Expressions Of Disapproval Research Articles

Realisation of Music Teacher's Complaint Act with Gender Perspective in Solo Song WhatsApp Group

This qualitative study applies a pragmatic approach that investigates the complaining speech act (CSA) used by male and female music teachers based on the substansion of the Solo Song Competition in WhatsApp Group. Data were collected from the utterances of 13 participants using note-taking. The results indicated several findings. First, male music teachers have the highest preference for using the expression of disapproval with annoyance in the substance of after TM. In contrast, female music teachers have the highest preference for using the hint and the blame with explicit blame for person in the substance of before TM. The reason is not only about a high pressure from the school, parents, and students regarding the competitions, but also about dissatisfaction, dislike, and worry with a situation that is perceived as unfair, unprofessional, or harmful. Third, based on the comparison of the result of this study and previous researches reveals that gender influenced the choice of CSA usage. The results revealed that most of the complaints were related to issues regarding the competition regulations after TM. The competition regulations that were highly complained by both male and female music teachers were the inappropriate music instruments for men and women. The results also indicated that most of the complaints were addressed to the coordinator of the competition committee. The complaints submitted were a result of the untrustworthiness of male and female music teachers to the competition committee

Euphemisms and Dysphemisms in Netizens' Comments on Instagram Accounts @Sherlyannavita

This study aims to (1) find out the meaning of euphemisms and dysphemisms, (2) find out the function of euphemisms and dysphemisms in the Instagram comment column @sherlyannavita. This study uses sociolinguistic studies to examine various sources of meaning and function. This research is qualitative research. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis. The source of data in this study is comments on @sherlyannavita Instagram accounts with political themes in posts in September and October 2023. This research data is in the form of expressions or expressions classified as euphemisms and dysphemisms. Data collection techniques in the form of listen and record techniques. The analysis method used is in the form of referential padan techniques. Presentation of research results using informal methods. The results of this study were in the form of 25 euphemism expression data with associative meanings and functions to smooth speech. While the expression of dysphemism there are 28 data on the expression of dysphemism with associative and conceptual meanings, while its functions are in the form of ridicule, expressions of irritation, and expressions of disapproval.

Physicians’ attention to patients’ communication cues can improve patient satisfaction with care and perception of physicians’ empathy

The pathway that links good communication skills and better health outcomes is still unclear. However, it is known that the way that physicians and patients communicate with each other has direct consequences on more "proximal outcomes", such as perceptions of physician empathy and patient satisfaction. However, which specific communication skills lead to those patient outcomes is still unknown. In this study, the authors aimed to analyze which specific patient and physician communication skills are correlated to patients' satisfaction with care and patient-perceived physician empathy. The authors classified and quantified verbal and nonverbal communication of second-year internal medicine residents and their patients through video recordings of their consultations. Patients also rated their satisfaction with care and the physician's empathy for them. Using a linear regression model, the authors identified that patients' and physicians' expressions of disapproval, physicians' disruptions, and patients' use of content questions negatively correlated to patients' satisfaction and patient-perceived physician empathy. Conversely, patient affective behaviors and the physician's provision of advice/suggestion were positively correlated to at least one of the patient-measured outcomes. Our findings point to the importance of physicians' attentiveness to patients' communication cues. Training physicians to interpret those cues could help develop more satisfactory and empathic therapeutic relationships.

Does Third-Party Intervention Matter? A Video-Based Analysis of the Effect of Third-Party Intervention on the Continuation of Interpersonal Conflict Behaviour

Abstract The article investigates whether third-party intervention influences the continuation of antagonist conflict behaviour in interpersonal conflicts. The analysis is based on a systematic coding of video footage of real-life conflicts from the streets of Amsterdam. A panel data analysis shows that intervention leads to discontinuation of conflict behaviour. The analysis furthermore finds that while physically forceful intervention stops conflict behaviour, expressions of disapproval have no noticeable effect. The social relationship between third parties and antagonists does not appear to matter for this effect. Third parties thus play an integral part in the development of interpersonal conflicts, but this influence depends on how they intervene. Future preventive efforts should emphasize that intervention works but must be performed in certain ways to be effective.

