Expressions Of Sympathy Research Articles

Book Review: Sounding the Seasons: Seventy Sonnets for the Christian Year

Sounding the Seasons: Seventy Sonnets for the Christian Year. By Malcolm Guite. Norwich: Canterbury Press, 2012. ISBN 978-1-84825-274-5. Pp. xvii + 82. $14.99. sonnet has for many centuries been a means of conveying religious ideas in a succinct, but rich and moving manner. frequent use of the sonnet form by poets such as George Herbert and John Donne, through to a number of contemporary poets, testifies to its enduring value and viability. In Malcolm Guite's collection of seventy sonnets for the Christian year, he presents a carefully crafted assortment of poems that can enrich the spiritual life of anyone who chooses to read them in a reflective manner. Conceptually based, to some extent, on John Keble's Christian Year (1827), Guite's work offers the same reassuring familiarity with those patterns of devotional behavior that shape the Christian calendar. In an everchanging world, the delegated seasons, in which we respond to highlights in the biblical narrative, can provide constancy and comfort. Guite's sonnets speak into this space, this need in our lives. In his introduction he unashamedly positions his collection as an aid to weekly worship, as a resource for spiritual reaffirmation and as a supplement to the established liturgies and festivals within the Anglican Church. Any Christian believer, from any tradition, however, could not fail to be touched by their thoughtful, devout, sometimes joyful, often celebratory nature. sonnets can be read individually or in groups. Each sonnet by its very nature offers integrity and satisfaction when read alone, but reading a sequence of sonnets can also be very meaningful. Guite's seventy sonnets are grouped in such a way that they give maximum benefit for anyone wanting to use them for devotional purposes. There are sonnets written in response to the seven Great Antiphons, sonnets concerned with Christmastide, Epiphany, Holy Week, the Stations of the Cross, and other significant events on the church calendar. measured cadences of the iambic pentameter make them all suitable for both public worship or for private devotion. There are some noticeable preoccupations in this collection. Biblical figures are picked out for individual attention, some obviously associated with particular saints' days. There is a sonnet for each of the four evangelists, plus Paul, John the Baptist, Peter, Thomas the Apostle, Stephen, and Mary Magdalene, amongst others. Some of the most memorable sonnets concern the status of women within the New Testament narrative and other pious traditions. The Visitation Easter Dawn, meets the women of Jerusalem meets his mother Veronica wipes the face of Jesus, The anointing at Bethany, Mothering Sunday The Annunciation and Mary, are all poems that indicate a strong resonance on the poet's part with biblical expressions of sympathy and support, especially from Jesus himself, for the intrinsic place that women play in the outworking of God's purposes in the New Testament. In so many instances the pastoral heart of the poet becomes apparent. A last beatitude,' which celebrates the role of quiet, faithful church members who undertake less public, sometimes menial roles within the life of any local congregation, is a good example: And blessed are the ones we overlook / Invisible on earth, without a voice, / In heaven their angels glory and rejoice. Although the sonnet form imposes inherent restrictions in terms of length, line length and rhyming pattern (most of Guite's sonnets are either Shakespearean or Petrarchan) it is still possible to engender quite delightful and sometimes startling changes in mood and purpose. An examination of several examples from Guite's collection reveals how this is achieved. For example, O Sapientia has a strongly reverential, invocatory quality, unpacking a sequence of heartfelt, sometimes paradoxical expressions of our total dependence on divine sustenance: cannot think unless I have been thought, / Nor can I speak unless I have been spoken; / I cannot teach except as I am taught, / Or break the bread except as I am broken. …

What's happening in Bangladesh?

