Expressive Syntax Research Articles

The Function and Structure of Nominative Participial Constructions in Modern English

The following paper examines the syntactic construction and functional variety of nominative participial constructions in Contemporary English, focusing on the syntactic economy provided by nominative participial constructions and the contribution to discourse clarity. Based on examples from the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Contemporary American English, this chapter discusses how these sorts of structure embed delicate actions or states into sentences without elaborate clause structures. This chapter will explore how nominative participial constructions serve these discourse functions through the use of examples from academic, journalistic, and literary registers-foregrounding information, summarizing preceding actions, and emphatic purposes. The study also provides comparative insights into nominative participial constructions in relation to other forms of non-finite clauses, such as gerunds, which uniquely allow for condensation with a clearly identifiable subject even in highly reduced syntactic environments. In all, these findings contribute to a view that nominative participial constructions in English represent an instance of embodiment of the functional-syntactic interface: conciseness vs. richness of description, contributing to a more flexible and expressive syntax.

Which Factors Predict L2 Receptive Vocabulary and Expressive Syntax in Bilingual Children from Low-SES Families?

The objective of the current study was two-fold. First, it aimed to estimate receptive vocabulary and expressive syntax skills in L2 Italian among early sequential/simultaneous bilingual children of migrant single-mother families with very low socioeconomic status (SES). This objective was achieved by matching the participants' performance with normative data. Secondly, this study aimed to identify which individual and language exposure factors contributed to learning L2 vocabulary and syntax. Twenty-four early sequential/simultaneous bilingual children (age range = 5.10-12.4 years) and their mothers were enrolled. Mothers answered questions about linguistic biography and demographic information. Children completed Lexical Comprehension, Sentence Repetition, and Non-Word Repetition tasks from the Language Assessment Battery for 4-12-year-olds to, respectively, assess receptive vocabulary, expressive syntax, and phonological processing. Moreover, non-verbal intellectual functioning was evaluated by the Raven's Test. Compared to normative data, 20 children showed lower receptive vocabulary abilities (<-1.5 SD), 24 lower expressive syntax skills (-2DS), and 7 children lower phonological processing (<-1.5 DS). Moreover, L2 phonological processing and the length of L2 exposure in an educational context positively predicted L2 receptive vocabulary as well as L2 expressive syntax skills. To date, performance in L2 among early sequential/simultaneous bilingual children from migrant households and very low SES remains underexplored. Future efforts need to be directed towards the understanding of factors that impact oral competence in L2, considering that these children will also be exposed to written L2 in the school context.

Pragmatics of expressive syntax of texts of english political discourse as a problem of translation

Pragmatics of expressive syntax of texts of english political discourse as a problem of translation

OCLVerifer: Automated Verfication of OCL Contracts in Requirements Models

Object Constraint Language (OCL) is one lightweight formal specification. Integrated within the Unified Modeling Language (UML) standard, it serves as a cornerstone in requirements modeling, enjoying widespread adoption across various domains. OCL can precisely define the pre- and post-condition of system operations and system invariants. While OCL provides a simple yet expressive syntax, it lacks clarity in mapping Object-Oriented (OO) concepts, such as object states, object links, and object attributes. This ambiguity makes it challenging for OO developers to identify errors in requirements. In this paper, we propose an approach named OCLVerifier, which can automatically detect the requirements errors of OCL, such as conflict, redundancy, and failure error. OCLVerifier first transforms OO contracts and detection patterns into SMT formulas and then proves them by using a SMT solver. Finally, the results are mapped to the original OCL contracts to display detailed error type and location information. To evaluate OCLVerifier, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of four case studies. Experimental results indicate that OCLVerifier successfully identifies 65.5% of error cases, with each identified case offering accurate error location information. Compared with human experts, OCLVerifier can reduce evaluation time by 80.8% while enhancing repair accuracy by 18%. The results are satisfactory, and the proposed approach can be further extended to the software industry for requirements verification.

