Export Programs Research Articles

Instrumento para conocer en la Aduana de Nuevo laredo tiempos del despacho aduanero electrónico

The administration of electronic customs clearance requires measuring instruments to know the times of each of the operations that comprise it, as an important factor to reduce the costs of the business sector, especially in the field of imports, whether under a definitive regime; to return abroad in the same state; for processing, transformation and repair in maquila or export programs. The objective of this article is to develop a measurement instrument that captures the feeling of the customs agents and agencies of the customs of Nuevo Laredo about the electronic customs clearance time. The sample consisted of 70 participants with a margin of error of 4.32%. The results showed a reliable measurement instrument with a total Cronbach's alpha of 0.983, and a significant association with a level 0.01 (bilateral) in the vast majority of constructs.

Repurposing public education: governmental rationality of education export in Finland through public education problematisations

ABSTRACT The Finnish government’s education export (FGEE) programme, which was initiated in 2010, seeks to promote and coordinate education as an export product. Until recently, research on the Finnish education export has focused on individual education sectors, with only passing consideration of the governmental rationality of education export. Drawing on Bacchi’s (2009) post-structural policy analysis, I use the FGEE documents as a material starting point, as ‘practical texts’ (Bacchi 2009, 34; Bacchi and Goodwin 2016, 34) to study how education export discourse problematises public education and produces a contextualised governmental rationality. Contributing to the growing body of knowledge on emerging global, national, and local public – private structures, the paper illustrates how minor policy strands such as the FGEE programme can be seen as production sites in which education practices and their governmental rationalities are constructed.

Experimental Epizotology of Low-Virulent Variants of African Swine Fever Virus

African swine fever (ASF) remains an urgent problem of pig farming in Ukraine, the solution of which is possible only on the basis of deep scientific knowledge about the specific driving forces of the epizootic in its specific nozoareal. This is necessary in order to target anti-epizootic measures on the most vulnerable link of the epizootic chain in a specific nozoareal. The aim of the work was to develop a low-budget methodological base for experimental epizootology of low-virulent ASFV variants in Ukraine, in particular, to study the mechanisms of the formation of enzootic areas, quality control of anti-epizootic measures, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the antiviral drugs against them in Ukraine. Methods. Experimental and epizootological studies in the adaptation of suckling piglets to keeping in the biosecurity-level BSL-3 for laboratory animals (Patent UA No. 133248 dated 03/25/2019) were conducted at the laboratory base of the Odesa branch of NSC «IECVM». All procedures with infectious active biological materials in the current order were carried out in the BSL-3 module, built and certified with the assistance of the US Government in UAPRI (Odesa). The ASF agent strain «IECVM/Ternopil/2017» (infectious activity 4.0—7.5lg HAdU50/cm 3) circulating in the Ternopil region in 2017—2020 was used as a test virus. The presence of low-virulence variants of the ASFV pathogen in the studied samples was determined by a bioassay on suckling piglets, followed by three consecutive passages on a stable Vero line of the baby green monkey kidney cells. The isolated ASF virus was identified according to the methods and reagents recommended by the OIE Manual. Results. Intermittent passages «by the founder’s method» of dilutions 10-1 and 10-2 of the ASF virus strain «IECVM/Ternopil/2017» on piglets (n=20) and the culture of porcine alveolar macrophages («ASFVPAM») allowed us to identify highly-, moderately-, and low-virulent variants/clones in its composition. Verifi cation by bioassay on suckling piglets (n=5) of low-virulent clones of the agent, which were stabilized in Vero cell culture («ASFVVero»), showed that after intraperitoneal infection at a dose of 4.25 lgHAdU50/cm 3, they are capable of causing only a non-lethal (within 2 weeks) viral infection with a maximum daily rectal temperature of 39.4±0.22 °C and duration of fever on average 1.6±0.14 days (5 of 5 piglets). Clones with greater virulence («ASFVPAM») under similar conditions were able to cause a lethal infection with a maximum temperature of 40.7±0.37°C and duration of fever on average 3.9±0.27 days (17 of 20 piglets). Low-virulent clones were revealed by direct immunofluorescence in pulmonary and spleen smears of clinically healthy piglets on days 14 and 17 post-infection (p.i.); their antigens were visualized in Vero cells by indirect immunoperoxidase method after 48 h p.i. at dose about 0.01 lg HAdU50/cm 3. They caused «crumbly» hemadsorption of infected Vero cells and their virions had typical for Asfarvirus view and size (210—220 nm). The obtained data served as the basis for analysis of the mechanism of rooting ASF agents in West Podillia enzootic foci, as well as for implication of the concept of low-budget quality control of anti-epizootic measures and evaluation of antiviral drugs’ activities against ASF. Conclusions. Low-cost operational procedures have been developed that allow one to use a vivarium of laboratory animals for ASF bioassay and meet principal requirements for science-based research in important aspects of experimental ASF epizootology. With their help, confirmation of the heterogeneity of the population of the ASF virus circulating in endemic foci of the Ukrainian Western Podillia was obtained (p<0.05, n=25)><0.05, n=25). The developed methodological approach is suitable for the study of fundamental issues of ASF epizootology, as well as for the quality control of anti-epizootic measures against ASF. In particular, it is advisable to use it to improve the biosecurity of agricultural export programs in Ukraine, a country that is disadvantaged by ASF.