Self-assured commentators who saw Bangladesh as a “basket case” not many years ago could not have expected that the country would jump out of the basket and start sprinting ahead even as expressions of sympathy and pity were pouring in. This informative Lancet Series on Bangladesh 1 Chowdhury AMR Bhuiya A Chowdhury ME Rasheed S Hussain Z Chen LC The Bangladesh paradox: exceptional health achievement despite economic poverty. Lancet. 2013; (published online Nov 21.)http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62148-0 Google Scholar , 2 Ahmed SM Evans TG Standing H Mahmud S Harnessing pluralism for better health in Bangladesh. Lancet. 2013; (published online Nov 21.)http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62147-9 Google Scholar , 3 El Arifeen S Christou A Reichenbach L et al. Community-based approaches and partnerships: innovations in health-service delivery in Bangladesh. Lancet. 2013; (published online Nov 21.)http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62149-2 Google Scholar , 4 Adams AM Rabbani A Ahmed S et al. Explaining equity gains in child survival in Bangladesh: scale, speed, and selectivity in health and development. Lancet. 2013; (published online Nov 21.)http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62060-7 Google Scholar , 5 Cash RA Halder SR Husain M et al. Reducing the health effect of natural hazards in Bangladesh. Lancet. 2013; (published online Nov 21.)http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61948-0 Google Scholar , 6 Adams AM Ahmed T El Arifeen S Evans TG Huda T Reichenbach L for The Lancet Bangladesh TeamInnovation for universal health coverage in Bangladesh: a call to action. Lancet. 2013; (published online Nov 21.)http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62150-9 Google Scholar helps to explain what happened—and why. It is important to understand how a country that was extremely poor a few decades ago, and is still very poor, can make such remarkable accomplishments particularly in the field of health, but also in social transformation in general. Bangladesh: innovating for healthWriting earlier this year, as part of a series of country case studies on good health at low cost, Dina Balabanova and her colleagues concluded that “Bangladesh has made enormous health advances and now has the longest life expectancy, the lowest total fertility rate, and the lowest infant and under-5 mortality rates in south Asia, despite spending less on health care than several neighbouring countries”.1 Why is this so? Full-Text PDF Community-based approaches and partnerships: innovations in health-service delivery in BangladeshIn Bangladesh, rapid advancements in coverage of many health interventions have coincided with impressive reductions in fertility and rates of maternal, infant, and childhood mortality. These advances, which have taken place despite such challenges as widespread poverty, political instability, and frequent natural disasters, warrant careful analysis of Bangladesh's approach to health-service delivery in the past four decades. With reference to success stories, we explore strategies in health-service delivery that have maximised reach and improved health outcomes. Full-Text PDF Explaining equity gains in child survival in Bangladesh: scale, speed, and selectivity in health and developmentBy disaggregating gains in child health in Bangladesh over the past several decades, significant improvements in gender and socioeconomic inequities have been revealed. With the use of a social determinants of health approach, key features of the country's development experience can be identified that help explain its unexpected health trajectory. The systematic equity orientation of health and socioeconomic development in Bangladesh, and the implementation attributes of scale, speed, and selectivity, have been important drivers of health improvement. Full-Text PDF Bangladesh's health revolutionMy country, Bangladesh, has seen a health revolution in my lifetime. Maternal mortality has decreased by 75% since 1980,1 infant mortality has more than halved since 1990, and life expectancy has risen to 68·3 years, higher now than in neighbouring India and Pakistan.2 Such rapid changes in health have almost no historical precedent, save perhaps for Japan's breakneck modernisation following the 19th-century Meiji Restoration.3 Full-Text PDF Health care for poor people in the urban slums of BangladeshBangladesh has witnessed substantial success with respect to health, as described in the Lancet Bangladesh Series and elsewhere.1 The daunting challenge now is the health of poor people living in urban areas. Massive and rapid urbanisation is occurring, with rural populations moving to cities in huge numbers, driven by poverty, climate change, and the promise of better economic opportunities.2,3 In the past 40 years the proportion of the population living in urban settings in Bangladesh has increased from 5% to 28%, with roughly 45 million people now living in urban areas. Full-Text PDF

Bangladesh: innovating for health

Bangladesh: innovating for health

Apology Accepted: The Benefits of an Apology for a Deficient Audit Following an Audit Failure

SUMMARYThis paper examines the use of an apology for conducting a deficient audit that indirectly leads to an audit failure. Audit failures can be costly to accounting firms in terms of litigation costs and reputational harm. These costs are potentially much higher when the audit failure stems from a deficient audit. Using an experiment, I test whether the use of an apology containing various components (expression of sympathy, acceptance of responsibility, and/or promise to refrain) is beneficial or harmful to an accounting firm. The results of the experiment reveal that only one component, the expression of sympathy, has a significant effect on participant assessments of punishment. On the other hand, combining all three apology components leads to a significantly higher perception of the accounting firm's reputation.

