Export Of Grain Research Articles

Multidimenzionalna priroda rizika u kontekstu rata u Ukrajini

This research has focused on the analysis of the international consequences of the aggravated and frustrated exports of agricultural products from Ukraine due to war events, as well as other risks associated with them. Despite the existence of the international acts that seek to, at least partially, remove uncertainties regarding the prospects for the export of grain and other crops (such as the Istanbul Initiative under the auspices of the United Nations), the number of Ukrainian grain exports have significantly decreased compared to 2021. The problem mentioned in this Article is analyzed from the perspective of the risks associated with the state of war, including the lack of interest of many insurers to consider doing business in export insurance under such circumstances. In this regard, several phenomena have been researched, such as the problem of high premiums in the context of war and political risks of civil commotions and famine, which have already occurred in various parts of the world. It is considered that the problem of aggravated or frustrated export of the Ukrainian grains represents a classical geopolitical risk. Bearing this in mind, in the context of the continuing inland, air and marine war in Ukraine, the restrictive measures against Russia and the significant international dimension of the conflict, as well as the inability of governments to guarantee the security of exports, it seems that the business of insurers with regard to covering the Ukrainian grain exports will continue to be burdened with multiple challenges.

Որքանո՞վ է երաշխավորված ցորենի անհրաժեշտ քանակությամբ ներմուծումը Հայաստան / How Guaranteed is Wheat Import in the Required Quantity to Armenia?

The main problem of food security in Armenia is to provide the population with bread and bakery products in sufficient quantity and quality. This problem has always remained pertinent due to Armenia’s limited self-sufficiency in grain production. At present, the Russian Federation is the only exporter of grain to Armenia. Of course, such a monopoly position presents inherent risks, but the geopolitical position of Armenia and the development trends of interstate economic and political ties show that the main source of filling the deficit in demand for wheat today and in the near future is imports from the Russian Federation. Therefore, it is necessary to treat trade and economic relations with the Russian Federation and the EAEU with respect and wisdom, while drawing lessons from historical experiences. This paper highlights the state of production and export of wheat in the Russian Federation, as well as trends in the development of trade relations with Armenia.

Improvement of organizational and economic mechanisms for ensuring grain enterprises sustainable development in the post-war period (European contexts)

The article is devoted to identifying problems in the field of organization of production, processing and export of grain, finding ways to solve them in the context of Ukraine’s accession to the EU in the post-war period. The prerequisites for increasing the effectiveness of management decisions, strengthening executive discipline and responsibility by means of control according to European models are considered. Based on the analysis of literary sources and the existing experience of grain enterprises, the characteristic features of their functioning, the toolkit for identifying the causes of their occurrence, the ways and means of their prevention are proposed and, due to this, the effectiveness of economic reforms and the efficiency of management in the war and post-war periods are determined. The implementation and improvement of the effectiveness of the specified measures is proposed due to the improvement of management levers. Solving the problem of administrative prevention of miscalculations and violations is considered in particular as one of the directions of the management efficiency increasing, development of the national economy, and generally strengthening economic security in the conditions of war in the state. It is substantiated that due to innovative factors, it is possible to ensure not only the appropriate scientific and professional level of management, the stable functioning of the national economy of Ukraine, but also the prevention of misuse which can actually make it competitive in the EU. One of the means of achieving this goal is the management of factors influencing the economic stability of the enterprise’s functioning. The main factor of stabilization and the source of increasing production resources is the effective use of existing means and the rational use of resources, the role of which is increasing in conditions of state independence, economic independence of economic structures, when the possibilities of attracting new resources are largely determined by both the existing potential and the competent policy of their rational using. The research was carried out under reformation and transformation processes in the war and post-war period.

Развитие зернового комплекса России: стратегический аспект

In recent years, Russia has increased grain production and exports in an unprecedented manner, especially in the 2022/2023 agricultural year. Despite the huge potential demand for grain, according to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the profitability of grain production due to Western sanctions decreased in 2022 compared to 2021 almost twice. In order to increase the economic efficiency of grain production and processing, the article examines the dynamics of the implementation of the «Long-term strategy for the development of the grain complex of the Russian Federation until 2035» (hereinafter Strategy-2035), its external environment, the main indicators of the world grain market and the leading grain-producing regions of the country, the global systemic crisis. A set of measures to improve efficiency and competitiveness is proposed based on the consistent implementation of the Strategy-2035, which provides for the creation of grain clusters: the formation of a system of grain clusters will solve a complex of problems of the development of grain farming (from production to export of grain and its processed products). Creating clusters by trial and error, without having a target model of an effective cluster, is very expensive. It is necessary to design clusters based on their adaptive model with predefined efficiency properties, the presence of a set of positive feedbacks.