Stylization of Oral Elements in the Novel Women. Voices. By Jasmina Musabegović

This paper aims to analyze and interpret the linguistic and stylistic means by which the world of the novel Women. Voices. by Jasmina Musabegović is built. The paper analyzes and interprets the novel’s spoken language stylization, as its main stylistic feature. It is based on the assumption that orality, as a linguistic-stylistic feature of the novel, is primarily realized at the syntactic-stylistic level. In this direction, the elements of expressive syntax, such as spoken (oral) sentence length, elliptical, nominative, and fragmented sentences, as well as syntactic repetitions and accumulations, are especially explored. The mentioned syntactic-stylistic means are investigated to point out their stylistic potential in the revitalization of the tonal, rhythmic, intonation, and intensity values of the spoken language, based on which novelistic voices are generated as the narrative subject of the novel. Also, exclamatory and expressive interrogative sentences are explored in the paper as significant means of conveying emotional-expressive (affective) and intensifying the semantic values of a sentence. In doing so, it is particularly indicated that interrogative sentences, in addition to appearing as elements of expressive syntax, have a significant opening (cataphoric) value in developing the novel's narrative content. In addition, the paper points out the stylistic possibilities and values of the vernacular idiom in the stylization of novelistic expression with folk expression.

Pragmatics via prosody in interaction optimization

The article represents a case study of Joaquin Phoenix’s acceptance speech, aimed at examining the interface of pragmatics and prosody. Relying on research into prosodic-pragmatic relationships and employing auditory prosody analysis combined with methods of pragmatic and discourse analysis, the article explores the interaction of prosody with speech acts, as well as with their related politeness and discursive strategies. Direct expressives are associated with three positive politeness strategies and are prosodically characterized by a normal or slow speech rate, normal or reduced volume, short intonation groups, very short pauses, a narrow pitch range, clear timbre, and a regular rhythm. The illocutionary force of indirect expressives relies on stylistic devices and markers of positive politeness, connoting emotional closeness and “sincerity” as components of felicity conditions for such acts. Indirect expressives are signaled by very short, short, or medium filled pauses, resonant timbre, low fall and stressed syllable, a descending stepping scale followed by a falling nucleus, high fall intonation groups, a rising intonation before key concepts, accelerated speech tempo, increased loudness, and emphasis on key words. The prosodic signals of expressive syntax and positive politeness coincide, except for markers emphasizing commonality. The “ecocentric” part of speech is constructed by representatives-reasoning that stimulates reflection without imposing views. This aligns with the negative politeness of non-imposition, marked by mitigators like hedges, bushes, and shields. The intonational accent on words with denotative or connotative meanings related to “discrimination” contributes to the discursive strategy of group polarization.

A comparative study of expressive language usage in contemporary Ukrainian and English media

The article addresses the topical issue of using expressive syntax in mass media, which is an essential aspect of modern journalism. This topic is becoming especially important in the context of the rapid development of digital media and changes in how people consume information. Expressive syntax, as a means of linguistic expression, affects the audience's perception of content, shaping emotional reactions and attitudes. The paper analyzes how different publications use expressive syntax to achieve specific communicative goals. The authors carefully analyzed the linguistic features of two leading media resources - the British "The Guardian" and the Ukrainian "Ukrainska Pravda." They aimed to understand how these media use expressive syntax to achieve their communicative goals. The authors paid particular attention to analyzing stylistic differences in approaches to presenting information, which reflects the cultural and contextual characteristics of the audiences of both publications. On the one hand, The Guardian tends to have a more analytical and nuanced style. It uses syntactic constructions that promote deep understanding and reflection on the topics presented. On the other hand, Ukrayinska Pravda more often resorts to direct and emotionally charged syntactic constructions that help to convey the main point of the news quickly and effectively. It constantly emphasizes the importance of events for Ukrainian society. Based on the analysis conducted, the authors have concluded that expressive syntax plays a key role in shaping the perception and impact of media texts on the audience. Media outlets should find a balance between the use of expressive means and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of information. Therefore, all media professionals are advised to pay close attention to their language strategy since language is a powerful tool of social influence that can shape public opinions and sentiments.

Review of the Mathematical Model, Properties, Classes and other Features of Software Agent Development

Reviewed: features of the definition of an agent and a software agent, its dimensions and other components; models of software agents and its properties; classification of software agents by architecture, communication principles and agent communication languages (ACL), as well as existing platforms for their development (e.g., JADE, SPADE); multi-agent system (MAS); behavior types of SPADE software agent based on the example of one of the platforms (including for subsequent experiments to compare behaviors in terms of hardware resources usage). Minor adjustments have been made to the syntax of mathematical expressions describing the agent model, and a revision of the formalized definitions of agent property set has been proposed; a formalized description of the model of studied agent type is determined.

