Political Expression Research Articles

It’s Fine If Others Do It Too: Privacy Concerns, Social Influence, and Political Expression on Facebook in Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States

Political expression is a focal point for understanding how digital media have transformed political engagement. Privacy concerns tend to impede online political expression, but this relationship is still poorly understood. Based on the theory of reasoned action, this study focuses on the role of social influence and institutional privacy concerns in political expression on Facebook. We draw on research on the privacy calculus to examine how observing the behavior of Facebook friends moderates the relationship between privacy concerns and online political expression. We use survey data gathered in 2023 from Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States ( n = 5,936). Across all five countries, we find that observing Facebook friends posting political content bolsters political expression on Facebook, as per our preregistered analysis. In all countries except Germany, privacy concerns impede political expression on Facebook. Also, the importance of institutional privacy concerns for political expression depends on the observed posting behavior of Facebook friends. This moderated effect is only observed in three of the five examined countries, however. Our findings offer new insights into the factors that encourage and discourse political expression, particularly on Facebook which is a platform that has been widely criticized for failing to protect its users’ privacy.

Political Expression in Non-mainstream Metaphorical Music:Exploring the Metaphorical Musical Works of Hong Kong, China-based Artist Wong Yiu Ming

The intensification of authoritarian ideology and censorship in China has made it increasingly challenging to communicate politically sensitive messages through cultural products (Ye and Zhao, 2023). To navigate these constraints, it is crucial to examine the strategic use of political metaphors in music. This dissertation explores the political metaphors embedded in the musical oeuvre of Wong Yiu-Ming (Anthony Wong), a prominent artist from Hong Kong, China. Through a comprehensive analysis of imagery and textual content, this study investigates how these metaphors facilitate the expression of political orientations and assesses the impact of Wong's identity and actions on his audience. The findings suggest that non-mainstream music holds a distinct political significance compared to mainstream music. Metaphorical representations in non-mainstream music effectively challenge state power by circumventing censorship, leveraging the global industrial network, enabling political expression, and aligning with the artist's multifaceted identity.

Managing the visibility of dissent: Stigma, social media, and family relationships among Azerbaijani activists

This study examines the strategies young Azerbaijani activists use to manage the visibility of their stigmatized political identities, particularly in relation to their families. Drawing on concepts of socially mediated visibility, stigma, and honor culture, we analyze interviews with 29 activists to explore how they navigate the complex trade-offs between visibility and concealment in an authoritarian context. Our findings highlight the central role of courtesy stigma and relational repression in shaping activists’ decisions, as they seek to balance their desire for political expression with the potential risks to their families. We also show how social media platforms both enable and complicate activists’ visibility management strategies. The study contributes to understanding the dynamics of activism and resistance in honor culture and authoritarian contexts.

Examining the Alignment of Ideological Expression with Behavior or Deception: An Experimental Investigation of Chinese Youth's Political Attitudes Towards America

<i>Background</i> In the context of globalization, as one of the most significant bilateral relations in the world, the dynamics of China-US relations exert a considerable influence on the world. Simultaneously, the accelerated advancement of Internet technology has provided a more expansive array of avenues for acquiring information. Through Social media, news websites, and international forums, Chinese youth groups demonstrate a heightened interest in global affairs. However, the divergence between disparate cultural and political systems has resulted in Chinese youth developing nuanced and multifaceted political dispositions when engaging with the United States and other Western nations. It is therefore imperative to study the political attitudes of Chinese youth, particularly to the United States. <i>Objectives</i> The concept of political attitude expression refers to the external manifestation of an individual's ideological position's usefulness. However, there is a lack of empirical research examining the alignment between an individual's inner motivation and their expression of political attitudes. Based on the aforementioned information, an experimental study was devised and executed with the aim of discerning political attitudes. The study focused on individuals' external expressions of political attitudes and their intrinsic motivations, specifically in relation to the United States. The objective was to examine whether specific factors could potentially influence the external manifestation of individuals' internal ideologies.<i> Main ideas</i> Various factors contribute to the expression of individual ideologies. The ideologies expressed by individuals do not solely reflect their ideological beliefs, but rather arise from a complex interplay of moderating factors influenced by individual rationality regarding economic costs and social circumstances. <i>Conclusions</i> (1) The political attitudes of Chinese youth toward the United States in general demonstrate a left-leaning trend, with low favorability toward the U.S. (2) Economic interests exert an influence on ideological expression, and individuals holding a left-leaning ideological position may elect to accept financial incentives and formally demonstrate high favorability toward the U.S., driven by economic interests. (3) Transformations in the social milieu may precipitate a phenomenon whereby individuals are inclined to "follow the crowd," concealing their authentic political dispositions and eschewing genuine political expression.