The Colors of Zion: Blacks, Jews, and Irish, from 1845 to 1945 by George Bornstein (review)

Reviewed by: The Colors of Zion: Blacks, Jews, and Irish, from 1845 to 1945 by George Bornstein Matthew Pratt Guterl (bio) George Bornstein , The Colors of Zion: Blacks, Jews, and Irish, from 1845 to 1945. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011. xiixii + 254254 pp. The search for a lost moment of cross-racial solidarity is the "grail quest" of American history, shaped more by contemporary myth and fantasy about a better past than by the literature's oversight of material remains. At moments where the present day circumstance of race relations seems just plain awful, it can be soothing to look for evidence of a moment when things were different, neither mean nor untrusting. But, despite its wide-eyed ethos, this is also a productive quest because it exists in tension with its exact opposite, a serious, dour, historical cynicism, which offers only the story of the bloody struggle not to be at the bottom of the social ladder. And that tension, in turn, has more clearly revealed a series of great turning points and consistent plotlines. [End Page 317] George Bornstein's book is a perfect example of this long-term search for connection and dialogue and shared struggle. Drawing from a vast range of sources and crisscrossing periods and genres, he engagingly stitches together a history of black, Irish, and Jewish solidarity. There are sections on jazz, on the Harlem Renaissance, on nationalisms, and on literary culture, each revealing the widespread sense of alliance and common cause. There are close readings of deeply symbolic, if rare, expressions of sympathy. The heroes of the book—and they are presented as such, and blessed at the end for their contributions, include Frederick Douglass, Louis Armstrong, James Joyce, Al Jolson, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Zora Neale Hurston, all champions, for Bornstein, of cosmopolitan links across racial lines. Bornstein writes—politely, elliptically, and poetically—against the literature generally known as "Whiteness Studies." Emerging out of the riotous early 1990s and becoming ever more dominant over the 2000s, this loosely cohered field argues that race has been a source of unbridgeable division and that whiteness in particular has made the absorption of some immigrants possible, even as it effectively keeps others—and African Americans, too—outside of what is normal, or "American," or privileged. The difficult relations of these three groups (blacks, Jews, and the Irish) are the centerpiece of Whiteness Studies, but the emphasis is invariably on their falling out and not their coming together—on the way, that is, that power of whiteness in American political culture makes it impossible for any long-term coalitions, partnerships, or sympathies across the color line. Whiteness Studies has transformed the way we see interracial relations. Every story that begins, for example, with Frederick Douglass touring Ireland and noting the synergies between the famine and slavery ends in a riot back home, with Irish Americans refusing to accept any outstretched hand from a "fellow" oppressed group. This trans-Atlantic disconnect—between, say, the Irish in Ireland and the Irish in America— reveals the dark back story of the melting pot myth, in which the alignments of "ethnic" nationalisms were transformed, through American alchemy, into competing minority petitions for rights and resources. But Bornstein is determined, against this heavy grain, to recover nostalgically the first part of this story alone, underscoring merely that once, long ago, things were different. Indeed, after referencing Douglass's tour in his introduction, Bornstein skips (he does this often) over all the messy black-Irish conflicts between 1850 and 1920 and jumps right to Marcus Garvey, who, like Douglass, envisioned a strategic parallelism between black, Irish, and Jewish struggles. Using many of the same examples as his cynical opposites, Bornstein stresses connection over disconnection, [End Page 318] homage where others see theft, idealism instead of opportunism, support but never exploitation, small gestures of sympathy but never micro-aggressions. It should not surprise anyone that Bornstein draws from the philosopher Anthony Appiah, who has labored to restore the collaborative virtues of cosmopolitanism, or that he sympathizes deeply with literary historian George Hutchinson's The Harlem Renaissance in Black and White, which chronicles the extraordinary efforts to make cross-racial connections not...

