Form Expressions Research Articles

One-dimensional pseudoharmonic oscillator: classical remarks and quantum-information theory

Motion along semi-infinite straight line in a potential that is a combination of positive quadratic and inverse quadratic functions of the position is considered with the emphasis on the analysis of its quantum-information properties. Classical measure of symmetry of the potential is proposed and its dependence on the particle energy and the factor describing a relative strength of its constituents is described; in particular, it is shown that a variation of the parameter alters the shape from the half-harmonic oscillator (HHO) at to the perfectly symmetric one of the double frequency oscillator (DFO) in the limit of huge . Quantum consideration focuses on the analysis of information-theoretical measures, such as standard deviations, Shannon, Rényi and Tsallis entropies together with Fisher information, Onicescu energy and non–Gaussianity. For doing this, among others, a method of calculating momentum waveforms is proposed that results in their analytic expressions in form of the confluent hypergeometric functions. Increasing parameter modifies the measures in such a way that they gradually transform into those corresponding to the DFO what, in particular, means that the lowest orbital saturates Heisenberg, Shannon, Rényi and Tsallis uncertainty relations with the corresponding position and momentum non–Gaussianities turning to zero. A simple expression is derived of the orbital-independent lower threshold of the semi-infinite range of the dimensionless Rényi/Tsallis coefficient where momentum components of these one-parameter entropies exist which shows that it varies between 1/4 at HHO and zero when tends to infinity. Physical interpretation of obtained mathematical results is provided.

Evaluation of CD133 expression rate in colon cancers with immunohistochemistry method and its relationship with colon cancer prognosis

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death, worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the CD133 expression rate in colon cancers and determine its relationship with colon cancer prognosis. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in AL-Zahra hospital in Isfahan from April 2008 to April 2014 on 80 patients with CRC. In this study demographic profile such as age and gender, clinicopathologic profile including tumor grade, size, stage, metastasis, 5-year survival and their relation with CD133 expression in form of diffuse, weakly and negative were investigated. Results: From the 80 investigated patients, 47 (58.8%) were male and rest were female. The most common type of CD133 was diffuse type with the 43.8% of cases. Mean age of patients was 61.4±14.12 years. This study showed a significant difference between type of CD133 in regards of tumour size (from 23.11 mm in negative cases to 38.85 in weakly cases, P = 0.047). Moreover, the 5-year survival in the three groups of CD133 were significantly different (from 22.54 months in diffuse to 34.42 months in negative cases, P = 0.025). Conclusion: CD133 may be considered as an important tumor marker and a prognostic and diagnostic marker, as well as a therapeutic approach in patients with CRC.

STUDENT'S VISUAL REASONING IN SOLVING LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TERMS OF LEARNING STYLE

This study aims to describe students' visual mathematical reasoning abilities based on visual learning styles, auditory, and kinesthetic (VAK) in solving systems of linear equations. The research approach used is qualitative with a case study design. The research subjects involved were 30 students of class VIII at a private school in Surakarta. The research instrument used was a VAK learning style questionnaire, visual reasoning test (TPV) questions, and interview guidelines. Data analysis was carried out inductively, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that there was a diversity of students' reasoning abilities based on learning styles. Although visual and auditory students are able to present mathematical expressions in visual form in the form of graphs, their ability to describe graphs is relatively diverse. In other words, visual and auditory students have various abilities on various investigative indicators. Meanwhile, students with kinesthetic learning styles cannot present mathematical expressions in the form of graphs so they cannot describe visual objects. In other words, kinesthetic students are not able to fulfill the investigation indicators. Thus, it can be concluded that the visual reasoning ability of the kinesthetic student's investigative dimension is the weakest compared to the visual and auditory learning styles. Meanwhile, the dimensions of student investigation with visual and auditory learning styles are relatively diverse.

Discussion on the Value of Integration Traditional Culture Into Kindergarten Curriculum ---Take Wuhu Iron Painting Technology as an Example

Traditional culture is the overall expression of various ideological, cultural and conceptual forms formed in the historical development of our country. Traditional culture breeds the precious spiritual character of the Chinese nation and has very important educational value. Integrating traditional culture into kindergarten curriculum can promote the development of children's character and sociality. Iron painting is a folk craft with a long history in China. Integrating iron painting technology into kindergarten curriculum is an effective way to inherit Chinese excellent culture, an inevitable requirement to promote children's physical and mental development, and a feasible path to promote kindergarten curriculum construction. At the same time, it is feasible to integrate traditional culture into kindergarten curriculum. On the one hand, the research on traditional culture has accumulated some early achievements, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of kindergarten based curriculum; On the other hand, kindergartens can develop game materials of iron painting technology, which reduces the operation difficulty of iron painting technology. It is suggested that kindergartens establish curriculum concepts around children's development and promote the construction of teachers of traditional culture.