Обвинение как стратегия дискредитации администрации Дж. Байдена в американcкой медиакоммуникации

The phenomenon of verbal aggression in political media journalism attracts the attention of researchers studying various confrontational speech strategies and tactics, including the strategy of discrediting, implemented primarily by the tactics of accusation. The article presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of accusation tactics implementing the speech and behavioral strategy of discrediting the Biden administration on the Tucker Carlson Tonight talk show. Speech strategies, techniques and linguistic means of implementing accusation tactics are revealed. The purpose of the article is to analyze the tactics of accusation that implement the speech and behavioral strategy of discrediting the Biden administration in the Tucker Carlson Tonight show. The source of the research material was the scripts of 31 Tucker Carlson Tonight shows. The empirical basis of the study was 205 contexts discrediting the Biden administration through accusation tactics. The methods of logic and statistics, the system and functional method, description and interpretation were used to analyze the material. The tactics of accusation are more often implemented through a group of explicit speech acts than implicit ones, while each group includes reasoned and undocumented accusations. Common and distinctive speech techniques, morphological, syntactic, lexical and expressive language tools were identified for these groups of speech acts. Statistical data on the analysis of accusation tactics implemented by groups of implicit and explicit speech acts can be presented in the form of a ratio of 1:1.5. Typical means of expression for explicit speech acts are phraseological units and slogans (reasoned and undocumented accusation), for implicit speech acts: hyperbole (reasoned accusation) and the technique of “inappropriate direct speech” (undocumented accusation). The means of expressive syntax are a distinctive feature of implicit and explicit undocumented accusation.

Stylistic and syntactic functions of parceling (on the material of B.L. Vasilyev’s novella "The Dawns Here Are Quiet")

The article describes one of expressive syntax techniques, namely parcelled constructions, identified in B.L. Vasilyev’s novella "The Dawns Here Are Quiet". The stylistic and syntactic functions of parcelling are determined and analysed using structural-semantic and functional stylistic analysis. The article concludes that parcelling as a stylistic device is a universal phenomenon of a multifunctional nature. It facilitates the implementation of the author’s various pragmatic ideas. Besides the main stylistic function, i. e. the function of expressively highlighting a certain part of the utterance, parcelled sentences perform several additional functions in a literary text: figurative, characterological, emotional-emphatic, expressive-grammatical. It is revealed that the syntactic functions of parcels in the novella are diverse. In simple sentences, they can be both their main and secondary parts. In composite sentences, they function as the predicative part which is attached to the main utterance using a subordinating, coordinating, or asyndetic connection. The variety of stylistic and syntactic functions of parcelled constructions enabled B. Vasilyev to realistically convey the atmosphere of the pre-war and war periods. He managed to describe the protagonists’ characters and their actions in a true to life way, making the narrative sound natural.

Синтаксические средства экспрессивности (на материале заголовков удмуртских публицистических текстов)

The study aims to describe the features of the structural-semantic organization of the titles of journalistic texts in Udmurt within the framework of expressive syntax. The scientific novelty lies in identifying the expressive-evaluative potential of the title as a structural element of mass media texts; in determining syntactic redundancy and syntactic insufficiency in the lexico-grammatical structures of the Udmurt language. The results suggest that syntactic heterogeneity is peculiar to the titles of journalistic texts in Udmurt. Based on the analysis of the title structure of the “Udmurt dunne” newspaper for 2020-2023, it was found that the authors of the articles prefer such stylistic devices as inversion, elliptical sentences, rhetorical exclamations, which are primarily used to express the emotive, attractive and appellative functions. Various kinds of repetitions, gradation, parcelling and polysyndeton are characterized by low frequency, accounted for by the internal specifics of the newspaper title, which tends to brevity of expression. The use of various means and devices in the titles of journalistic texts makes it possible to perform the influencing, expressive, attractive, appellative, narrative functions of a newspaper text.