International sanctions and emigration

In this first statistical analysis of how international sanctions affect international migration, we apply two estimation strategies, a panel difference-in-differences model and an event study approach. Our dataset covers 79,791 dyad-year observations, reflecting migration flows from 157 origin countries to 32 industrialized destination countries between 1961 and 2018. We find that UN and joint EU-US sanctions increase emigration from target countries by around 20 percent. Our event study results for joint EU-US sanctions imply a gradual increase in emigration throughout a sanction episode. The impact of UN sanctions on international migration is smaller and less persistent. Moreover, the effects are driven by target countries with limited freedom of political expression, where emigration substitutes for the costly voicing of dissent. Finally, there appear to be no systematic gender differences in the migration effect of sanctions.

Does Sense of Presence Affect People's Politeness? Comparing VRChat and Soul App

Mobile social activities are among the most popular forms of socialization today, and has become an integral part of people's daily lives. With advances in technology and the rise of affordable virtual reality devices, VR social interaction through avatar creation and support for advanced body tracking capabilities has the potential to lead the next revolution in the digitization of social activities. However, whether in VR or on mobile phones, user politeness and friendliness are always crucial factors influencing the user experience of social applications. While past research has examined online politeness, less attention has been paid to comparing politeness perceptions between social VR and mobile applications. In the meantime, given that the core characteristics of VR socializing is its heightened sense of presence, research by many scholars in the relevant field also indicates that presence often positively correlates with positive emotions. Therefore, this study will explore how people perceive and express verbal and non-verbal politeness behaviors in different social applications (VR chat, Soul app), as well as investigate how the sense of presence provided by the devices influences people's expression of politeness. The study's results identified the polite and impolite behaviors that people had perceived in VR and the mobile App. Lastly, the study also reported that VR applications that offer a heightened sense of presence can better facilitate politeness.

Expression in Art and Politics: Interplay of Artistic and Social Discourse in Creative Industries

Expression in Art and Politics: Interplay of Artistic and Social Discourse in Creative Industries

Social and Cultural Factors in Expressing Politeness in English and Romanian

Even if the Romanian language, on the one hand, and the English language, on the other hand, have different historical backgrounds, with no genetic relatedness, there are quite a number of similarities in expressing politeness in both languages. Our present survey is focused on the investigation of politeness from the socio-cultural point of view, emphasizing the similarities and differences that exist between the two languages. We have discussed the main linguistic theoretical aspects regarding this phenomenon, from different points of view: the conversational view, the face-saving view and politeness viewed as a conversational contract. Afterwards, we have approached in detail the problem of linguistic politeness, highlighting the social and cultural factors that have the strongest impact on choosing a certain way of addressing. We have come to the conclusion that the similarities and differences that exist among the Romanian and English languages as regards politeness expression are triggered by various value systems and by different cultural and social systems.

The Dark Triad predicts public display of offensive political products

The Dark Triad is a constellation of related traits that capture subclinical aversive predispositions. The present research tested whether the Dark Triad predicts ideological poking, defined as the public display of products aimed at insulting political opponents. Study 1 (N = 299) indicated that psychopathy (but not Machiavellianism or narcissism) predicted ideological poking. Study 2 (N = 200) replicated this effect and specified further that psychopathy was associated with ideological poking around both ingroup and outgroup audiences. These results suggest that the Dark Triad, in particular psychopathy, may contribute to political polarization via its connection to extreme forms of political expression.