Abstract 5713: Alternative splicing of the chromatin modifier gene BAZ1A in colorectal cancer

Abstract Bromodomain Adjacent to Zinc finger Domain 1A (BAZ1A) is a non-catalytic subunit of the ATP-dependent chromatin assembly factor that regulates key cellular processes such as DNA replication, chromatin assembly, DNA repair, and transcriptional gene regulation (1). Defective DNA repair is a hallmark of cancer etiology, and BAZ1A is one of the deregulated proteins in colorectal cancer. The BAZ1A transcript exhibits full-length and truncated forms, generated via alternative splicing of exon-13. We observed that the histone deacetylase inhibitor sulforaphane (SFN) modulated alternative splicing of BAZ1A in human colon cancer cells by increasing the relative expression of the short vs. the long transcript. Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Regulator 2 (CCAR2) and Zinc finger protein 326 (ZIRD) are components of the DBIRD complex that integrates alternative splicing and the rate of transcript elongation (2). Knockdown of DBIRD members, including ZIRD and splicing factor hnRNPA1, downregulated expression of BAZ1A long form, whereas the BAZ1A short form was unaltered. Previous studies in SFN-treated colon cancer cells revealed that the BAZ1A bromodomain recognized a novel K97 acetylation site in CCAR2 (3). Co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that CCAR2 and BAZ1A interacted with each other in the presence and absence of SFN. On investigating the involvement of CCAR2 in BAZ1A alternative splicing, SFN treatment increased the expression of both BAZ1A long and short forms in CCAR2-/- HCT116 colon cancer cells. Although the total expression of BAZ1A was influenced by CCAR2 loss, alternative splicing of BAZ1A was independent of DBIRD complex-mediated regulation. Pursuing the role of p53 and p21 in BAZ1A alternative splicing, SFN treatment increased the expression of BAZ1A short form in p21-/- HCT116 cells, whereas this was impaired in p53-/- HCT116 cells. Overall, this investigation provided mechanistic insights into the regulation of alternative splicing in SFN-treated colon cancer cells, and BAZ1A functionalities that might be targeted via next-generation combinatorial epigenetic agents (4). Supported in part by NCI grant CA122959, by the John S. Dunn Foundation, and by a Chancellor’s Research Initiative.

Abstract 911: Ablation of rare tumor propagating cells during early lung adenocarcinoma development abrogates tumor growth and progression

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Non-small lung cancer accounts for 85% of diagnoses and the predominant subtype is lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Previously, we identified a population of Tumor Propagating Cells (TPCs) in the Kras; TP53 GEM model of LUAD. We demonstrated that TPCs have a greater capacity for secondary tumor formation and are enriched after treatment. The TPC population is defined by the expression of CD24, ITGB4 and Notch, with further functional validation showing that Notch3 contributes to this propagation phenotype in a non-redundant fashion. To investigate the biology of these TPCs, we have produced a KrasFSFG12D; Tp53FRT/FRT; Notch3CreERT2; RFP; inducible Diphtheria toxin receptor mouse (KPFFNRiDTR) for lineage tracing and ablation of Notch3 expressing tumor cells to get a granular understanding of the cell types/progeny generated by Notch3 expressing cells and the effects of removing these cells on the tumor microenvironment.In this model, adenovirus expressing FLP is delivered intra-tracheally resulting in expression of an oncogenic form of Kras and deletion of TP53, initiating LUAD tumors. Upon administration of Tamoxifen, Notch3 expressing cells are labelled by induced expression of RFP and DTR, then these cells can be ablated by subsequent dosing with Diphtheria toxin. By labelling/ablating cells at different disease progressions we can infer the importance of Notch signaling at key timepoints and assess the contribution of Notch3 expressing cells to the tumor microenvironment and tumor progression. We have found that Notch3 is expressed in the epithelial progenitors during early embryogenesis up to ~p5 and then gets turned off in the epithelial compartment of distal lung during alveologenesis, and in adults Notch3 is only expressed in the lung pericytes. Thus, the cell of origin for LUAD does not express Notch3, even if the TPC does, and we see the acquisition of Notch3 expression during early tumorigenesis. If we ablate Notch3 positive cells during this state we effectively prevent further growth of the tumors, however we still see similar tumor numbers at endpoint, suggesting that all lesions that will progress are already present when we ablate the TPCs. Considering that the total number of Notch3 cells in the tumor is approximated 1%, this is a profound effect on the overall growth of the tumor and suggests that the TPCs are fundamentally required for lung adenocarcinoma progression and may be a viable target for treatment. Citation Format: Kieren D. Marini, Emma C. Champion, Phuong T. Dinh, Elizabeth E. Hwang, Leanne C. Sayles, E. Alejandro Sweet-Cordero. Ablation of rare tumor propagating cells during early lung adenocarcinoma development abrogates tumor growth and progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 911.