Enacting Others: Politics of Identity in Eleanor Antin, Nikki S. Lee, Adrian Piper, And Anna Deavere Smith by Cherise Smith (review)

Reviewed by: Enacting Others: Politics of Identity in Eleanor Antin, Nikki S. Lee, Adrian Piper, And Anna Deavere Smith by Cherise Smith Ju Yon Kim Enacting Others: Politics of Identity in Eleanor Antin, Nikki S. Lee, Adrian Piper, And Anna Deavere Smith. By Cherise Smith. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011; pp. 328. For the major US social movements of the 1960s and '70s, the act of affirming a political and cultural identity was crucial to forging coalitions, spurring activism, and building communities. In recent decades, however, identity has become the target of political and theoretical suspicion. Claims that identity politics enforce a stifling political correctness, privilege group interests over individual freedoms, and distract from other social concerns have all gained traction. Meanwhile, poststructuralist critiques have scrutinized theories of identity for exclusions and inconsistencies. Cherise Smith's Enacting Others: Politics of Identity in Eleanor Antin, Nikki S. Lee, Adrian Piper, and Anna Deavere Smith offers a timely reminder of how shifting notions of identity have vitally shaped, and continue to reshape, American art and politics. Contributing to studies of race and gender, performance studies, and art history, Enacting Others explores how boundary-crossing performances by four prominent artists engaged with contemporaneous discourses about identity. Preferring the term "politics of identity" to "identity politics," which has become burdened with negative associations, Smith is less concerned with developing a general theory of identity than with historicizing the notions of identity that influenced particular artists. This meticulous contextualization sets her formalist readings of works by Antin, Lee, Piper, and Smith in a densely drawn landscape of political and cultural struggles, and illuminates how these artists incorporated, tested, and challenged prevalent conceptions of identity by performing across lines of race, gender, and class. As Enacting Others makes clear, Antin, Lee, Piper, and Smith participate in a long and fraught tradition of boundary-crossing performances, which includes passing, blackface, cross-dressing, and drag. Importantly, the four artists do not produce seamless performances of the "Other," but dwell in the murkier space of embodying both self and Other. Smith argues that while these performances suggest a utopian impulse, they primarily served in their moment as vehicles for exercising artistic autonomy. As her analysis of the complex relationships between performer and spectator further shows, however, the artist's agency is necessarily modulated by the audience's reception. Chapter 1 centers on Mythic Being (1973-75), a project encompassing photographs, advertisements, and a film, all of which depict Piper taking on a male persona. As the Mythic Being, Piper, who is mixed race and identifies as black, wore an Afro and a mustache and occasionally enacted stereotypes of black masculinity. Smith sets Mythic Being in tension with both the women's and Black Arts movements, which cultivated bonds among art, community formation, and political activism. Piper's performance, by contrast, stressed the authority of the artist. Smith adds, however, that through the ambiguous use of stereotypes, Mythic Being also compelled the audience to recognize its role as co-creator of the identities staged in Piper's performance. Whereas Piper enacted the Mythic Being on and off for two years, Antin inhabited the life of the [End Page 306] invented Eleanora Antinova—a glamorous black woman and former ballerina—for twenty straight days in 1981, darkening her skin, frequenting expensive businesses, and taking speaking engagements. In chapter 2, Smith puts Antin's performance in dialogue with third-wave feminism, noting that the movement's exemplary collection, This Bridge Called My Back, was published in the same year. Smith argues that in contrast to the artists of third-wave feminism, who combined sharp critiques of oppressive forces with an affirmation of communities of women of color, Antin prompted a more ambivalent relationship with her audience. For example, some of Antinova's "outbursts" could be read as expressions of either sympathy for or mockery of minority protests against discrimination. Smith further situates Antin's work in a history of Jewish American blackface performances and suggests that playing Antinova helped Antin connect to her Jewish identity. Moving into a time of growing backlash against identity politics, chapter 3 offers a compelling analysis of Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992. For the project, Anna Deavere...