Wheat supply logistics in wartime in Ukraine

The year 2022 was marked for the world as the year of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. The war caused considerable damage, not only to the Ukrainian economy, but also disrupted global economic relations. The agricultural sector was especially affected as agricultural enterprises cannot transfer their capacity to other, safer regions, like other sector enterprises, to conduct their activities. A significant part of the grain harvest was lost due to the war, so taking into account that Ukraine is one of the main exporters of grain, many countries did not receive the ordered deliveries. Among grains, in terms of value, wheat ranks third after corn and rice. Wheat is used not only for consumption but is also exported as seeds. Obstacles to harvesting, transportation, and export of wheat have become an extremely urgent issue for countries that are very dependent on the supplies of Ukrainian wheat. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of the Ukrainian wheat supply system in war conditions for groups of importing countries in terms of the volume and stability of supplies, to ensure food security. The ABC-XYZ analysis was used while conducting the study. This method is based on the use of statistical data on the volume of Ukrainian wheat supplies to other countries. According to this method, all countries are grouped in terms of their order volume and stability. This approach indicates the countries that are strategically important for Ukraine as a wheat exporter. As the results of the analysis show, at the beginning of the war, the behaviours of the wheat-importing countries changed. If they could previously diversify the wheat supply channels, choosing the most profitable channels for themselves, since 2022, many countries have cancelled supplies of wheat from the Russian Federation and have become more dependent on other producers. In addition, unfavourable weather conditions and the desire of powerful wheat producers to create additional stocks of wheat for their own needs have been added. It was found that such countries as Egypt, Indonesia, Morocco, Yemen, Tunisia, Lebanon, and Libya are most dependent on Ukrainian wheat and have positive previous experiences of cooperation with Ukraine. The presented logistics model of wheat supply can be adapted to new changes, but the ultimate goal of its implementation should be to indicate conditions to ensure global food security.

FOOD PROBLEM OF THE EASTERN REGION OF UKRAINE CAUSED BY THE WAR

The article deals with the scientifically substantiated analyses of the food problem of the eastern region of Ukraine based on its essential importance for the world problem of avoiding hunger. Taking into account the fact that the potential of external production exceeds the needs of the domestic market it is necessary to conduct a research of solving food problems when planning the development of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy..
 This article considers such analytical issues estimating that Ukraine has been among the top five exporters of grain and legume resources for many years. Ukraine is one of the main countries that contributes to the agricultural sector of the world economy. The activities of future specialists, when dealing with the food problem, depend on the content and nature of the knowledge that not only the coronavirus pandemic, but also armed conflicts in most of the specified countries and climate change, several years of drought contributed to problems with agricultural production in the region.
 The general provisions on analysis of various options for solving this problem are given and it is estimated that the analytical approach is the most optimal, since it allows you to build a diagram for comparing percentage of the most popular agricultural crops in the sown areas. It is advisable to consider the process of selecting most of the data that have been collected before the invasion. This research paper reveals the fact that much of the concern is related to shortages in the supply of staple crops such as wheat, corn and oilseeds, which could rise up prices. The invasion also led to higher prices for fuel and related fertilizers, leading to further food shortages and higher prices. The rise in wheat prices resulting from the conflict has become a problem for the countries, heavily dependent on Russian and Ukrainian wheat exports, and raised fears of social protest.
 The article analyzes economists’ views on the process of solving the food problems.It should be noted that these main issues will affect further world market prices and inflation will rise. Due to invasion, the US Department of Agriculture published a forecast for the export of grain products from Ukraine. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations published information on the growth of the grain price index. Practical recommendations are provided for solving the problems.
 The research has been developed to estimate that Ukraine is a leading country in the agricultural sector of the economy, which supplies food to the EU, Africa and India. Due to Russia's invasion into Ukrainian lands, many states may suffer from hunger and if the full-scale intervention into Ukraine is not stopped, then the world will face a food crisis.