Voices of Resistance: Caste and Gender in Meena Kandasamy's Poetry

Dalit women's poetry is a powerful form of political expression that challenges the caste system and patriarchal structures in India. It gives voice to the experiences of marginalized women, exposing social injustices and demanding social change. Their poetry raises awareness about social issues, fosters community building among Dalit women, and inspires political activism. It disrupts the status quo and demands social change. Touch, the debut poetry collection of Meena Kandasamy, marks a significant entry into contemporary Indian poetry. Published in 2006, this collection offers a poignant exploration of caste, gender, and identity. Kandasamy uses her sharp poetic voice to address the socio-political issues that plague Indian society, particularly focusing on the experiences of Dalits and women. This paper delves into the themes, stylistic elements, and critical reception ofTouch, highlighting its impact on modern poetry and social discourse.

Managing the Expression of Politeness. A Diachronic Approach to the German and Romanian Professional Correspondence

Managing the Expression of Politeness. A Diachronic Approach to the German and Romanian Professional Correspondence

2023년 헌법 중요 판례 평석 (2)

This paper analyzed the meaning and content of major decisions made by the Constitutional Court in 2023 except for normative control. The Constitutional Court determined that the inspection of some items conducted by Gyeonggi-do Province violated Namyangju's local autonomy because the inspection was not specified or its relevance to the original inspection was not recognized. The Constitutional Court rejected the request for a competent dispute trial sought by the Minister of Justice and the prosecutor for the revision of the Public Prosecution Service Act and the Criminal Procedure Act by the National Assembly. The court opinions of the five judges denied the eligibility of the Minister of Justice as a claimant and the possibility of infringement of the prosecutor's authority. The Constitutional Court decided on the Ministry of Justice's announcement that prohibited the test of confirmed patients and restricted the test of self-quarantined and high-risk people in the 10th bar exam, which was scheduled to take effect in early January 2021, when COVID-19 was prevalent. The Constitutional Court judged that the uniformly prohibition of the respondent from taking the test due to vague concerns violated the claimants' freedom to choose their jobs. The Constitutional Court determined that the 'right to be registered' as soon as birth was a fundamental right guaranteed by the Constitution. In relation to the Incheon Metropolitan City lawn, the Constitutional Court judged that the Incheon Metropolitan City Ordinance, which restricts the use of the lawn for the purpose of assembly and demonstration, violates the Constitution by violating the claimants' freedom of assembly and association. With a 7:2 opinion, the Constitutional Court ruled that the 'Act on the Development of South and North Korean Relations' clause, which prohibits the spraying of leaflets to North Korea and punishes violations, violates the claimants' freedom of political expression.

ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN INDIAN POLITICAL COMMUNICATION: A STUDY OF CORPUS LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL NARRATIVE ON TWITTER DURING KARNATAKA ASSEMBLY ELECTION 2023

This study examines the political communication strategies applied during the Karnataka Assembly elections on May 23, 2023, with a specific focus on the Twitter (now X) as a platform. The Karnataka Assembly elections held notable importance for the then ruling Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP), as it aimed to consolidate its political influence in southern India in preparation for the upcoming 2024 general elections. The Indian National Congress, as the opposition party, perceived this as a favourable circumstance, as the voters appeared to be divided as a result of the presence of numerous influential local leaders who were not in sync with the ideology of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). This study utilises the Corpus linguistic methodology to examine the data obtained from the social media platform, Twitter, where political campaigning has become a significant strategy for achieving political mileage in India. This study conducts an analysis of the tweets shared by significant political actors throughout the campaign season for the Assembly elections, with a focus on examining the precise influence exerted by these tweets on the political discourse. The findings serve to reaffirm the resilience of the Indian democracy, as the electorate has demonstrated their capacity to differentiate and discern between matters of online debate and those that hold local significance. The study provides additional evidence to support the notion that the Twitter platform serves as a virtual space for political expression and the exchange of varied perspectives. However, it is important to note that these expressions and ideas may not necessarily translate into immediate influence on voting behaviour.

