alívio da dor. Desfecho: tempo de trabalho de parto e parto. Resultados: nove artigos foram identificados. Três não apresentaram eficácia relacionada ao tempo de trabalho de parto e parto, contudo, um obteve para os dois períodos do trabalho de parto e parto, dois para a duração total do trabalho de parto e parto, um para o período expulsivo de forma isolada e duração total do trabalho de parto e parto e dois somente para o período expulsivo. Conclusão: as tecnologias não farmacológicas de alívio da dor, aplicadas de forma isolada ou combinada, apresentam potencial efetivo no alívio da dor de parturientes e redução significativa do tempo de trabalho de parto e parto.

Bolos epidurales intermitentes programados para mantenimiento de la analgesia del trabajo de parto: Estudio observacional, analítico de tipo cohorte

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre analgesia epidural mantenida mediante Bolos epidurales intermitentes programados (BEIP) y las complicaciones materno-perinatales. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de tipo Cohorte en gestantes entre 18 y 35 años, en trabajo de parto con dilatación cervical de 4 centímetros o más, agrupadas en dos cohortes según administración o no de analgesia epidural: En las gestantes del Grupo A, se administró analgesia epidural en bolo, con mantenimiento mediante BEIP con bupivacaína 0.0625% y fentanilo 25 ug en 10cc cada 60 minutos; en las gestantes del grupo B, no se administró analgesia epidural. Resultados: La duración del periodo de dilatación y expulsivo fue mayor en el grupo que recibió analgesia epidural de (532.91 ± 254 minutos) y de (429.19 ± 311 minutos) en el que no recibió; el tiempo del periodo expulsivo fue (16.97 ± 16 minutos) y (11.76 ± 10 minutos) en el grupo B, (p < 0.05); menor incidencia de desgarros perineales de primer grado en el grupo que recibió analgesia (16.12 % VS 25.35%; p=0.014). No se encontraron diferencias en la vía de culminación del parto, puntuación de APGAR, necesidad de reanimación neonatal e ingreso a Unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). Conclusiones: Las gestantes que recibieron analgesia epidural mediante BEIP tuvieron una mayor duración del periodo de dilatación y del expulsivo, menor incidencia de desgarros perineales, sin incrementar la morbilidad neonatal.

Influence of newborn head circumference and birth weight on the delivery mode of primipara: what is more important?

Objectives Aim of the study was to analyze the impact of head circumference (HC) and birth weight (BW) on the delivery mode and delivery outcomes. Methods Study population consisted of pregnancy, delivery and newborn data from 1,762 women, who delivered between 2004 and 2016at University Hospital of Zurich (UHZ). Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for mode of delivery. Newborns were sorted into four groups according HC or BW. To evaluate the association between HC and delivery outcome, a descriptive analysis was performed. In addition reference charts of newborn HC at term were constructed. Results OR for instrumental delivery (ID) was 2.37 (CI 95%, 1.63-3.46), for C-Section (CS) 3.74 (CI 95%, 1.49-9.37) when HC>36cm. OR for ID was 1.59 (CI 95%, 1.02-2.50), for CS 3.18 (CI 95% 1.08-9.350) when BW was>4,000g. OR for ID was 2.15 (95% CI, 1.69-2.73), for CS 1.93 (95% CI, 0.89-4.18) when HC≥36cm and BW<4000g. OR for ID was 2.23 (95% CI, 1.35-3.67), for CS 4.39 (95% CI, 1.48-12.99) when HC≥36cm and BW≥4,000g. HC≥36cm was defined as large in our study. Mothers with higher age and body mass index delivered babies with larger HC (p<0.05). Blood loss and duration of expulsion period and BW was associated with larger HC (p<0.05). Conclusions The rate of ID and CS increased in case of a larger HC and greater BW. However, the main prognostic factor for ID was size of HC:≥36cm, but not macrosomia.

Oil and gas source and accumulation of Zhongqiu 1 trap in Qiulitage structural belt, Tarim Basin, NW China

Abstract Well Zhongqiu 1 obtained highly productive oil-gas stream in the footwall of Zhongqiu structure, marking the strategic breakthrough of Qiulitag structural belt in the Tarim Basin. However, the oil and gas sources in Zhongqiu structural belt and the reservoir formation process in Zhongqiu 1 trap remain unclear, so study on these issues may provide important basis for the next step of oil and gas exploration and deployment in Qiulitage structural belt. In this study, a systematic correlation of oil and gas source in Well Zhongqiu 1 has been carried out. The oil in Well Zhongqiu 1 is derived from Triassic lacustrine mudstone, while the gas is a typical coal-derived gas and mainly from Jurassic coal measures. The oil charging in Well Zhongqiu 1 mainly took place during the sedimentary period from Jidike Formation to Kangcun Formation in Neogene, and the oil was mainly contributed by Triassic source rock; large-scale natural gas charging occurred in the sedimentary period of Kuqa Formation in Neogene, and the coal-derived gas generated in the late Jurassic caused large-scale gas invasion to the early Triassic crude oil reservoirs. The Zhongqiu 1 trap was formed earlier than or at the same period as the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion period of Triassic-Jurassic source rocks. Active faults provided paths for hydrocarbon migration. The source rocks-faults-traps matched well in time and space. Traps in the footwall of the Zhongqiu structural fault have similar reservoir-forming conditions with the Zhongqiu 1 trap, so they are favorable targets in the next step of exploration.