The Ambiguity of a Transgression and the Type of Apology Influence Immediate Reactions

Apologies with explicit acknowledgements of wrongdoing are especially likely to be well received. An implication of Trope's (1986) dual process model of social information processing is that this may not be so when interpersonal transgressions are ambiguous. In such cases, full apologies primarily serve to identify behaviors as affronts. In Study 1, participants read vignettes involving clear or ambiguous transgressions for which 1 of 3 alternative forms of apology were received by the wronged person: no apology, a full apology, or an expression of sympathy offered as partial apology. For clear transgressions, participants expected full apologies to soothe the wronged person more than either partial apologies or no apologies, but when transgressions were ambiguous, full apologies were considered to be less likely to ameliorate the wronged person's bad feelings than were partial apologies. In Study 2 we replicated the effect for ambiguous transgressions even when participants had the vignette presented to them as if they were in the role of the wronged person, and the results of Study 3 indicate that these findings are not an artifact of differences in conclusions about whether a transgression had actually taken place. Reactions to apologies are an interactive effect of the nature of the apology and the nature of the transgression.

"May Allah Not Let You Experience Another Sorrow": Condolence Strategies Used by Lecturers Who Are Native Speakers of Arabic L1 toward Their Colleague Who Is Native Speaker of Hebrew in Hebrew L2

This research attempts to investigate the condolence strategies used by Arab native speakers (L1) towards a Hebrew (L2) native speaker in Hebrew (L2). Analysis of these strategies was almost based on strategies developed by a number of researchers (Olshtain and Cohen 1983; Elwood, 2004 and Yahia, 2010). The participants in this study were 85 Arab lectures who responded to a college condolence announcement which was addressed to a Hebrew native-speaker colleague who lost his daughter by e-mail. Frequencies and percentages were considered. The findings of the study revealed that the main condolence strategy used by the respondents was 'religion expressions' (39.8%). This is attributed to the fact that the respondents transfer this strategy from L1 toL2. This strategy is affected by religion (Yahia, 2011). Other strategies such as acknowledgement of death, expression of sympathy, offer of assistance, future-oriented remarks, expression of concern, appreciation of the dead, direct condolence and others were less frequently used. The findings also showed that the females initiated more condolence utterances in the same response than males, however, the gender did not play an important role in the frequencies of the condolence strategies.

“I'll Never Forget Those Cold Words as Long as I Live”: Parent Perceptions of Death Notification for Stillbirth

This qualitative study analyzed stillbirth notification messages recalled by parents who strongly agreed (n = 47) and strongly disagreed (n = 43) that the way news about the death of their infant was delivered negatively impacted their grieving process. Three message elements formed a core stillbirth notification experience (delay of news delivery; expression of sympathy; communication of death), and three additional message elements occurred in both data sets (communication regarding options; expression of uncertainty; exit of health care provider); however, the messages differed in form and frequency between the two groups. Three message elements reflected opposing experiences for the two groups (support of parent emotion; continuity of care; and information provision). Recommendations for stillbirth notification that emphasize acknowledging parent perceptions, clear language and information, empathetic communication, and continuity of care are given.

Legislating Apology: The Pros and Cons

Should apologies be admissible into evidence as proof of fault in civil cases? The past year has seen a tremendous rise in designed to exclude apologies from admissibility into evidence. For example, California passed a law in 2000 barring apologetic expressions of sympathy (I'm sorry that you are hurt) but not fault-admitting apologies (I'm sorry that I injured you) after accidents from introduction into evidence as proof of fault. Other states are now debating proposed apology legislation, including bills that would exclude fault-admitting apologies from evidence. As apologies can be central elements in preventing and settling lawsuits, such legislation has the potential to dramatically affect dispute resolution and legal practice. This Article examines policy arguments that can be made supporting and opposing such legislation and offers remaining questions for future research.

A Note from the Editors

A Note from the Editors This issue marks a point of transition for Mississippi Quarterly. It is the last one fully composed of articles accepted on the watch of Noel Polk, our dear friend and colleague and the editor of this journal for over eight years. We have felt Noel’s loss deeply over the past several months while carrying on with the work that he cherished and performed with remarkable distinction. The sense of loss frequently comes with found traces of Noel’s presence. Opening a file on a submission reveals the editor’s gracious correspondence with an author, his constructive criticism and words of praise in the margins of a draft, and editing marks that evince his crusade against the passive voice. In such moments, to add a Faulknerian gloss, there he is even as he is not. In that we can find some measure of comfort. In the future, we will pay proper tribute to Noel Polk in the pages of Mississippi Quarterly. For now, we must take this opportunity to thank the authors who waited patiently to hear about the status of their submissions as we worked to clear up a sizable backlog and to restore the journal to solid footing. Also, many thanks to the reviewers who answered when we called—and, in some cases, called again. We are grateful for their willingness to help out in a time of need and for the many expressions of sympathy that accompanied replies to our requests for readers. Support from administrators at Mississippi State University was vital to our efforts to keep the journal running. We want to acknowledge the following people for their support: Greg Dunaway, dean of the College of Arts and Sciences; Rich Raymond, head of the Department of English; Gary Myers, former dean of the College of Arts and Sciences; and Kelly Marsh, acting head of the Department of English during the spring and summer of 2012. Ted Atkinson and Robert West Laura West Interim Co-Editors Managing Editor ...