Sociocultural adaptation and job satisfaction as mediators between cultural competence and intention to stay among Vietnamese workers in Taiwan

This study employs a moderated mediation model to investigate the role of sociocultural adaptation and job satisfaction in the relationship between cultural competence and intention to stay. It also considers the moderating function of local language proficiency and length of residence. A survey was conducted among Vietnamese migrant workers employed in Taiwan’s manufacturing industry under the labour export programme. This resulted in a valid dataset of 636 respondents, which was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings demonstrated that sociocultural adaptation and job satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between cultural competence and workers’ intention to stay. Moreover, local language proficiency and length of residence were found to substantially strengthen the positive relationship between cultural competence and sociocultural adaptation, but not to moderate the association between cultural competence and job satisfaction. Theoretically, the study contributes to the literature on psychological and behavioural management by examining how migrant workers’ job satisfaction and sociocultural adaptation are related to the association between cultural competence and intention to stay. Practically, the study addresses current concerns regarding the rate of job retention among migrant workers participating in labour export programmes. Its findings provide policymakers and employers with additional evidence to improve and effectively maintain their foreign labour force. It is recommended that both sending and receiving governments implement appropriate and effective management policies to manage the low-skilled foreign labour force.

Development status of the used car export industry

Since the launch of China's used car export program in 2019, the scale of vehicle exports has increased significantly, and the level of export facilitation has continued to improve. The number of export regions and enterprises has steadily increased, and the variety of exported vehicle models has become increasingly abundant. Overseas channels have been expanded more widely, and the used car export program has achieved great success. This paper first analyzes the overall situation of China's used car exports based on data from the Ministry of Commerce, using a comparative method. Then, the characteristics of China's used car development are expounded upon, and finally, the potential for China's used car exports is analyzed. This article provides a reference and inspiration for the development of China's used car export industry.

The design brief as a pivotal tool: A study of Centro Brasil Design’s practices to promote design

In the early stages of the design and innovation processes, stakeholders often develop a design brief. As a document gathering all design requirements, it is adopted as an agreement and a roadmap to facilitate communication throughout the project. This study expands the current literature about design brief tools by delving into the briefing process within design interventions conducted by design promotion organisations. We investigated the strategies and practices of Centro Brasil Design to nurture design among Brazilian enterprises. Particularly, we focused on its Design Export program, which aims to insert design in export-oriented businesses. Supported by the Design Quality Criteria framework, our study probed the program’s development and its design briefs, as well as the designers involved in the projects. The findings revealed how a design brief could lever the design advisory service. We further identified a new approach to briefing procedures and a design brief model for design interventions.

About russian university education export programs under sanctions

Russia is interested in attracting foreign scientists and international scientific communication. However, there are reasons hindering the development of international scientific and educational cooperation. Based on the results of the analysis of the current regulatory and methodological framework in the field of international scientific and educational cooperation and the results of the analysis of departmental statistics data of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, the article discusses the impact of the sanctions of “unfriendly countries” on the functioning of educational export programs of Russian universities and on the research activities of universities subordinate to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia.