Необходимость развития экспортно-ориентированной транспортно-логистической инфраструктуры рынка зерна и продуктов его переработки в Сибирском федеральном округе

The issues of the development of export-oriented transport and logistics infrastructure of the grain market and its processed products are particularly relevant and significant in the context of the need to develop interstate relations. This issue is of particular relevance in the Siberian Federal District, as a region - the largest producer of grain and grain products and having an unfavorable economic and geographical position relative to the main markets for Russian grain products. The article presents the main indicators of grain exports of the Siberian Federal District in dynamics for 2017-2021 in value and in kind, and identifies the largest grain exporters, holdings in the provision of transport and logistics services. The full list of importing countries of Siberian grain is presented. The authors have identified the reasons that determine the low share of the district in Russian grain exports. The volumes of export rail transportation for 2017-2021 from the main grain–producing regions of the district are presented. The authors identified the main problems hindering the export of grain and its processed products from the Siberian Federal District and the main signs of a well-developed export-oriented transport and logistics infrastructure. The study made it possible to identify the main transport and logistics obstacles hindering the development of the grain market and its processed products in the Siberian Federal District and to develop proposals for their elimination.

Food Corridor: Türkiye’s Successful Role as Mediator

Türkiye’s latest success, in bringing the warring sides of Ukraine and Russia to an agreement on the export of grain out of Ukraine’s ports, is due to Ankara’s long time rational strategy of having access to both capitals by keeping the dialog open even during times of conflict. At last, the newly signed grain deal is going to be effective in helping to avert the anticipated worldwide food shortages. This commentary aims to understand the details of this grain deal by focusing first on the Turkish diplomacy that has been on track before and during the Ukraine war, with the Russian and Ukrainian governments.

The evolution of international grain trade pattern based on complex network and entropy

Grain is the most basic material condition for human survival and development, and the structure of grain import and export trade has seriously affected national grain security. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze the evolution of international grain (maize, wheat, rice) trade patterns from 1987 to 2019 based on a complex network and entropy methods, and provide some suggestions and references for relevant countries. We measure the ranking of countries by applying various indicators from complex networks to quantify the importance of nodes in international trade networks. Then, we analyze the evolution of trade scale and community structure in different regions. Finally, we analyze the weight structure of the whole network through entropy, revealing the evolution characteristics and mechanism of the system more comprehensively. The results first show that the international grains trade network (IGTN) satisfies the scale-free properties and that global trade volumes are increasing year by year. The distribution of trade volumes in the IGTN follows the 80/20 rule, with less than 20[Formula: see text] of countries accounting for more than 80[Formula: see text] of global trade volumes. Second, countries in the Asian region have gradually increased their position in the grain trade network, while the position of countries in North and South America has declined. Third, the heterogeneity of the topology and weight structure of the international grain trade network is weakened, and the status of hub countries in the IGTN is reduced. The importance gap of nodal connections is narrowing, showing the trend of multilateralization of global trade. Fourth, the world grain export market is highly concentrated. The USA, Canada, Brazil, Argentina and Russia are the major exporters of grain.

Evolution of the economy of Goiás under the Input-Output Matrix analysis

The objective of this study is to carry out a sectoral comparison of the economy of Goiás between the years 2011 and 2015, based on the Multiregional Input-Output Matrix (MRIO). Specifically, we observe the evolution of the field of influence indicators and backward and forward linkages of 22 aggregated sectors. The study fills an important gap: there were no studies in the literature with the present scope for Goiás, which is an important Brazilian player of agribusiness, a major producer and exporter of grains and animal protein. The results showed that the state has few key sectors in its economy, with low linkages among them. So far, there was no significant structural change in the analyzed period.

Rationale for the need to use blockchain technology to record and control operations for the export of grain (the example of Ukraine)

Despite the steady export of Ukrainian grain growth, the net profit from its sales does not increase, and most times, even falls. That is why it became necessary to find out the reasons for the current situation and find ways out of it. The most common method for solving such problems in the modern world is the implementation of blockchain and related technologies (smart contracts, cryptocurrencies, etc.). This article is devoted to studying the economic need for the use of blockchain technologies to monitor grain for export in Ukraine and the analysis of foreign experience blockchain implementation to agricultural supply chains to adapt the best practices to Ukrainian realities. As a result of a theoretical study, the article identified problems in Ukrainian grain export, analyzed the results of using blockchain to solve similar problems in foreign countries, and also identified ways to use world experience in this area. In addition, the authors offered practical recommendations for changing and complementing the existing technological and logistic stages of grain export in Ukraine. It was also found that blockchain technologies, because of their properties such as decentralized control, security, traceability, and control of transactions, could solve most of the problems that arise in the grain supply chain from grower to end consumer. The authors have proposed a generalized multilayer system that includes a "Data input layer", a "Data store layer", and a "User's layer", which most fully considers the peculiarities of agriculture in Ukraine. However, the question of these technologies introducing cost and the economic feasibility of their use for farms of various sizes remains is still unclear, and will be considered by the authors in their following works.