Abstract 1961: Discovery and validation of prostate cancer biomarkers of biochemical recurrence in low-risk prostate cancer patients

Abstract Introduction: Prostate cancer (CaP) is predominantly indolent disease with a small fraction of patients undergoing metastatic progression. Therefore, it is critical to identify prognostic markers for the early detection of an aggressive subtype. We hypothesized that tissue specimens from early-stage, low risk CaP may harbor predictive prognostic signatures for disease progression after radical prostatectomy. Previously, we had systematically evaluated and optimized the NanoString platform for CaP gene expression analysis in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) whole mounted prostate specimens. The goal of the study is to validate the CPDR findings on the differential mRNA expression of candidate markers from patients with BCR (biochemical recurrence) and non-BCR in an independent cohort. Methods: This is a retrospective case cohort study based on 78 tumor-normal paired (N=156) archived whole mounted FFPE prostate samples received from biobank at UTHSCSA. We performed an optimized NanoString analysis of 203-CaP probe set to evaluate the association of markers with BCR outcome in a racially diverse patient population comprising of 21.6% AA and 78.38% CA men. The cohort comprised of 28 patients with BCR, and 50 patients with no BCR (based on a minimum of 5 years of follow-up). ERG gene expression was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay using CPDR ERG-MAb (9FY). Normalized nCounter gene expression data was analyzed using the NanoString nSolver (v 4.0) platform. Fisher exact and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used for categorical and continuous variables respectively. Results: We found 96.1% (73/76) concordance between ERG IHC and NanoString datasets, which provides strong QC and validation for NanoString data. ERG positive tumors had strong expression of both TMPRSS2-ERG fusion and several other ERG splice forms. Additionally, the prostate epithelial cell markers PSA, MSMB and PAP had the highest signals in all samples reflecting the prostate epithelial origin of the specimens. Differential gene expression analysis showed that a total of 37 genes were found to be significantly (P adj <0.05) different across tumors and normal. Established CaP genes like AMACR, PCA3, OR51E2, ERG, HOXC6, DLX1, CACNA1D and PSGR were most highly over-expressed in tumors compared to matched normal while GSTP1, CAV1, PAP and MSMB were significantly downregulated in tumors compared to adjacent normal prostate epithelia. Race stratified analysis in this randomly selected patient cohort showed that AA men were found to be significantly younger (median age: 56 years AA vs. 63 years CA; p 0.01) and had higher frequency of BCR events (p 0.004) than CA men. Data analysis for disease outcome across AA and CA men is ongoing. Conclusions: We confirmed that NanoString approach is useful for evaluation of prognostic biomarker candidates in prostate cancer using FFPE specimens. Citation Format: Indu Kohaar, Kaitlyn Bejar, Denise Young, Yingjie Song, Jiji Jiang, Jacob Kagan, Sudhir Srivastava, Javier Hernandez, Gregory Chesnut, Isabell A. Sesterhenn, Robin J. Leach, Gyorgy Petrovics. Discovery and validation of prostate cancer biomarkers of biochemical recurrence in low-risk prostate cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1961.