BENEFITS AND DIFFICULTIES OF OBSTETRIC PSYCHOPROPHYLAXIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN, GUAYAS -ECUADOR

The objective of this research work was to determine the benefits and difficulties of obstetric psychoprophylaxis in pregnant women of the Cerecita Health Center, Guayas - Ecuador from January - December 2017. The study design is non-experimental, cases and controls, retrospective, in the The research methodology used the data collection form and an ad hoc form was prepared. To carry out the investigation, an application was submitted to the director of the health center. The sample consisted of 80 nulliparous and multiparous pregnant women, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The following results were obtained: that if there are significant benefits with pregnant women who attended the psychoprophylaxis sessions; With an adequate assistance of pregnant women, 70% completed all the sessions of Psychoprophylaxis, with a time of less than 6 hours of the dilation period of 46.43%; With an expulsion period of less than 25 minutes in 76.79% More eutocic deliveries in 82.14% of the pregnant women who completed the PPO sessions, 78.57% of the cases did not require medication in the dilation phase; Apgar at the minute, greater than 8 in 96.43%, and at 5 minutes in 98.21%. Only 1.78% of the newborns of the mothers in the case group had apnea and in fetuses of 3500 gms or more, the 40% had an expulsive no greater than 25 minutes. The benefits observed in the present study, on labor, on the newborn, was a better Apgar at the first minute of life (p = 0.091x10-4, OR = 9).

Erosion and its Implication on Hydrocarbon Generation in ‘ARD’ Block, Akimeugah Basin,West Papua

Akimeugah Basin in the western part of Aru Trough is included as a Paleozoic Basin which is one of the potential hydrocarbon-producing basins in Eastern Indonesia. Tectonic evolution in Akimeugah Basin during Cambrian to present has produced a very significant erosion that affected the hydrocarbon generation process. ‘ARD’ Block study uses three exploratory well data including well report and 26 lines of 2D seismic data with a total length of 5,812.55 kilometers and the distance between seismic lines ranging from 10 to 15 kilometers. Seismic data is processed with IHS Kingdom software for tectonostratigraphy analysis, while calculation and erosion analysis are performed by combining well data consisting of sonic, vitrinite reflectance and seismic. To get a burial history model and generation &amp; expulsion period, this study utilizes Petromod software. Five phases of the tectonic evolution led to four times of erosional period with a sediment thickness of 290 – 3,370 feet were loss. The erosion of the sedimentary rocks causes the maturation process delayed more than 200 million years. Burial history in the study area with the erosion absence assumption results a hydrocarbon generation starting from around 210 million years ago. Meanwhile, by considering the loss of eroded sedimentary rocks during four tectonic phases, hydrocarbon generation time just occurred 3.1 million years ago.

Optical diagnostics of the condition of the cardio vascular system on the basis of optoelectronic methods

In the present work we have investigated the parameters of peripheral blood flow by using a non-invasive method for processing photoplethysmograms (PPGs). The developed original technique allows us to register a photoplethysmogram, isolate the pulse wave and determine the duration of cardio intervals, the duration of the anacrotic and dicrotic phases, the duration of fast and slow blood filling, the expulsion period, the dicrotic and diastolic indices, temporal and amplitude parameters of vascular tone, etc. We observe three types of photoplethysmograms after taking medicaments Corvitol-50 and nitroglycerin. The analysis of the amplitude-temporal characteristics of PPGs allows the determination of key diagnostic parameters.

Numerical investigation of the operating process of the liquid hydrogen tank under gaseous hydrogen pressurization

In order to accurately predict the whole operating process of a liquid hydrogen tank under gaseous hydrogen pressurization, a 2-D axial symmetry Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) based numerical simulation method is established. Phase change and turbulence models are included in the numerical simulation. The variations of physical parameters such as the ullage mass, temperature and pressure, are carefully analyzed. The different effects are given based on simulations with and without phase change, and the comparison between feedback pressurization and open pressurization is also given. Compared with the NASA's experiment under the feedback pressurization, the simulation results show that the deviation of pressurant gas masses consumption is 11.0% during the whole operating process. The deviation of the total ullage mass is −0.8%, 1.4% and 7.6% for the ramp period, the hold period and the expulsion period, respectively. The deviation of phase change mass is 7.5% and −21.5% for the ramp period and the expulsion period, respectively. The simulation results also reach an agreement with the experiment on the energy absorption proportions and demonstrate that most of the energy addition from the external environment and the pressurizing gas is absorbed by the tank wall. The liquid gains the least energy during the expulsion period. Temperature stratification appears along the axial direction in the surface liquid region and the ullage region, and the bulk liquid is in a subcooled state. The location of phase change mainly appears near the vapor-liquid interface, where the net condensation appears during the ramp period and the hold period, while the net vaporization appears during the expulsion period. The phase change increases the amplitude of temperature oscillation. The open pressurization has an ullage pressure peak and an average ullage temperature peak, which lead to large impacts on the tank structure, but the control of the inlet mass flow rate is easy to implement. The feedback pressurization could maintain a steady ullage pressure, but more pressurant gas masses are consumed, and the control of inlet mass flow rate becomes more complicated. The simulation results can be used as references for design optimization of the pressurization systems of cryogenic liquid launch vehicles in order to save pressurant gas masses and decrease the ullage pressure peak which could reduce the tank wall thickness and enhance the carrying capacity of liquid launch vehicles.