The properties of adverbs and adverbial expressions in Runyambo

This article identifies and classifies adverbs in Runyambo, a Bantu language spoken in north-west Tanzania. Runyambo is classified as E21. This article aims at discussing the morphology, syntax and semantics of adverbs and adverbial expressions ranging from the most to the least prototypical members of this group. Adverbs in this language are heterogeneous in nature. They are found in a range of forms and structures which make them reveal various morphological behaviours. Their morphological behaviour is not predictable, hence the prototype theory is used to characterise them in Runyambo. Members of this category range from most prototypes of the category to least prototypes to the words which perform the functions of adverbs but fall into different categories.

Парентеза як засіб експресивного синтаксису в історичному романі Павла Загребельного "Диво"

The article analyzes the parenthetical (inserted) constructions in the historical novel "The Miracle" by Pavlo Zahrebelny. It has been established that parenthetical elements have a different syntactic structure. They are represented by words, phrases and various types of sentences, including textual formations. There is a small number of one- and two-component parentheticals. Most of them are multicomponent insertions. The grammatical compatibility of the parenthetical constructions with the main clause is taken under consideration. It has been established that parentheticals are joined to the main clause by both conjunctive and non-conjunctive relations. Attention is paid to the punctuation marks of the inserted components and their place in the sentence. The functional diversity of parentheses is determined. It has been found that they are used to clarify, explain, express desire, satisfaction, dissatisfaction, assumption, objection, doubt, etc. Particular attention is paid to parenthetical constructions as a means of expressive syntax and a marker of sentence modality. The expressiveness of parenthetical constructions is manifested through their versatility, redundancy, spontaneity and violation of the linear plan of presentation.

Speech Features of a Character as a Means of Interpreting a Literary Image

This article analyzes lexical and syntactical expressive means used by the authors of literary works in English and German to create characters’ images. Among the most common means is the use of emotionally expressive vocabulary and elements of expressive syntax. Emotional and evaluative vocabulary and syntactical stylistic devices are widely used in English and German Literature as universal notions inherent in human communication, mental activity and speech activity. It has been proven that a deep and complete interpretation of a work, an understanding of the author’s ideas, social and moral meanings are impossible without the analysis of literary images, and this plays an important role in the development and transmission of basic ideas and concepts of a literary work.

Verbal Means Expressing a Negative Assessment Used to Create a Negative Image of J. Biden in the US Oppositional Political Discourse

The article is devoted to the study of verbal means expressing a negative assessment used to create a negative image of J. Biden in the US oppositional political discourse. The definition of assessment and assessment act is given, its structure is&#x0D; determined. The main signs and features of the oppositional political discourse are described. The evaluative structures of the negative assessment type used by the leading US opposition journalists M. Kelly and T. Carlson are analyzed. In the course of&#x0D; the analysis, it was found out that a negative assessment in the oppositional political discourse is expressed by multi-level linguistic means, which are either accurately&#x0D; explicated in the language or contextually conditioned, that is, they are rendered mainly connotatively. With the help of these means, one of the main strategies of the oppositional political discourse is implemented - the strategy of downgrading, that&#x0D; is, the creation of an anti-image of a political figure. The speech tactics that ensure the success of the implementation of this strategy include the tactics of negative analysis, accusations, denunciations, discrediting, mockery, and others. The explicit&#x0D; means creating a negative assessment include the use of expressive vocabulary with a pronounced seme of a negative assessment, the use of amplifying discursive elements (expressives), the use of morphemes, lexemes and syntactic structures with negative semantics, the use of various invective verbal means. Implicit means, where a negative assessment is generated under the influence of the context, include the use of expressive syntax (interrogative and exclamatory sentences, short sentences, sentences built on the principle of antithesis), the use of metaphors, including extended ones, irony and sarcasm, lexical units subjected to pejoratization in a certain context, depersonification (reverse personification). The combination of these verbal means enhances the illocutionary and perlocutionary effects and leads to the creation of an anti-image of a political figure, which is one of the main goals of the oppositional political discourse.