The evolutionary relationship between bere barley and other types of cultivated barley

We used genotyping-by-sequencing to investigate the evolutionary history of bere, the oldest barley variety still cultivated in Britain and possibly in all of Europe. With a panel of 203 wild and 401 cultivated barley accessions, including 35 samples identified as bere, we obtained filtered datasets comprising up to 1,946,469 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The beres formed two genetically-distinct groups, the larger of which included beres from Orkney and the Scottish Western Isles, as well as varieties not identified as bere from the Faroe Islands. This group of beres was distinct from other British barleys, but had a close genetic affiliation with Scandinavian accessions. Although the data were partly compatible with the traditional view that bere was introduced to Scotland by the Vikings during the eighth century AD, the evidence as whole suggested that the bere and Scandinavian barleys are sister groups descended from a more distant common progenitor, possibly dating to the Bronze Age when hulled barleys first become common in northern Europe. More recently, there has been gene flow from these beres into Polish barleys, possibly following export of grain to the Baltic region during periods when Orkney was under Norwegian or Danish rule. A second, smaller group of beres, which included a traditional Welsh variety, was genetically distinct from the main group and probably represents a more recent introduction of barley from central Europe. Our results emphasize the uniqueness of bere barley and its importance as a heritage crop and a potential source of germplasm for breeding programmes.

THE IMPACT OF RUSSIA’S SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION IN UKRAINE ON THE ARAB WORLD

In this article, the author considers the Arab reaction to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and studies the economic consequences of these events. In the course of his work, the author separates politics and economics and also divides the Arab countries into several groups. In the political aspect, the Arab countries are divided into allies loyal to Russia, those states that want to sit on two chairs and countries that want to distance themselves as much as possible from the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The study revealed that Russia has few loyal allies in the Arab East and most countries try to maintain neutrality in order to maintain ties with all participants in the international system. In the economic sphere, the author also sees three groups, but he divides them in a different way. The article highlights rich countries, a state with a weak economy and prone to crisis, as well as Arab countries whose crisis has been aggravated by cattle since the beginning of this conflict. The scientific article reflects that the consequences of the embargo on the export of grain from Moscow and Kyiv created an extremely negative situation in North Africa and the Middle East, from which many countries are actually facing a threat to food security and an increase in the number of hungry people. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that this conflict is extremely unfavorable for the Arab East. In fact, in the interests of the country of the Arab East, the peaceful coexistence of Russia and the European continent would not force individual countries to take sides and become someone’s enemy.

ПІДПИСАННЯ ТРИСТОРОННЬОЇ ЗЕРНОВОЇ УГОДИ ЯК РОЗВ'ЯЗАННЯ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ ПРОБЛЕМ АГРОПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ

The study evaluates the effects of the “grain agreement” to unblock grain exports during Russian aggression. The paper starts with an analysis of the existing export potential before the start of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine. Wheat exports accounted for 12% of all world exports, barley accounted for 15–20%, and sunflower oil was over 50% of world exports. Seaport international shipping provided export of 5–6 million tons per month. In particular, the ports of Mykolaiv, Odesa, and Chornomorsk in 2021 ensured the transportation of 49.5 million grain out of 51,2 million tons. The structure of the export of grain crops from Ukraine to the countries of the world testified that the export of grain to Asia and Africa was 50–80%, and in the countries of Europe and the European Union, this indicator (except for Ireland) was 20–50%. To unblock three Black Sea ports in the south of Ukraine – “Odesa”, “Pivdennyy”, “Chornomorsk”, the document “Initiative for the safe transportation of grain and food products from Ukrainian ports”, or “grain agreement” was signed with the participation of official representatives of Ukraine, Turkey, and the UN, on July 22, 2022, in Istanbul. Along with the significant advantages of the “grain agreement”, many Ukrainian farmers believe that all the positive aspects of unblocking the export of grain by sea can be leveled already next year. Export volumes in 2023 may decrease by another third, and the reason here is not military action but the lack of farmers ready to sow and harvest grain. After all, Ukraine’s agricultural business is currently on the verge of destruction. And it is not only that many have to plant and harvest, literally, under shells. The main problem is that it became practically impossible to sell the harvest, and even more so to trade profitably, in the war conditions. Harvest storage is a serious problem because many elevators are either filled with last year’s leftovers or are in temporarily occupied territories. A broad conclusion is made regarding the usefulness of the “grain agreement” for Ukraine in terms of the fact that it has a significant economic effect and also confirms that such an agreement has demonstrated to the whole world that Ukraine is a reliable partner that, even in wartime, is trying to save the world from hunger.