COMPLAINT STRATEGIES AND FORMULAS IN CAMEROON FRENCH: A CASE STUDY

The present study examines the realization of complaints by Cameroonian French speakers. The data were collected, by means of discourse completion tasks (DCT) that was administered to 228 participants in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon. The examples were analyzed according to the following aspects: head act strategies (direct and indirect complaints) and external modifiers. With respect to head act strategies, the results show that the informants mostly preferred direct complaints in the form of expressions of disapproval and accusations, and indirect complaints in the form of expressions of disbelief and requests for repair. It was also found that the participants mostly used complex complaint utterances with a wide variety of pragmatic strategies and linguistic realizations. The analysis also reveals that the participants employed different types of external modifiers to soften or aggravate their complaints. These include preparatory acts such as exclamations, attention getters, address terms, etc., and supportive acts such as expressions of regrets, insistence acts, sarcasm, suggestions, etc. The strategies and formulas attested in the data seem to reflect the way in which Cameroon French speakers voice complaints in naturally occurring situations involving peer equality.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0917/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОЕ СОПОСТАВЛЕНИЕ ЭКСПЛИКАЦИЙ НЕОДОБРЕНИЯ И НЕДОВОЛЬСТВА В АНГЛИЙСКОЙ И КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РАЗГОВОРНОЙ РЕЧИ

The article describes a functional-semantic contrast between the expressions of disapproval and discontent in English and Kyrgyz’s colloquial speech. The aims are to identify the similarities and differences between the studied phenomena in both compared languages, as well as to identify such moments that would remain unnoticed when studying the system of only one language. It was found that the speech acts of disapproval as a higher degree of negative-evaluation semantics is realized through the main parts of the functional and semantic field (FSF) - the core and center of the field; while the speech act of discontent as a lower degree of negative-evaluation semantics is realized only through the peripheral parts of the FSF - the near and far periphery of the field.

A variational pragmatic analysis of the speech act of complaint focusing on Alexandrian and Najdi Arabic

There is little pragmatic research on the pluricentric nature of the Arabic language. The current study highlights this nature by adopting a variational pragmatic approach to examine the complaint behavior of speakers of two Arabic dialects: Alexandrian Arabic versus Najdi Arabic. Data were collected from 120 undergraduates through roleplays and coded using an adapted version of Trosborg's (1995) coding scheme for complaints and internal modifiers. The findings showed that both groups preferred using directive acts followed by expressions of disapproval and blame in their complaints. However, the use of hints and accusations was minimized. The study found that Alexandrians employ more direct complaint strategies and exhibit less influence of the social variables of gender, social distance, and social dominance than Najdis. Additionally, both groups show concern for a complainee's negative face but to varying degrees. The results are interpreted in the context of existing literature, politeness theory, and relevant cultural models.

The Hay Baler

The Hay Baler Tracy Thompson (bio) A Lie of Stupendous Omissions In 1961, the summer before my grandfather died, my father got the idea to bale kudzu. He was a city boy who grew up in Gadsden, Alabama, and had little experience with hay balers, but he knew a plentiful and cheap resource when he saw it. I think he had some idea that kudzu could be baled and sold as winter fodder for livestock. Paw Paw, my grandfather, had grown up on a farm, and it might have occurred to him that if anybody could make money selling kudzu, they would have already gotten rich doing it, but he was evidently game to try. So one Saturday morning they dragged the hay baler out and set it up in the dirt road that led past the barn to the tenant’s shack. I would have been about five. I have a fragmentary memory of standing by with my mother, my sister, and my grandmother while the men sweated, hooking the baler motor up to the generator and threading the baling twine. In my memory, my grandmother is in her usual Saturday attire: her hair pinned up in pink foam curlers [End Page 653] and covered with a hair net for church the next day. She wears a faded housedress, an apron, and an expression of disapproval. I bet she knew they were about to wreck the hay baler; I bet she knew it was useless to say so. The generator came on, the baler started to vibrate, and my dad dumped a load of kudzu into the hopper. For a few moments, the leaves fed into the machine the way they were supposed to. Then we heard a metallic groan as the sinewy vines wrapped themselves around the baler’s inner parts and tied themselves in knots. Kudzu one, hay baler zero. My past is like kudzu: it defeats all efforts to package neatly. I grew up in the cloistered world of a Fundamentalist white girl in the Deep South of the 1960s, and I cannot stop trying to make sense of how I got from there to here — from the hermetically sealed bubble of Jim Crow to the urgency of #BlackLivesMatter. Why do I keep trying? Partly it is just growing older, the way we all try to make sense of our lives. Partly it is because most of my past has been literally erased. I lived on the side of Atlanta that the money left behind on its way north. Almost every residential area or open land I knew growing up has morphed into an ugly industrial site, a strip mall, a slum, a parking lot, a waste dump — all of it mute testimony to rampant consumerism and the degradation of our planet. My childhood home is gone. Of the grove of towering oak trees that sheltered my house, exactly one survives; the rest have been replaced by asphalt. My elementary school is an abandoned ruin; in what used to be piney woods near my old high school sits Creflo Dollar’s temple to the prosperity gospel, with overflow parking and shuttle bus service available for the suckers who arrive late. The rural world I knew is now ugly, polluted, and strewn with trash — or cultivated by monster machines operated by tiny humans [End Page 654] who work for Big Ag, planting seeds they do not own to grow genetically modified crops. Mostly, though, it is because the world I knew was defined by a version of history that turned out to be a lie of stupendous omissions. Historian Arnold Toynbee recalls watching Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee in 1897 and thinking that he was a citizen of a country that ruled the world and would forever, and that history was something unpleasant that happened to other people. But he added, “Of course, if I had been a small boy in 1897 in the Southern part of the United States, I should not have felt the same; I should then have known from my parents that history had happened to my people in my part of the world.” History happened to my people, in my part...