Abstract 711: γ-Tocotrienol inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) expression and activation in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-453 cells is associated with a reduction in cellular proliferation and viability

Abstract Targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains challenging due to poor understanding of its molecular etiology. Previous studies have shown that androgen receptors (AR) are widely expressed in approximately one-third of TNBC, and are referred to as luminal androgen receptors (LAR). AR has recently emerged as a prognostic and treatment-predictive biomarker in breast cancer. However, the role of AR in TNBC remained elusive. Treatment with AR-antagonist have been shown to suppress AR activation and signaling in TNBC and results in a corresponding reduction in tumor cell proliferation and survival due to the initiation of apoptosis in these tumor cells. γ-Tocotrienol (γT3) is a natural isoform of vitamin E that displays potent anticancer activity. Results show that treatment with 0-7 μM γT3 induces a dose-responsive significant decrease, whereas treatment with 35 nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT) results in a significant increase of AR expression and corresponding increase in growth of MDA-MB-453 TNBC cells. Combined treatment of 7 μM γT3 with 35 nM DHT significantly inhibits DHT-induced proliferation and AR activation in MDA-MB-453 cells. Western blot analysis shows that combined treatment with γT3 and DHT induced a significant decrease in phosphorylated ERK1/2 (active form) expression, but had no effect on total ERK1/2 levels in MDA-MB-453 TNBC cells. Flow cytometry analysis shows that γT3 treatment was also found to induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and significantly increased the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells, as compared to MDA-MB-453 TNBC cells in the vehicle-treated control group. Western blot analysis shows that γT3 treatment also inhibited DHT-induced elevations in CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D1 expression (cell cycle progression biomarkers) and induces a significant increase in the expression of tumor suppressor protein, p53, in MDA-MB-453 TNBC cells. Similar treatment with 7 µM γT3 induces a corresponding significant increase in apoptosis biomarker expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax in MDA-MB-453 TNBC cells. In summary, results from these studies demonstrated that γT3 treatment inhibits AR expression, activation and signaling, as well as DHT-dependent cell proliferation and viability in TNBC. These finding also suggest that the LAR may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment TNBC. This study was supported in part by funding from the Louisiana Cancer Foundation. Citation Format: Tasmin A. Sultana, Nayef Aldabaan, Paul W. Sylvester. γ-Tocotrienol inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) expression and activation in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-453 cells is associated with a reduction in cellular proliferation and viability [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 711.

247-LB: Pancreatic Elastase Regulates ß-Cell Viability by Impairing the Mechanosignaling Pathway

The discovery of SerpinB1 as an inducer of human β-cell proliferation pointed to acinar cell-derived proteases such as pancreatic elastase (PE) being involved in regulating β-cell viability. Indeed, we observed that expression of a major form of PE, namely CELA3B, was increased in acinar cells from donors with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to samples from non-diabetic (ND) donors. Surprisingly, CELA3B protein levels were higher in T2D vs. ND islets, although its gene expression levels were virtually undetectable. We confirmed that increasing doses of exogenous PE is able to decrease viability of EndoC-βH3 (βH3) cells in vitro. To evaluate the effects of PE inhibition on β-cell survival, we used telaprevir, an FDA-approved drug, that we identified as a potent PE blocker using a High-Throughput Screening assays with an IC50 of 15.6 nM to inhibit PE activity. Consistent with the mitogenic effects of SerpinB1 on β-cells, telaprevir also increased human β-cell viability in in vitro and in vivo systems. By performing phospho-antibody microarrays and single-cell RNA-Seq in human islets treated with vehicle or telaprevir, we identified the mechano-signaling pathway, which integrates the signals generated by the extracellular matrix (ECM) , as a candidate pathway linking PE inhibition to β-cell viability. We validated the results by treating EndoC-βH1 (βH1) cells lacking focal adhesion kinase (siFAK) with PE +/- telaprevir. We observed that PE impaired the mechano-signaling cascade, and these effects were reversed by telaprevir in control cells, but not in siFAK cells. Furthermore, using the novel approach of Brillouin microscopy we observed that PE increased the intracellular stiffness in βH1 cells, as a readout of cytoskeleton arrangements, whereas telaprevir blunted these effects. These data point to novel pathways underlying the acinar-β-cell crosstalk that could be harnessed for therapeutic approaches to resolve diabetes in patients. Disclosure G. Basile: None. B. Wagner: Research Support; Japan Tobacco Inc., Novo Nordisk Foundation, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Stock/Shareholder; Moderna, Inc., Pfizer Inc. R. Kulkarni: Advisory Panel; Biomea, Novo Nordisk, REDD Pharma, Consultant; Relay Therapeutics, Research Support; Inversago, SerPlus. A. Vetere: None. J. Hu: None. O. Ijaduola: None. D. F. De jesus: n/a. K. Fukuda: None. A. M. Eltony: None. A. Yun: None. A. Choudhary: None. Funding JDRF: 3-PDF-2020-935-A-NNIH: U01 DK123717NIH: UC4 DK116255