Small and medium-sized enterprises in the conditions of crisis in Kazakhstan

The article considered trends in the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis, the key problems of the business were identified and recommendations were given to overcome them. The purpose of the study is to identify problems, substantiate and develop recommendations for the development of businesses Kazakhstan in a crisis. The scientific and practical significance of this article is the formation, based on the results of the study, of directions that contribute to the improvement of programs for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the country. The main research results in this article are the following provisions: the need to create effective tools for businesses in the real sector, especially in the regions of the country, taking into account current market trends was identified; the need to improve the quality of human resources is justified; measures are proposed to further strengthen the interaction between the state and entrepreneurship, in particular, an increase in financing for the development of export programs for businesses. The value of the conducted research is the generalization and analysis of the collected statistical information and, based on it, the identification of the main problems facing small and medium-sized enterprises in the new realities.The practical significance of the research article lies in the fact that the results and proposals can be used in the development and adjustment of programs for the development of entrepreneurship in the small and medium segment.

State export financial support of brazilian manufactured products : a microeconometric analysis

We investigate the impact of Brazilian state financing to exports – Proex, Exim and Drawback – on the performance of firms in foreign trade between 1998 and 2007. We focus on the (i) risk of abandonment of export activity; (ii) number of destinations; and (iii) export value. Through a quasi-experiment with a unique dataset of Brazilian firms entering foreign markets, we find a positive relationship between export programs and the intensive and extensive export margins, as well as with persistence in international trade, although not all three programs are effective. Supported firms had their chance to keep exporting augmented between 4% and 13%, increasing their number of destinations by up to 43% and the export value between 74% and 90%. The results suggest that financial constraints may limit the export potential of firms and highlight the importance of the government’s export promotion policies, mainly in developing countries which systematically suffer from credit market failures.

Strengthening Nigeria’s Weak Economy; Does Agricultural Exports Really Matter? Evidence from Cotton Seed Exports

Following recent weakness in Nigeria’s economy, this paper examines how to possibly strengthen the weak economy through agricultural exports particularly cotton seed exports. The paper combines data on yearly cotton seed exports in Nigeria over 46 years (1970-2015) with data on the determinants to examine the relevant variables. Co-integration approach was used in analyzing the data to examine the presence of a co-integrating relationship between the variables in the short and long run. There are two main results from the study. First, the export of cotton seed in Nigeria within the study period was low and fluctuating apart from the 70s when it was high and stable. Second, there was Co-integration relationship between cotton seed export and macroeconomic factors during the study period in Nigeria as it indicated that producers’ price, exchange rate and output are long-run determinants of cotton seed exports. The results therefore indicate that commitments to policies and programmes that can favourdeterminants of cotton seeds exports in Nigeria are calls certainly in the right direction to strengthen its weak economy. These include the provision of export incentives such as removal of stamp duties from export trade, provision of explicit export bonuses, aligning producer price with export price as well as encouraging private sector inclusion through the provision of an enabling environment for the private sector to flourish and get involved in the strengthening of the weak economy. The paper has contributed to agricultural development policy implications connected with agricultural export programs for the government, investors, exporters and farmers in Nigeria.

Сurrent trends and ways of further development of the medical tourism market in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the medical tourism market, the peculiarities of its functioning and development in modern economic conditions and the search for possible ways to adapt to the effects of the crisis. The subject of the study is the organizational and economic relations that are formed in the process of adaptation and ensuring sustainable interaction of medical tourism market participants in accordance with current trends and prospects for the transformation of recreation and tourism. The aim of the work is to develop theoretical and methodological provisions for improving the domestic market of medical tourism based on current trends in the global and national tourism industry. Achieving this goal is ensured by the following interrelated tasks: to explore current trends in the global medical tourism market; to compile socio-economic characteristics of the development of the medical tourism market in Ukraine; identify systemic problems of medical tourism market development in Ukraine; identify promising areas for modernization of the medical tourism market in the post-crisis period. The methodological basis of the research consists of a systematic and program-targeted approach, monographic, graphic, economic-statistical and heuristic methods of scientific research. The following results were obtained. The tendencies of development of the tourist branch of Ukraine are analyzed and the socio-economic characteristic of the development of the medical tourism market in Ukraine is made. Systemic problems of medical tourism market development in Ukraine are revealed. Perspective directions of modernization of the medical tourism market in the post-crisis period are determined. Conclusions. The most promising and timely areas of transformation of the medical tourism market are the introduction of new forms of tourism in the field of medical tourism in terms of restricting freedom of movement between countries and regions, as well as reducing the purchasing power of potential tourists; expanding the possibilities of medical tourism through the use of modern innovations, especially in the context of the introduction of elements of digital technologies; expanding the range of medical tourism export programs; development of partnerships with other participants in the tourism market and related industries in the context of the formation of cluster structures, expanding networking and participation in interregional and international projects.