Arabs and Fascism: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives

The article establishes an interpretive framework for Arab responses to fascism during the 1930s and World War II. Promoters of the Islamofascism paradigm refer to this period as simply a manifestation of the allegedly illiberal inclinations of a vast majority of Arabs and Muslims. They present Arab expressions of sympathy for fascism as conditioned by alleged authoritarian or totalitarian structures inherent in the Islamic religion. In a more nuanced interpretation, Arab reactions to fascism form a phenomenon that can only be understood in the local and chronological contexts of decolonization, in which fascism was a model and reference as a tool of social disciplining with the ultimate goal of getting rid of colonial control. According to this framework, totalitarian references in political discourse were a means to an end that was widespread at the time. Other, equally nuanced interpretations see pro-fascist trends in Middle Eastern states—as they became manifest in party platforms, uniformed youth organizations, or collaboration schemes with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy—as manifestations of global fascism as a ‘type’. According to this reading, totalitarian and racial ideological systems and leader- and discipline oriented forms of social organization have to be understood as representations of a worldwide trend comparable to Marxist or Capitalist ideology. Examples from India and Latin America provide a comparative framework for this. Neither of the two latter approaches subscribes to a thesis of an Arab “Sonderweg” in the adoption of fascism. Reactions in the Arab world in particular and in Muslim societies in general did not differ substantially from those in other colonial societies.

Forever Indebted to Rex: Women Crafting a “New Story of Human Experience”

Introduction: Nettleford on womenLOCATING WOMEN AT THE centre of analysis and action within the Extra Mural Department was high on Rex Nettleford's agenda. Within the context of complex social structures which hold dear traditional patriarchal values of male dominance, and in an institution constructed on elitist biases embedded in the offering of higher education, Nettleford's embrace of women was both significant and radical. It was significant because he opened the gateway through which many women, particularly poor, black women, entered the University of the West Indies (UWI) in an attempt to improve the quality of their lives. It was radical because such an action veered from the conventional direction being taken by the UWI and sanctioned by society which had long marginalised its women, both ideologically and socially. That doorway which opened in 1978 was the Women and Development Unit (WAND) which, among other things, was involved in the Project for the Development of Caribbean Women in Trade Unions, the most comprehensive and significant training programme ever undertaken for women trade unionists in the Caribbean.1One can understand Professor Nettleford's willingness to house WAND in the Extra Mural Department and to include and address issues of social inequality within the remit of the department, because he himself appreciated the socially adverse conditions under which the majority of the region's people have to exist. His expressions of solidarity and sympathy with the disadvantaged were clearly shown in his support of the development of Caribbean women in trade unions. Furthermore, on reflection, Nettleford said of the United Nations Decade of Women (1975-85):But the consciousness, programmes and actions initiated by the UN Decade for Women, suggest that the common understandings once held about the varied particulars of Caribbean social life and individual/ gender behaviours, are being dissembled by cadre of cross-generational women determined to write new story of human experience. It is story of personal achievement and significant contributions to Caribbean social development within the context of complex social structure which values traditional notions of male dominance and female subservience.2Therefore, the establishment of WAND in 1978, during the Decade for Women, was no accident. Neither was it the consequence of idle musing. It marked the beginning of the crafting of a new story of human experience within, but outside the walls of the institutional structures of the UWI. This essay, therefore, highlights the two main women's projects, mentioned above, which were implemented under Nettleford's stewardship: WAND and the Project for the Development of Caribbean Women in Trade Unions.Women and Development Unit (WAND)The establishment of WAND was deliberate recommendation of 1977 regional seminar held in Jamaica under the theme Integration of Women in the Development of the Its main focus was the status and condition of Caribbean women. seminar was an initiative of Sybil Francis, social worker and staff tutor at the Social Welfare Training Centre, Department of Extra-Mural Studies, and was jointly sponsored with the Jamaican Bureau of Women's Affairs. At time when women's issues were taking centre stage, WAND was accepted within the structure of the UWI and within the Department of Extra-Mural Studies because of the structure ofthat department with its network of centres throughout the anglophone Caribbean. More importantly, the focus of the Department of Extra-Mural Studies on adult education and its autonomy and flexibility within the academy made it the ideal place to locate unit whose work was to be decidedly outside the walls. Nettleford not only understood the effectiveness of extra-mural education, but also had keen interest in women accepting and playing central role in the Caribbean region. In his article The Caribbean Woman and the Labour Movement, he would later write:I come in the wake of the Beijing Olympics where the Caribbean out-performed itself with Jamaica placing third in the Planet's display of achievement largely in the field of track and field. …