Casual Violence: Mis‐understanding, Misogyny, Adolescence

This paper was born out of a very specific emotional experience I had with a patient that alerted me to a phenomenon of casual violence which, owing to its everydayness, may remain incipient. The experience described with Mr X is specific, but he is also a placeholder for patients who seemed to come together in my mind. The nature of this seemed both elusive and pervasive in many patients. What they seemed to have in common was a certain violence by which they were expelled from spaces – official and/or intimate. Post #MeToo, some of them were accused of being predatory. For a long time, I could not identify it in the transference. The paper traces this violence to a quotidian misogyny and furthermore to the introjection of a ‘mis‐understanding link’. There appears to be a correspondence between ‘banal’ absence of thinking (Arendt, 2000) and a relationship of ‘mis‐understanding’ (Bion, 1962). Such mis‐understanding finds expression in forms of violent masculinity (Rose, 2021). Finally, it is suggested that contemporary masculinity is not of the older macho sort, but seems to have an affinity towards ‘adolescent states of mind’ (Meltzer, 1973). It is speculated that cultural practices seem to encourage a perpetual adolescence.

Serum Levels of Ficolin-3 and Mannose-Binding Lectin in Patients with Leprosy and Their Family Contacts in a Hyperendemic Region in Northeastern Brazil.

The present study aimed at analyzing the serum levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolin-3 (FCN3) in leprosy patients and their healthy family contacts in a hyperendemic region in northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 90 patients who had been diagnosed with leprosy and 79 healthy family contacts. Serum levels of the MBL and FCN3 proteins were measured using the immunofluorometric assay (ELISA). Clinical information was determined from the patients’ charts. It was observed that the leprosy patients were more likely to be male (OR = 2.17; p = 0.01) and younger than fifteen years of age (OR = 2.01; p = 0.03) when compared to the family contacts. Those under 15 years of age had higher levels of MBL (4455 ng/mL) than those over 15 years of age (2342 ng/mL; p = 0.018). Higher FCN3 levels were identified in patients with indeterminate leprosy (41.9 µg/mL) compared to those with the lepromatous form (34.3 µg/mL; p = 0.033) and in those with no physical disabilities (38.1 µg/mL) compared to those with some disability (p = 0.031). Higher FCN3 levels were also observed in the group of patients without leprosy reactions (37.4 µg/mL) compared to those with type 1 (33.7 µg/mL) and type 2 (36.1 µg/mL) reactions. The MBL levels were higher in children under 15 years of age than they were in adults. It was evidenced that higher FCN3 serum levels were associated with early and transient clinical forms and lower expression in severe forms of leprosy.

Neuronal pentraxin 2 is required for facilitating excitatory synaptic inputs onto spinal neurons involved in pruriceptive transmission in a model of chronic itch

An excitatory neuron subset in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) that expresses gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) is critical for pruriceptive transmission. Here, we show that glutamatergic excitatory inputs onto GRPR+ neurons are facilitated in mouse models of chronic itch. In these models, neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2), an activity-dependent immediate early gene product, is upregulated in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Electron microscopy reveals that NPTX2 is present at presynaptic terminals connected onto postsynaptic GRPR+ neurons. NPTX2-knockout prevents the facilitation of synaptic inputs to GRPR+ neurons, and repetitive scratching behavior. DRG-specific NPTX2 expression rescues the impaired behavioral phenotype in NPTX2-knockout mice. Moreover, ectopic expression of a dominant-negative form of NPTX2 in DRG neurons reduces chronic itch-like behavior in mice. Our findings indicate that the upregulation of NPTX2 expression in DRG neurons contributes to the facilitation of glutamatergic inputs onto GRPR+ neurons under chronic itch-like conditions, providing a potential therapeutic target.

Exploring the technicality of LIQUID metaphorical chunks in business discourse

liquid metaphors, usually used to conceptualize core concepts in economics, tend to be realized linguistically to be chunks or multi-word expressions in form (such as cash flow) and to be more or less technical in meaning. Yet few studies have been conducted on how far liquid metaphorical chunks in business discourse, consisting of a word from the source domain liquid and a word in the target domain related to business, are technical and what their technicality is associated with. This study aims to explore the association between their technicality and frequency, collocational strength, concreteness asymmetry, and construction type, using corpus analysis, multinomial logistic regression and chi-square tests. Results show that their technicality is significantly correlated with their frequency, collocational strength, concreteness asymmetry, and construction type. liquid metaphorical chunks with low frequencies, low collocational scores and high concreteness asymmetry scores are likely to be more technical than those with high frequencies, high collocational scores and low concreteness asymmetry scores. Those in the constructions of N(Source)-N(Target) and A(Source)-NP(Target) are likely to be more technical than others. The findings may shed light on how far learners and practitioners grasp technical vocabulary and metaphorical chunks in business communication.