POLITICAL INTERNET MEMES: A LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE

The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of memes, which are a controversial aspect of modern communication, the subtleties of which have not yet been studied. The analysis of language material shows that the combination of verbal and non-verbal components of memes creates an autonomous information entity that is capable of self-reproduction of the representation of a linguistic personality at the phonetic, lexical, grammatical, cognitive and pragmatic levels in political discourse. In this realm, the concept of the “political internet meme” emerges, denoting a specialized form of political discourse that combines visual and verbal components to sway an audience into the realm of political communication. These memes combine traditional political terminology with colloquial vocabulary strategically designed to achieve persuasive goals. Generally, political internet memes are created through affixation and the use of simplified grammatical structures without articles, often intentionally including spelling and grammatical errors to increase their impact. In pursuit of a comedic effect, the creators of political Internet memes use a whole arsenal of stylistic and linguistic means. These include complex wordplay involving phonetic and morphological manipulations, various expressive techniques, and playful experiments with typography and punctuation. Thanks to such means, memes go beyond the simple transmission of information, turning into powerful tools of political expression and persuasion.

Measures to Organize Steam Education Activities for Children with Autism in Vietnam

This study assessed the expressive language development of M.T, a 5-6-year-old child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), following a STEAM educational intervention conducted in April 2023. Using a structured plan aimed at enhancing expressive language, the project involved activities like “Making Scented Jars” and “Making a Bird's Nest.” M. showed marked improvements, scoring 36 points in the post-intervention assessment, a 10-point increase from the baseline, placing him in the "Fair" category (Level 3). Key progress areas included the ability to present using visual aids and answer open-ended "Why?" questions. Initially unable to present and displaying negative reactions, M. gradually understood presentation structures and organized content more logically. He began to use simple negative sentences and sequence words effectively in storytelling. Additional gains were observed in daily use of names, actions, qualities, and polite expressions, indicating broader communicative improvement. Feedback from teachers and parents highlighted increased attention, interest, and confidence in STEAM activities. M.'s ability to engage in storytelling and role-playing significantly enhanced his classroom participation and reduced the need for external support. These findings underscore the potential of tailored STEAM activities to foster language development in children with ASD.

POLITICAL SATIRE ON SOCIAL MEDIA RESPONDING TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT'S DECISION ON VICE PRESIDENT AGE ELIGIBILITY FOR THE 2024 ELECTIONS

This research explains the political satire on Indonesian social media, focusing on the public's response to the constitutional court's decision regarding the vice president's age eligibility for the 2024 elections. Utilising Indonesia's three most prominent social media platforms, such as TikTok, Twitter, and YouTube, the research aims to unravel the various techniques for crafting and delivering political satire through visual and audiovisual media. A comprehensive analysis of 40 distinct satirical pieces was conducted to identify the different techniques. These pieces were collected using digital observation techniques across the specified platforms, supplemented by searches on Google. The methodological framework for the analysis is grounded in Buijzen and Valkenburg's (2004) typology for delivering humour. Our findings unveil a rich tapestry of satirical strategies employed by Indonesian netizens. At least seven distinct techniques were identified: irony, sarcasm, parody, puns, juxtaposition, slapstick, and metaphor. Irony emerged as the most prevalently used technique, indicating its effectiveness in nuanced political critiques. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the interaction between humour and political discourse in the digital age, especially within the Indonesian context. It highlights the significance of satire as a powerful tool for political expression and engagement on social media.

Exploring the Complexity of Mauli: An Analysis of Solidarity, Speech Community, Religion, and Gender in Marathi Address Term Usage

This paper delves into the intricate semantic nuances and sociopragmatic functions inherent in the Marathi address term “mauli” in the context of a colossal religious gathering. Through morphosyntactic analysis, it uncovers the term’s grammatical gender and its generic usage to encompass feminine and motherly attributes, embracing inclusiveness and generosity. Drawing from primary data collected during the Asadhi pilgrimage of 2023 through semi-structured interviews and participant observations, supplemented by secondary sources such as albums and songs, the study quantitatively and qualitatively examines the frequency and contextual use of “mauli”. Findings reveal its multifaceted sociopragmatic functions, including identity establishment, solidarity marking, politeness expression, and religiosity demonstration. However, its efficacy is constrained by temporal and spatial limitations, potentially hindering broader societal benefits. This exploration sheds light on the complex interplay between linguistic expressions, social dynamics, and religious practices within the Marathi cultural milieu.