Presidential Power, the Panay Incident, and the Defeat of the Ludlow Amendment

Presidential Power, the Panay Incident, and the Defeat of the Ludlow Amendment

‘Cuente conmigo’: The expression of sympathy by Peruvian Spanish speakers

Using Spencer-Oatey's (2005) rapport-management approach, this paper studies the expression of sympathy by Peruvian Spanish speakers, in a situation exhibiting both power differential and social distance between participants. Results show that participants observed their behavioral expectations in this context expressing empathy, involvement and respect. They also respected the interlocutor's identity and respectability face, which, is argued here, reflected positively on their own identity and respectability face. Their interactional goals were strongly relational and, although there was a short transactional goal interspersed in the interaction, it only reflected and emphasized their interdependent self-construals of self (Markus and Kitayama, 1991). Gender differences showed females favoring the expression of empathy while males favored the expression of respect.

"We are not in the old days now": Paul Laurence Dunbar and the Problem of Sympathy

The nineteenth was the century of human sympathy,--the age when half wonderingly began to descry in others that transfigured spark of divinity which call Myself; when clodhopper and peasant, tramps and thieves, and millionaires and--sometimes--Negroes, became throbbing souls whose warm pulsing life touches us so nearly that half gasped with surprise, crying, too! Hast Thou seen Sorrow and the dull waters of Hopelessness? Hast Thou known Life? And then helplessly peered into those Other-worlds, and wailed, O World of Worlds, shall man make you one? W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk Upon declaring the nineteenth as the first century of human or at least the in which human sympathy began to be extended to peasants, tramps ... and--sometimes--Negroes (178), W. E. B. Du Bois immediately identifies a problem. (1) Even as his language emphasizes the heartfelt, revelatory urgency of sympathetic connections through which human experience might better be understood and shared, he suggests that what do with this sympathetic recognition prompts a feeling of helplessness. Of the into which we have peered, he asks: how shall man make you one? This question of Du Bois's shows his awareness that such sympathetic recognitions concerning the similarity of human suffering mark the beginning of the work that individuals must do in order to forge a world in which these similarities are not revelations, but rather always already understood. To make the Other-worlds ... one is to demand that the we of Du Bois's prose act upon the revelatory knowledge prompted by sympathy to create a new United States in which the bonds of humanity are not divided by race. That at the turn of the twentieth century Du Bois presents this demand as a question--one wailed, no less--suggests that he is fully aware of the difficulty of attaining this bond. Like Du Bois's early twentieth-century work, Paul Laurence Dunbar's 1902 novel The Sport of the Gods is profoundly interested in the problem of race and sympathy during what historians have called the nadir of race relations in the United States, (or as recent critics have termed it, using Charles Chesnutt's language post- bellum, pre-Harlem). (2) Indeed Dunbar's novel anticipates Du Bois's question and answers it: for Dunbar, will not be made one. I argue that Dunbar's attention to sympathy in Sport helps to explain why. This attention to sympathy, a by-product of the novel's more frequently recognized focus on the modern condition that occurs in the novel, is part of Dunbar's profound awareness of the limited social and economic options that African Americans experience at the turn of the century. His novel offers a radical critique of the affective and socioeconomic contexts that limit sympathetic expression for those who inhabit Du Bois's Other-worlds. The Sport of the Gods does so by focusing on the modern condition, in which individuals are increasingly atomized by self-interest and sympathy is commodified by mass culture. The theater of the modern renders the experience of sympathy and its subsequent effects questionable at best and pernicious at worst, particularly for those who suffer injustice as a result of race. (3) In turn, the relationship between sympathy and the world-altering political change that Du Bois articulates as a product of the nineteenth century becomes temporary, limited, and ultimately illusory in Dunbar's novel. My analysis approaches these issues from two directions: Dunbar's attention to the ways that self-interest limits expressions of sympathy between characters, and his extension of this analysis to that sympathy which is created for readers through texts. By positioning a sensationalized version of his own novel's story at the climax of his plot, Dunbar shows us that though a sympathetic relationship between reader and text is reconstituted and revised by what was called the yellow journalism of the turn of the century, the attention to justice that results from this reportage is based on the demand for profit and effective only within certain limits. …