MAGINARY OR EXPRESSIVE: XXI CENTURY ARCHITECTURE IN THE WORKS OF EXCELLENT MASTERS

The article deals with the theme of the interaction of "expressiveness" and "pictoriality" in the work of the masters of architecture of the XXI century. Architects' methods of work with such concepts as "imagery" and "expressiveness" became the cornerstone in understanding the concept of "modern" in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The architecture of the twentieth century in the leading countries of Europe, the USA, then the USSR, trying to keep pace with scientific discoveries and technical capabilities, created a number of rationalist avant-garde trends, which later merged into modernism (international style), gradually abandoning decor and imagery in buildings. The architects of the late 19th and early 20th centuries urged to look for means of forming a new architecture without decor and ornaments. The architecture of rationalism, and then modernism, abandoned figurativeness in an effort to express the content of modernity. This approach has led to both practical and theoretical problems. Architecture as an art form began to “speak” with the user in a different language, instead of historically proven decorative and pictorial techniques, its language became an expression of abstract forms and dynamic solutions. Looking at the works of outstanding contemporary masters, the question arises what means and techniques they use in the process of creating architectural objects and whether there is a place for decor in their work. Whether decor in the architecture of the 21st century has lost its function as an informative and visual means, whether it has become an expressive component of the architectural form is a question that will be considered in the article using the examples of famous world-class architects, and the works of Ukrainian architects will also be involved. The article also discusses modern methods of work of architects with the form.

Dia1 coordinates differentiation and cell sorting in a stratified epithelium.

Although implicated in adhesion, only a few studies address how the actin assembly factors guide cell positioning in multicellular tissues. The formin, Dia1, localizes to the proliferative basal layer of the epidermis. In organotypic cultures, Dia1 depletion reduced basal cell density and resulted in stratified tissues with disorganized differentiation and proliferative markers. Since crowding induces differentiation in epidermal tissues, we hypothesized that Dia1 is essential to reach densities amenable to differentiation before or during stratification. Consistent with this, forced crowding of Dia1-deficient cells rescued transcriptional abnormalities. We find Dia1 promotes rapid growth of lateral cell-cell adhesions, necessary for the construction of a highly crowded monolayer. In aggregation assays, cells sorted into distinct layers based on Dia1 expression status. These results suggest that as basal cells proliferate, reintegration and packing of Dia1-positive daughter cells is favored, whereas Dia1-negative cells tend to delaminate to a suprabasal compartment. This work elucidates the role of formin expression patterns in constructing distinct cellular domains within stratified epithelia.

The role of membrane and circulating forms of ACE 2 in pathological processes in COVID-19 infection

The review analyzes milestone information about the function and pathogenic significance of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is involved in the development of diseases such as hypertension, malabsorption of certain amino acids in the intestine, and a new type of pneumonia COVID-19 caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus. Based on the latest literary sources, an assessment is made of the role of differential expression of receptor and soluble forms of this protein in the functioning of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, as well as the mechanisms of ACE2 participation in the sequential chemical conversion of angiotensin II and its effect on the function of the cardiovascular system. The role of ACE2 in the development of inflammatory processes in the intestine and its effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota are also discussed. In addition, the review presents most general data on the proteolytic activation of the S-glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its participation, together with ACE2, in the process of virus introduction into the host cell. In conclusion, the hypothesis about autoimmune complications of COVID-19 associated with the formation of the S-glycoproteinACE2 immune complex and the production of autoantibodies is considered.