ЕКСПОРТНО-ІМПОРТНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ЗЕРНОПРОДУКТОВОГО ПІДКОМПЛЕКСУ АПК

The article analyzes the export-import potential of the grain product sub-complex of the agro-industrial complex. A positive trend in the development of Ukraine's international trade and economic relations has been established, and the strengthening of the EU country's role in bilateral trade of products of the grain sub-complex, the share of which is increasing not only in exports but also in imports, has been substantiated. An analysis of the export of cereals, legumes (with products of their processing), and flour from Ukraine was carried out. In the process of writing the article, various general scientific and unique research methods were applied: economic analysis and comparison for the study of parts of individual types of products of the product subcommittee of the agricultural industry in Ukraine in export and import from EU countries; graphic method - for a visual representation of the results of data analysis of export and import activity; abstract-logical method - for theoretical generalizations and formation of conclusions; a process of analogies, tabular - for substantiation of the leading importer countries of domestic grain, economic and statistical - search and analysis of export and import activity of Ukraine during the war period. It is substantiated that during the last period, there was a strategic reorientation of the domestic export of grain and its processing products from the markets of the CIS countries and the Russian Federation to the needs of the countries of Asia and the European Union. It has been established that the preponderance of export volumes of products of the grain product sub-complex of the agro-industrial complex over the books of its volume is significant, which partially proves the import of the proposed hypothesis. The Russian-Ukrainian war stimulated problems with the stability of logistics chains that ensured the export of the grain product sub-complex, which in turn led to increased prices for agricultural products. It has been proven that the blockade of Ukrainian ports in the Black Sea makes trade over such a long distance somewhat problematic. The results of this study are of interest to higher education institutions seeking to improve agricultural supply chains; practices of the farm sector, which are aimed at the optimal cost of transportation of agricultural products. The author's research emphasizes the importance of the export-import potential of the products of the grain product sub-complex. It ensures the systematization of the problem of food supply chains.

Current station and trends in the development of pig breeding in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the topic of pig farming in Ukraine, import and export of products, various statistical data on the products of countries with which Ukraine cooperates are presented. The topic of developing the potential of pig farming in general was developed. The topic of ASF and its consequences is revealed. Comments from various analysts are provided. Graphs, charts and tables are presented on the export and import of pork, there are clarifications on specific cooperating countries. Information is provided regarding rational investment in pig farming, its prospects; numbers that predict investment status. Ukraine has the material and technical grounds for the development of pig farming and maintaining a sufficiently high level of this industry in the country, even during martial law. It is even possible to develop a program of more profitable activities in this area. It is advisable to attract foreign investments for the organization of operation. We believe that it is necessary to develop a program, the goal of which will be the availability of pork for all segments of the population of Ukraine in the trade network. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to change the vector of international trade activity — to reduce the export of grain and increase the export of pork. Also, identify such an export niche that will ensure more efficient activity of pig farms. JEL Classification: А10, R11, R20

УКРАЇНА НА СВІТОВОМУ РИНКУ ОЛІЙНИХ КУЛЬТУР: ПОЗИЦІЇ ТА ПРОГНОЗИ

The volumes and dynamics of foreign trade in oilseeds of Ukraine were investigated, the export of the main commodity groups of oilseeds – rapeseed, soybeans and sunflower seeds was characterized. The authors found that in the geographical structure of exports of oilseeds of Ukraine the leading positions belong to the countries of Europe and Asia, in imports – the countries of America, Europe and Asia. According to the share of Ukraine's exports in world exports in 2020 Ukraine had the second position in the world market of rapeseed, the seventh – in the world market of soybeans and the fifteenth position – in the market of sunflower seeds and flax seeds. More than half of the total exports of oilseeds of Ukraine were rapeseed, more than a third – soybeans. Exports of sunflower seeds are replaced by exports of sunflower oil and are limited by export duties supplied to EU countries. The main importers of rapeseed were Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, France, soybeans – Turkey, Belarus, the Netherlands, Greece, Italy, sunflower seeds – Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia, the Netherlands, Germany. Exports of rapeseed increased during 2016–2020, while soybeans and sunflower seeds decreased. Export prices for rapeseed and soybeans were increased, for sunflower seeds – was fall. According to the results of the PEST analysis political, economic, social and technological factors influencing the export of oilseeds were identified. With the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war, Ukraine's position on the world market of oilseeds will deteriorate significantly due to the reduction of sown areas, shortage of seeds, fertilizers, fuels and lubricants. Military actions in some regions of Ukraine may reduce the yield of oilseeds in 2022 by 1.7–1.9 times. The destruction of export logistics schemes through the seaports of the Black and Azov Seas has blocked the export of grain and oilseeds. A perspective direction of supply and keeping of quality characteristics of goods in the export of oilseeds is the organization of container traffic and intermodal routes in the EU.