Pity and pragmatism: understandings of disability in northeast Thailand

Cultural models of illness causation and treatment inform community understandings of and responses to disability. Data collected as part of a multi‐country study, conducted in 2002–2007, illustrate how villagers from northeastern Thailand conceptualise disability (pikarn). Local understandings of causality are shaped by Buddhist beliefs in accumulated demerit, and this significantly influences attitudes towards illness, adversity and bodily states. Buddhist notions of love and compassion (metta and kurana) inform appropriate responses to people living with disabilities, while local distinctions of ability and disability inform expressions of sympathy and/or pity (songsarn), with implications for the social participation of people with a disability.

The Indian Red Crescent Mission to the Balkan Wars

Indian Muslim political development during the early years of the twentieth century contained a significant pan-Islamic component of solidarity, especially with the peoples of the beleaguered Ottoman Empire. Although this sentiment was later to be channelled into organized internal political activity such as the foundation of the Muslim League, it had its beginnings in various agitations such as the Khilafat Movement. The Indian Red Crescent Mission to Turkey may be said to have provided the initial mise-en-scène for the expression of political sympathy towards Turkey and the generation of a local freedom movement among the Muslims of India.

Moving encounters: sympathy and the Indian question in antebellum literature

An old woman comforts two young white children she finds lost in the woods and lovingly carries them back to their eager parents. A frontiersman sheds tears over the grave of a Mohican youth, holding hands with the mourning father.According to Laura L. Mielke, such emotionally charged scenes between whites and Indians paradoxically flourished in American literature from 1820 to 1850, a time when the United States government developed and applied a policy of removal. Although these moving encounters, as Mielke terms them, often promoted the possibility of mutual sympathy between Native Americans and Euro-Americans, they also suggested that these emotional links were inherently unstable, potentially dangerous, and ultimately doomed. At the same time, the emphasis on Indian-white sympathy provided an opportunity for Indians and non-Native activists to voice an alternative to removal and acculturation, turning the language of a sentimental U.S. culture against its own imperial impulse.Mielke details not only how such writers as James Fenimore Cooper and Henry Rowe Schoolcraft forecast the inevitable demise of Indian-white sympathy, but also how authors like Lydia Maria Child and William Apess insisted that a language of feeling could be used to create shared community or defend American sovereignty. In this way, Moving Encounters sheds new light on a wide range of texts concerning the Indian Question by emphasizing their engagement with popular sentimental forms and by challenging the commonly held belief that all Euro-American expressions of sympathy for American Indians in this period were fundamentally insincere. While portraits of Indian-white sympathy often prompted cynical rejoinders from parodists, many never lost faith in the power of emotion to overcome the greed and prejudice fueling the dispossession of American Indians.

Physician Error and Disclosure

Traditional patient and physician attitudes toward disclosure are discussed. Studies show that full disclosure does not lead to more litigation, but has decreased the number of claims filed and the average settlement value. There is a current movement toward full disclosure by healthcare institutions. As full disclosure policies are adopted by more institutions and legislation that protects expressions of apology and sympathy accompanying those disclosures is enacted, the result will be improved patient care and a decrease in future errors.