Abstract Background: RNA binding proteins are important regulators of gene expression involved in various post-transcriptional processes like mRNA stability and translation. We have recently demonstrated that high expression of RBM3 is associated with a favourable prognosis in breast cancer. Aims and Methods: The aim of the present investigation was to examine the prognostic value of RBM3 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). For this purpose, protein expression of RBM3 was examined by immunohistochemistry in tumour samples from 154 prospectively collected EOC cases (Cohort I). In addition, RBM3 gene expression was examined in an independent cohort with 282 EOC cases (Cohort II). Results: No significant correlation was seen between RBM3 protein expression and any established prognostic clinicopathological parameters. However, survival analysis revealed a significant association between RBM3 nuclear expression and prolonged survival (HR=0.633, 95% CI=0.421-0.952, p=0.028) in cohort I. This association did not remain significant in multivariate analysis. In line with the IHC data, high RBM3 mRNA levels were associated with prolonged survival in Cohort II in both univariate (HR=0.671, 95% CI=0.504-0.894, p=0.006) and multivariate (HR=0.751, 95% CI=0.562-1.004, p=0.053) analysis. Conclusion: In accordance with our previously studies of breast and colon cancer, high nuclear expression of RBM3 was associated with improved survival in patients with ovarian cancer. Further investigations are needed in order to understand the role of RBM3 in tumour progression and to confirm the utility of RBM3 as a prognostic biomarker in various cancer forms. We are currently investigating the role of RBM3 in cisplatin response in ovarian cancer cell lines. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1746.