Syntactic Expressivity in Cultural Reporting: Insights from Australian Media

The article aims to study the usage and influence of expressive syntax within a variety of culture-related articles featured in contemporary Australian digital media. Leveraging textual analysis on online articles sourced from prominent Australian newspapers such as “The Sydney Morning Herald”, “The Alice Springs News”, “Katherine Times”, and “The New Daily”, the research provides insights into the frequency and novelty of expressive syntactic elements employed within. Particularly prevalent techniques, such as parenthetical inclusions, interrogative sentences, elliptical, nominative, and parcelled constructions, are thoroughly examined for their expressive potential. The study offers a comprehensive breakdown of these syntactical elements, highlighting key types, delineating their general attributes, and enumerating the specifics of their implementation within the researched texts. It especially highlights the frequent interaction of various expressive syntax within single sentences, proposing that this phenomenon increases the techniques’ effectiveness. Furthermore, the study explores the amplification of expression through the usage of specific punctuation marks, including quotation marks, dashes, colons, brackets, semicolons, and ellipses, each undergoing a thorough analysis for potential effect. In summarizing the principal outcomes of the research, the study asserts the significant role of expressive syntactic techniques in crafting engaging and impactful cultural articles within modern Australian media.

The Role of Occasional Combinations in The Expressive Syntax of Different Systematic Languages

This article is devoted to the study of word-formation occasionalisms. This allows us to make a certain contribution to solving the problem of the writer’s idiostyle. The study of individual formations, in our opinion, will allow understanding more deeply and clearly what the power of what influence he had on the development of the language.The relevance of the topic is also explained by the need for further study of the language, taking into account individual originality and establishing the principles of word creation of the writer, the motives for creation of new words.

Problems of expressive syntax on the example of the speeches of D. Trump and J. Biden for Christmas 2017 and 2022

Problems of expressive syntax on the example of the speeches of D. Trump and J. Biden for Christmas 2017 and 2022

TEXT IN NEW MEDIA: SPECIFICITY OF THE VERBAL COMPONENT

The priority tasks in the article are 1) understanding the phenomenon of new media as a technical, social and communicative phenomenon, 2) describing the specifi cs of new media in terms of semiotic, functional features, features of information decoding and derived features of the text of new media, genetically related to the traditional text, but transforming in the conditions of a new sociality. To solve the second problem, the texts of the news community “Lentach” (social network “VKontakte”) for the period from March 2022 to March 2023 were considered as empirical material and a number of their specifi c features were established. The thematic fi eld of the analyzed texts was not a relevant feature for solving the problems of this article, but in order to achieve a long-term goal (determining the communicative strategies of a media text), the selection of texts was based on the criterion of the presence of political topics in the text (aspects of foreign and domestic policy were taken into account). In the polycode media text of new media, within the framework of this article, the object of attention was its verbal component: the traditional nature of its presence in the media message was noted and a number of specifi c features were established at diff erent levels of text organization. At the phonetic-graphic level, visual techniques for segmenting information and simulating oral speech are observed; on morphemic – intensifi cation of creative word-formation processes; on lexical – stylistic and speech interference, instrumental use of tropes and lexical resources, specifi c metaphorization of the text; at the syntactic level – activation of expressive syntax. In the texts of new media, as in traditional ones, variations of the language game are found, the functions of which can be considered the self-identifi cation of the linguistic personality, the eff ects of media infl uence, the activation of the dialogue potential of the media text, the destruction of the classical linearity of the media text.

Контактоустанавливающие средства в заголовках медиатекстов (на материале русского, английского и чувашского языков)

The aim of the study is to identify the phatic language means used in the headlines of media texts posted on the Internet in Russian, English and Chuvash. The paper characterises in a comparative aspect the features peculiar to the repertoire of the phatic means that are in demand among modern journalists, representatives of different national-linguistic communities. The paper is novel in that it is the first to analyse phatic means using the material of Russian, English and Chuvash media speech in order to determine language specificity of the linguistic phenomenon under consideration. As a result, it has been found that colons, contextually conveying expression, as well as stylistically modified precedent phenomena are used in the phatic function in the headlines of media texts in Russian. Informal syntax constructions are employed in this capacity in the English-language and the Chuvash-language headlines, the latter also use intentionally distorted precedent vocabulary and the technique of citation. The fact that in order to establish contact with readers, the headlines are formulated according to the principle of language game represents the basis of interlanguage similarity.