THE ROLE OF TURKIYE IN THE BLACK SEA AND THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR: A SHORT OVERVIEW

After the end of the Cold War, the new conjuncture that appeared in the region of the Black Sea turned into an important place on the international scene. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Turkish diplomacy played a significant role in this region and international relations based on its new ‘active neutrality’ strategy. Turkiye's extensive efforts at a ceasefire through implementing the mediatory role between Russia and Ukraine were its more significant diplomatic endeavors throughout the war. Simultaneously, one of the more critical segments that marked the Ukrainian resistance against invasion is the success of the Turkish armed drone Bayraktar TB2. Turkiye plays a vital role in the so-called ‘grain corridor’ function with the aim of activization of Ukrainian export of grain and mitigating the world’s grain crises.

Агропродовольственный экспорт России до 2030 г.: прогноз на основе модели частичного равновесия

Based on the applied economic and mathematical partial equilibrium model, the article estimates the volume of Russian exports of basic agri-food products until 2030. The results of simulation indicate a more dynamic increase in exports compared to the agricultural output. At the same time, grain and sunfl ower oil will remain the main products of Russian agrifood exports. Among the agri-food products presented in the study, sugar and milk exports will decline. The reduction in sugar exports is mainly due to a decrease in sugar production, while milk exports are infl uenced by growing domestic demand. In general, the supply of domestic products to Russian consumers is relatively stable, and the share of exports in agri-food products under certain conditions may increase from 19.6% in 2019 to 24.6% in 2030. Agri-food output is growing under the infl uence of technological progress, increasing consumer expenditures and export-stimulating measures by 5.6–6.5% compared to 2019, while measures to restrict the exports of grain and sunfl ower oil limit the growth of agri-food output to 0.6–0.8%.In this regard, the development of Russia’s agri-food sector is largely determined by the dynamics of real incomes of the population and the need to gradually abandon the application of export restriction measures.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ МЕРЫ ПО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЮ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНО-ОТРАСЛЕВОГО РАЗДЕЛЕНИЯ ТРУДА В АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ

Given the complexity of the current socio-economic situation in geostrategic territories, especially with the attraction of investments in agriculture, it is advisable to use measures that are quite feasible in practice, relatively low-cost and quickly recouped. First of all, they should include the improvement of the territorial-sectoral division of labor in agro-industrial production, which is the core of its development. In this complex and dynamic process, the state should play a key role, for which it is necessary to develop and implement in practice a strategy and scheme for the development and placement of agro-industrial production, on the basis of which it is advisable to form large-scale specialized zones for the production of certain types of agricultural products. It is necessary to develop a system of organizational and economic measures to improve the territorial and sectoral division of labor in agro-industrial production, linking it with the subprograms, directions and main activities of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets. Its mandatory regulation is necessary, which should be carried out both by the state and directly by the participants of a particular product segment of the agro-food market. The main purpose of such regulation should be to facilitate the concentration of production of certain types of agricultural products primarily in the most favorable natural conditions and areas based on the use of the advantages of the territorial-sectoral division of labor in agro-industrial production. In modern conditions, almost no Russian region is able to independently meet the needs of its population with a full range of food, even according to the norms of rational nutrition, although many regions have a fairly high degree of specialization of production for certain types of agricultural products. The interregional exchange that has developed in recent years in the country is characterized by a huge branching and scale both in the import and export of grain and its processed products, meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, eggs, which reflects the close interconnectedness and interdependence of all Russian regions on the functioning of the national agri-food market and its product segments, which is evident from the example of interregional grain supplies, taking into account its import and export. Therefore, the more deeply developed the territorial-sectoral division of labor in agro-industrial production, the more important the role of cooperation and cooperation of disconnected economic entities and regions in the process of interregional commodity exchange, the establishment of long-term food ties.