Complex Multisnapshot Sparse Bayesian Learning for Offgrid DOA Estimation

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation has recently been developed based on sparse signal reconstruction (SSR). Sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) is a typical method of SSR. In SBL, the two-layer hierarchical model in Gaussian scale mixtures (GSMs) has been used to model sparsity-inducing priors. However, this model is mainly applied to real-valued signal models. In order to apply SBL to complex-valued signal models, a general class of sparsity-inducing priors is proposed for complex-valued signal models by complex Gaussian scale mixtures (CGSMs), and the special cases correspond to complex versions of several classical priors are provided, which is helpful to analyze the connections with different modeling methods. In addition, the expression of the SBL form of the real- and complex-valued model is unified by parameter values, which makes it possible to generalize and improve the properties of the SBL methods. Finally, the SBL complex-valued form is applied to the offgrid DOA estimation complex-valued model, and the performance between different sparsity-inducing priors is compared. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively process complex-valued signal models and has lower algorithm complexity.

PTEN: Sumoylation Function is the Key to the Maintenance of Genomic Stability of Cell

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a tumor suppressor protein with dual phosphatase activity, is found to be frequently mutated in various cancers. PTEN is post-translationally modulated at various amino acid residues which are crucial for sub-cellular localization as well as its catalytic functions rendering genomic stability. Recent reports suggest that PTEN also acts as a DNA repair protein. But how post-translational modulation of PTEN affects cytological damage and aneuploidy is not studied in detail. Here, we focus on the role of sumoylation of PTEN in context with DNA damage induced cytological damage like micronucleus (MNi), nuclear bud (NB), and nuclear bridge formation. Our data suggest that wild type PTEN but not sumo-dead PTEN significantly reduces cytological damage in PTEN mutant PC3 cells. In case of sumo-dead PTEN, the cytological parameters are increased during 24[Formula: see text]h recovery time point after DNA damage. Next, we measured the effectiveness of the sumo-dead (PTEN-K254R) mutant on aneuploidy, where we found that sumoylation is essential for maintaining chromosome number. As chromosome number variation in daughter cell is due to multiple spindle pole formation, we qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the [Formula: see text] tubulin pole formation in PTEN-K254R clone transfected cells. We found aberrant pole formation is significantly increased in PTEN-K254R transfected cells compared to wild-type PTEN. Further depletion of sumoylation activity of PTEN increases the expression of phosphorylated form of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) (T288) and PLK1 (T210) proteins with or without nocodazole, a microtubule depolymerizing agent compared to cells expressing wild-type PTEN. Thus, sumoylation of PTEN is essential for maintaining genomic stability.

Waves guided by metasurfaces with non-local impedance boundary conditions

Non-local impedance boundary conditions (IBCs), which consider the spatial dispersion of impedance, simulate material and surface effects in scattering and propagation. These non-local IBCs are often used to describe various metasurfaces. The use of non-local IBCs leads to some problems and contradictions, limiting the areas of their application. In this article, we demonstrate that eigenmodes in a parallel-plate waveguide with non-local IBCs are non-orthogonal. To restore the orthogonality of the waveguide’s eigenmodes, we derive equations for calculating active power flowing along a surface with non-local IBCs. An unambiguous relationship between impedance spatial dispersion and the active power is demonstrated. We also consider the problem of excitation of the parallel-plate waveguide with non-local IBCs. We show that the use of the eigenmode expansion method leads to incorrect results, which can be corrected by an expression of the Lorentz form obtained in this article.

Mapping the expression of an ANK3 isoform associated with bipolar disorder in the human brain

The gene ankyrin-3 (ANK3) has been consistently associated with bipolar disorder (BD) in several genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The exact molecular mechanisms underlying this genetic association remain unknown. The discovery of a loss-of-function variant (rs41283526*G) in an alternatively spliced exon (ENSE00001786716) with a protective effect, suggested that elevated expression of this particular isoform could be a risk factor for developing the disorder. We developed a novel approach for measuring the expression level of all splice forms at a challenging genetic locus using a combination of droplet digital PCR and high-throughput sequencing of indexed PCR amplicons. The combined method was performed on a large collection of 568 postmortem brain samples of BD and SCZ cases and controls. We also studied the expression of the splice forms in a child-development cohort of 41 healthy males. We found that our approach can quantify the splice forms in brain samples, although with less precision than ddPCR. We detected highly significant differences in expression of splice forms and transcription start sites between brain regions, notably with higher expression of the BD-associated isoform in the corpus callosum compared to frontal tissue (mean fold change = 1.80, p < 1e-4). Although the patients in our sample expressed the BD-associated splice form at a similar level to controls, adolescents in our child-development cohort had a clearly higher expression level than younger children (mean fold change = 1.97, p = 5e-3). These results suggest that this ANK3 splice form may play a role in the myelin maturation of the human brain.