‘Don’t you ma’am me!’

The cognitive construction grammar (CCxG) approach can be used to examine the correlation between a constructional schema (CS) and an illocutionary force, in spoken discourse. This study aims to explore the construction [D(Y)[X]viM]j as in “Don’t you ma’am me” in the expression of disapproval or reprimand through the CxG-based examination of data obtained from three corpora: The Movie Corpus (TMC), The TV Corpus (TTVC) and the Corpus of American Soap Operas (CASO). Five constructional schemas (CS-0 to CS-4) have been identified, and they pertain to a network of constructions in which low-level CSs are more unambiguous and productive than high-level ones. Although constant elements of such constructions contribute to a more solid correlation of form and meaning, the variable (verb) undergoes a process of functional shift to guarantee the formulaic constituency of these constructions and the expression of disapproval in a given communicative situation. A distinctive feature of the converted verb is its connection (or anchoring) to the preceding move, which can be either semantic or morphological (or echoic), the latter being, on some occasions, detached from the original meaning of the verb.

Notions and Concepts in Family Law. Discrepancy Between Polish Family Law and Social Reality

Abstract Modern times are an arena for two opposing trends: the liberalization of mores and laws, and the distancing of changes and adoption of a conservative position against those that occur. Polish family law clearly fails to keep pace with the changes taking place and does not perceive new phenomena. Is this an intentional act of the legislator leading to the preservation of traditional values, or the expression of disapproval and belief in the transitoriness of new phenomena? It comes together with the introduction of new terminology or new interpretations of already existing concepts. Hence the meaning of some of the current concepts in everyday language differs significantly from their meaning arising from legal instruments. The article is an attempt to deal with this problem.

More Than a Number

By the time I was fourteen I had been living with diabetes for five years, and in those five years I had learned one thing: I was a number. My blood glucose number determined if I got a lecture or praise from the only doctor I had ever truly known. My weight number determined the response I would receive from my nutritionist, with her judgement of me as a number coming out as facial expressions of disapproval, making me feel like that number was more important than the journey I had taken to get to it. Five of the most formative years of my life taught me that I was nothing but a number, and in every case, the lower, the better. At 12 years old I refused to eat a bagel because I was terrified it would make me go blind. I couldn’t trust food, I couldn’t trust my diabetes, and the resulting fear pervaded and led to either not eating carbohydrates at all – severe restriction – or eating all the carbohydrates – severe binging. It’s no wonder that women with type 1 diabetes are 2.4 times more likely to develop an eating disorder than their peers without diabetes. We need to change our diabetes education, from diagnosis and beyond, to encourage us to think and talk about diabetes control and measurement with a focus on more than just the numbers. We need to actively and aggressively consider quality of life, our personal goals, and the collection of intangibles that makes us a person with diabetes, rather than just diabetes itself.

Wringe, Bill. An Expressive Theory of Punishment.London: Macmillian, 2016. Pp. 186. $99.00 (cloth).

Wringe, Bill. <i>An Expressive Theory of Punishment</i>.London: Macmillian, 2016. Pp. 186. $99.00 (cloth).

Face Threatening Acts in Wayang Golek

&lt;p&gt;This study aims at describing negative and positive face threatening acts of puppetry’s figures in Wayang Golek show. The data use are puppetry figure’s spoken conversation dialogue in Wayang Golek show. The findings to study are the expressions of negative face threatening acts of order and request, suggestion, advice, threat, offer, promise, compliment, expression of strong emotion of hatred and anger toward hearer. The positive face threatening acts are the expressions of disapproval, criticism, contempt, insult, challenge, expression of violent emotion, irreverence, mention of taboo topic, bringing of bad news about hearer, blatant non-cooperation in activity of making non-sequiturs, and use of address terms of status-marked identification in initial encounter. &lt;/p&gt;