Analisis Marjin Pemasaran Salak Pondoh di Kecamatan Turi Kabupaten Sleman

This study aims to identify the pattern of salak pondoh marketing channels, know the amount of cost, profit and marketing margin salak pondoh, analyze the factors that affect the marketing margin salak pondoh and know the level of efficiency economically from each marketing channel salak pondoh in Turi District Sleman. The basic method used in this study is descriptive and analytic method. Location of study is Turi District Sleman, because Turi Sub-district is the center of salak pondoh in Sleman District. The results showed that there are 3 (three) types of salak pondoh marketing channel. Channel I: Farmers → Wholesaler → Trader Outer City; Channel II: Farmers → Village Collector Traders → Wholesaler → Out of City Collector Trades; Channel III: Farmers → Export Collecting Traders → Mitra Turindo. The total marketing cost of marketing channels I, II, and III are Rp 720/kg, Rp 821/kg and Rp 1.101/kg. The total profit for marketing channels I, II, and III are Rp 180/kg, Rp 479/kg, and Rp 1.299/kg. The percentages of marketing margins for channels I, II, and III are 17,77%, 20,02%, and 31,58%. The factors that affect the marketing margin salak pondoh is marketing agencies. Marketing channel I is the most efficient marketing channel with marketing margin percentage value of 17,77% and farmer share value of 83,02%. Government should provide training of processing salak pondoh into snacks and farmers can register their garden to join export program.

Development of Vanilla Agribusiness and Its Export Opportunities To Support Triple Export Program (Gratitude) on Lombok Island

Vanilla is one of the agricultural export commodities that has a very high economic value. Vanilla is one of the plantation crop commodities directed to the Gratitude program or the Export Triple Movement initiated by Minister of Agriculture Syahrul Limpo in 2020, which is targeted for five years to unite the strength of all stakeholders of agricultural development. Based on the explanation of export opportunities to support the triple export program, it can be seen from management's flow and quality standards. Vanilla in Indonesia has quite a good potential and supports improvements in economic, social and cultural development. This can be seen from the increasing demand from several countries for quality and the quantity of vanilla in Indonesia yearly. And efforts to strengthen value-added vanilla exports by diversifying export products by not relying on raw materials and downstreaming vanilla processed products. The types, quantity and quality of non-oil and gas export commodities will continue to be improved. The increasingly fierce competition in foreign trade requires every country to increase the quantity and quality of its products.

ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN ERIGO STORE BRAND FASHION LOKAL INDONESIA YANG MENDUNIA

In doing business, business actors must be able to keep up with the times so that they are not left behind and remain in demand by the public, as well as marketing strategies in business that must continue to be able to expand market reach and innovate in the products they offer. One of the businesses that implements a marketing strategy by participating in the export program on the Shopee platform to optimize sales and introduce their products to the international scene is Erigo Store. The study aims to determine the strategy and marketing mix carried out by local fashion brand Erigo Store so that they could enter the international market. The main theory used is the theory of segmenting, targeting, positioning and the 4P marketing mix. The research used is a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection is done by library research or literature study. The results of this research show that the analysis shows that Erigo Store uses a promotional strategy to follow the bazaar, create an official erigo website, endorse influencers, sell through various e-commerce, advertising through billboards, promotion through TikTok, and overseas expansion.

Local Products’ Marketing Strategies to Go International: A Case Study on Erigo

Developing a product marketing strategy in order to get potential buyers and be able to compete with competitors is a very important thing for a business owner to think about. Even though the resulting product is unique and of good quality, it may not always be in demand by potential buyers. A good marketing strategy must be owned because the right marketing strategy aims to be able to introduce it to the wider community, both local and even overseas. This research model uses a qualitative approach with a document study method. The result of this research is that the CEO of Brand Erigo is very good at carrying out product marketing strategies in 2020 by expanding the reach of markets outside Indonesia through the Shopee export program. Sadad's courage to take a business capital loan and then use it with an effective product marketing strategy, then the Erigo brand successfully goes to America in 2020. This achievement certainly deserves to be an inspiration for local entrepreneurs and MSMEs who are now rising through the pandemic crisis.

