Vol. 113, No. 9 PerspectivesOpen AccessIndoor- and Outdoor-Generated Particles: Koenig et al. Respondis accompanied byIndoor- and Outdoor-Generated Particles and Children with Asthma Jane Koenig, Ryan Allen, Tim Larson, and Sally Liu Jane Koenig University of Washington Seattle, Washington, E-mail: Search for more papers by this author Email the corresponding author at [email protected] , Ryan Allen University of Washington Seattle, Washington, E-mail: Search for more papers by this author Email the corresponding author at [email protected] , Tim Larson University of Washington Seattle, Washington, E-mail: Search for more papers by this author Email the corresponding author at [email protected] , and Sally Liu University of Washington Seattle, Washington, E-mail: Search for more papers by this author Email the corresponding author at [email protected] Published:1 September 2005https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.113-a581bCited by:1AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit We appreciate Moshammer’s comments and his interest in our research. We have several points to raise in reply.In our article (Koenig et al. 2005), we stated that indoor sources are known to affect airway inflammation. We recognized that indoor sources vary greatly and that 19 homes may not provide a sufficient sample size to allow for a robust association. It is true that the children in our study spent substantial time away from home. We now have additional data from a panel of 16 adults (average age of 75 years) who did not commute or leave home regularly; in these adults we found the same coefficient with eNO (exhaled nitric oxide) versus outdoor PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) as in the research in question (Jansen et al. 2004). In addition, Ebelt et al. (2005) found lung function decrements only with ambient particles in a group of non-smoking 54- to 86-year-old adults. These results provide additional evidence of an ambient-only pulmonary effect among individuals who spent relatively little time away from home.Regarding smoking status, one inclusionary criterion for our study was to be a non-smoker and live with nonsmokers; thus smoking is not an important indoor source of particles in these residences. Children in the Seattle school district do not go home for lunch. However, it is true that our exhaled breath samples were taken 1–2 hr after the commute home (Liu et al. 2003). On average, the time between morning commute and eNO collection was 9 hr; between afternoon commute and breath collection was about 2 hr. We are now looking at the short-term lag structure. Using a polynomial distributed lag model, we found that PM2.5 was associated with the eNO for up to 10–12 hr before the eNO measurement (Mar et al., in press).ReferencesEbelt ST, Wilson WE, Brauer M. 2005. Exposure to ambient and nonambient components of particulate matter: a comparison of health effects. Epidemiology 16:396-40515824557. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarJansen K, Koenig JQ, Larson TV, Fields C, Mar TF, Stewart Jet al.. 2004. Nitric oxide in subjects with respiratory disease is associated with PM2.5 and black carbon in Seattle [Abstract]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169:A282. Google ScholarKoenig JQ, Mar TF, Allen RW, Jansen K, Lumley T, Sullivan JHet al.. 2005. Pulmonary effects of indoor- and outdoor-generated particles in children with asthma. Environ Health Perspect 113:499-50315811822. Link, Google ScholarLiu L-JS, Box M, Kalman D, Kaufman J, Koenig J, Larson Tet al.. 2003. Exposure assessment of particulate matter for susceptible populations in Seattle, WA. Environ Health Perspect 111:909-91812782491. Link, Google ScholarMar TF, Jansen K, Shepherd K, Lumley T, Larson TV, Koenig JQ In press. Exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma and short term PM exposure in Seattle. Environ Health Perspect. Google ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited by Samsonova M (2008) Nanomedicine: current approach to diagnosis and treatment of diseases and safety issues, PULMONOLOGIYA, 10.18093/0869-0189-2008-0-5-5-13:5, (5-13) Related articlesIndoor- and Outdoor-Generated Particles and Children with Asthma1 September 2005Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 113, No. 9 September 2005Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 September 2005Published in print1 September 2005 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.