Somewhere between evil and normal

This article considers the way commonplace moral actions such as expressing disapproval and offering sympathy are managed in interaction on a child protection helpline. Although the helpline routinely engages with callers’ reports of traumatic events such as child neglect and abuse, overt moral assessments by call takers such as expressions of disapproval and displays of sympathy are much less common. We argue that this resistance to displays of sympathy and disapproval by call takers relates to key institutional tasks of (a) gathering information for referral to other services and offering advice; (b) avoiding actions that could disrupt the necessary interrogation of reports; and (c) holding off alignment with precise versions of events and responsibility that are often the very thing at stake in the call. Nevertheless, call takers may use more indirect traces of morality such as prosodic inflections or precisely positioned ‘tut’ particles to acknowledge the relevance or moral evaluations while not disrupting the trajectory of the report and its assessment. More broadly, this illustrates some of the complex ways in which moral practices are refined and transformed in institutional settings.

What makes a sanction “stick”? The effects of financial and social sanctions on norm compliance

The present research shows that, like financial sanctions, social punishment (the mere expression of disapproval with another person's conduct) induces compliance with norms for cooperation in a social dilemma. More importantly, after removing the sanctioning opportunity levels of cooperation decrease more under former financial than under former social sanctioning systems. Hence social sanctions are more effective than financial sanctions at inducing “sticky” norms that guide behavior even in the absence of punishment cues. Public policy implications are discussed.

Assessing Informal Social Control Against the Highly Stigmatized

Both formal and informal social controls are powerful guides and restrictions on behaviors. This study assesses the types of informal social control—observations and interventions, and proposes a division of intervention strategies into two subforms—expressions of disapproval and direct sanctions. Using data from two states (Kansas and Oklahoma) analyses show that registered sex offenders are subject to a wide variety of informal community social control efforts. These offenders feel moderate to high levels of stress, with observation and direct sanctions, but not with expressions of disapproval. Examinations of differences between sex offenders with adult and child victims show no differences in receipt of informal social control efforts or resulting stress.

Sustaining cooperation in laboratory public goods experiments: a selective survey of the literature

I survey the literature post Ledyard (Handbook of Experimental Economics, ed. by J. Kagel, A. Roth, Chap. 2, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1995) on three related issues in linear public goods experiments: (1) conditional cooperation; (2) the role of costly monetary punishments in sustaining cooperation and (3) the sustenance of cooperation via means other than such punishments. Many participants in laboratory public goods experiments are “conditional cooperators” whose contributions to the public good are positively correlated with their beliefs about the average group contribution. Conditional cooperators are often able to sustain high contributions to the public good through costly monetary punishment of free-riders but also by other mechanisms such as expressions of disapproval, advice giving and assortative matching.

Nonmonetary Sanctions and Rewards in an Experimental Coordination Game

A growing body of experimental research documents that nonmonetary sanctions and rewards may be important instruments for enforcing efficient behavior. This study contributes to this literature by reporting results from a laboratory experiment. The experiment is designed to test whether nonmonetary sanctions or rewards alone can yield the optimal level of efficiency in a game with Pareto-ranked equilibria. Performance based disapproval and approval ratings, assigned by group members, are used as proxies for nonmonetary sanction and reward, respectively. Although these ratings are costless and payoff neutral, results show that expression of disapproval facilitates coordination on the most efficient equilibrium. In contrast, statement of approval induces subjects to converge towards the most inefficient outcome. We conclude that induced approval and disapproval ratings have asymmetric behavioral effects on coordination.

Mistaken Expressions

It is a suggestive feature of English and other languages that an indicative sentence such as ‘Premarital sex is wrong’ can be described not only as an expression of the belief that premarital sex is wrong, but also as an expression of disapproval of premarital sex. Disapproval is plausibly regarded as an attitude that is distinct from belief, in that it does not have truth conditions. What sort of attitude, then, should we take ‘Premarital sex is wrong’ to express: disapproval, belief, or perhaps both? One group of contemporary philosophers advocates the first Option. They hold that evaluative claims serve essentially to express positive and negative attitudes that are more like desires than beliefs, and that cannot be said to be true or false — at least in the robust way in which claims about the ages of trees (for example) can be true or false. Call these philosophers ‘expressivists.’ Seemingly opposed to expressivists are those who hold that evaluative claims express beliefs, and can be true or false.

Michael Land

Michael Land is Professor of Neurobiology at Sussex University. He has studied the eyes and vision of a wide variety of animals, and has written a book, Animal Eyes, with Dan-Eric Nilsson. More recently his work has mainly been concerned with the relations between human eye movements and the control of actions.