The Court of Arbitration for Sport and Athlete Protests: A Focus on the 2020 Tokyo Olympics

This research paper aims to delve into the complex intersection of athlete protests, political expressions in sports, and the Court of Arbitration for Sport’s (CAS) role, particularly emphasizing the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. An exploratory design is employed, combining historical context with analytical insight. The structure covers an introduction to CAS and the significance of athlete protests, traces the historical precedent of political expressions in Olympic Games, elaborates on the jurisdiction and procedures of CAS, provides a meticulous overview of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics controversies, and conducts a comparative analysis with previous Olympic CAS rulings. The 2020 Tokyo Olympics witnessed an unprecedented surge in athlete protests and political expressions. Key CAS rulings during these games had a profound influence on athlete behaviour, public opinion, and the stance of the Olympic Committee. Notably, CAS’s decisions revealed a cautious approach, balancing the Olympic guidelines and athlete rights. The study illuminates the evolving dynamics between sports institutions and athlete expressions. CAS, as an adjudicatory body, plays a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of such protests, potentially influencing future Olympic policies. Gaining insights into the intricacies of the CAS decisions empowers sports professionals, athletes, and decision-makers to predict the possible outcomes of upcoming disputes. This in turn contributes to more seamless Olympic events. The present study delves deeply into the CAS’s engagement with athlete protests during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Distinct from previous research, this work amalgamates historical, procedural, and ethical dimensions, offering a comprehensive understanding of an area that is both intricate and under the global spotlight.

Useful or not? The discussion of traditional Chinese medicine to treat COVID-19 on a Chinese social networking site

The use of traditional medicine is a global phenomenon, and the WHO advocated its appropriate integration into modern healthcare systems. However, there is a hot debate about the legitimacy of...

선거운동에 관한 국회 입법의 평가와 과제

The freedom of election campaigning serves as a means for free elections, represents the freedom of political expression, and signifies the realization of the right to participate in politics. In this paper, amid the inauguration of the 22nd National Assembly, we evaluate the amendments to the “Public Official Election Act” by the 21st National Assembly, focusing on election campaigning, and propose legislative tasks for the 22nd National Assembly. The evaluation is based on the decisions of the Constitutional Court during the term of the 21st National Assembly, which ruled on multiple occasions that certain regulations related to election campaigning in the “Public Official Election Act” were unconstitutional or incompatible with the constitution. The content of the amended “Public Official Election Act” by the 21st National Assembly was analyzed based on these decisions. The decisions of the Constitutional Court appear to clarify the intended constitutional significance of the freedom of election campaigning, aiming to grant a broader scope of freedom to the citizens. Despite this intent expressed by the Constitutional Court, the “Public Official Election Act” revised by the 21st National Assembly does not properly reflect the spirit of the Court's decisions. The 22nd National Assembly has a duty to pay more attention and properly amend the “Public Official Election Act.” Evaluating the amendments related to election campaigning in the “Public Official Election Act” by the 21st National Assembly, despite the Constitutional Court's decisions specifying legislative deadlines to address unconstitutional discrepancies in regulations such as campaign restrictions using armbands and installation bans, the passed deadlines led to a one-month legislative gap. The regulations on installation bans and the distribution and posting of documents and paintings through illegal methods were only minimally revised by shortening the restriction periods, failing to eliminate the unconstitutional nature of broad and extensive restrictions as pointed out by the Constitutional Court. The limits on various gatherings were only slightly adjusted by introducing personnel restrictions, not reflecting the decisions' intent at all. Thus, the 22nd National Assembly should initially amend the “Public Official Election Act” in detail, in line with the decisions of the Constitutional Court. More fundamentally, considering the constitutional significance of election campaigning, it is necessary to redefine the need for and standards of regulation, significantly expand the freedom of election campaigning on the principle of 'permissive by default, restrictive by exception,' and boldly eliminate unnecessary regulations. Additionally, the “Public's Elections Act” should clarify the contents that the general public needs to know and adopt as norms for their actions, consider transitioning from limiting the election campaign period to regulating election campaign costs, and also critically review and adjust any conflicting or contradictory legal interpretations, as well as consider simplifying the legal structure through the categorical classification of the “Public Official Election Act.”