The socio economic challenge to improve the productivity of brackish water aquaculture business in Aceh Tamiang Regency

There were 3,624.5 hectares of the brackish water pond in Aceh Tamiang, which can support the national shrimp export program. The problems arise due to the pond ownership matter, the source of financing, the technology used, and the institutionalization action to improve productivity. The purpose of this research is to improve brackish water pond productivity based on socio-economic aspects in the location. The survey to achieve these aims conducted from April - May 2021, in eight villages in Aceh Tamiang. Data and information were interviewed from 160 pond farmers. Simple statistics and descriptive techniques were used to analyse the data. The main findings are: 91.1 % of the traditional brackish water farmers depend on commercial seed and feed; the productivity of the brackish water pond is between 1.2 tonnes/hectares/year - 2.4 tonnes/hectares/year; the average pond ownership is between 1.1 and 3.4 hectares/farmer; 60% - 94,1% of financial funding to run business depends on their source and the rest from investor or trader. This research recommends: the brackish water farmers in all villages should be organized in one “corporate business” to improve productivity. This institution is owned by farmers based on money stock and managed by professionals.

Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): A Decade of Research Towards a Sustainable Integrated Pest Management Program.

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) also known as spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), is a pest native to Southeast Asia. In the last few decades, the pest has expanded its range to affect all major European and American fruit production regions. SWD is a highly adaptive insect that is able to disperse, survive, and flourish under a range of environmental conditions. Infestation by SWD generates both direct and indirect economic impacts through yield losses, shorter shelf life of infested fruit, and increased production costs. Fresh markets, frozen berries, and fruit export programs have been impacted by the pest due to zero tolerance for fruit infestation. As SWD control programs rely heavily on insecticides, exceedance of maximum residue levels (MRLs) has also resulted in crop rejections. The economic impact of SWD has been particularly severe for organic operations, mainly due to the limited availability of effective insecticides. Integrated pest management (IPM) of SWD could significantly reduce chemical inputs but would require substantial changes to horticultural management practices. This review evaluates the most promising methods studied as part of an IPM strategy against SWD across the world. For each of the considered techniques, the effectiveness, impact, sustainability, and stage of development are discussed.

Зовнішньоекономічна діяльність та її вплив на стан платіжного балансу України

Introduction. The payment balance is an indicator of the state and development of the national economy, systematically reflects the transactions between economic systems around the world, which allows us to assess the country’s participation in the international division of labor. It also plays an important role in the mechanism of currency regulation. Control of the payment balance in the context of implementing measures to eliminate imbalances in the economy, implementing a balanced foreign economic, monetary, exchange rate policy, establishing economically sound amounts of gold and foreign exchange reserves, developing adaptive mechanisms to attract external financing are extremely important. The problem and its solution should become the main direction of state policy of Ukraine. Purpose. The aim of this article is to study the impact of the real state of foreign economic activity on the payment balance of Ukraine and analysis of the reviewed impact indicators. Results. The article considers the concepts and individual indicators of the payment balance of Ukraine and shows the components of the payments balance. The main indicators of foreign trade, including the volumes of imports and exports and their dynamics, have been reviewed in detail. The current state of Ukrainian foreign economic activity in general has been analyzed. The concept of the payment balance has been indicated and the connection between the change in the payment balance depending on the change of certain indicators of Ukraine’s foreign economic activity, which are closely interrelated, has been determined. Conclusions. The main factor that negatively affects Ukraine’s payment balance is the large balance of goods deficit. The strategy to reduce the payment balance deficit should include the following elements: taking the necessary measures to eliminate internal economic imbalances; to guarantee the provision of export credits to producers, insurance against economic and political risks, the introduction of a preferential depreciation regime for fixed assets and the provision of financial benefits and other loans in exchange for the fulfillment of specific obligations of the export program; use international legal standards to regulate the payments balance; regulation of expenditures and revenues of the state budget, the use of risk insurance instruments in the financial system; increase revenue and revenue rates to increase trademark patents, licenses, and references to scientists and technicians.

Evaluation of the export potential of the healthcare system of the Russian Federation on the example of a separate taken region

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the development of medical services exports in the Russian Federation is based on the eponymous Federal project «Development of medical services exports» of the national project «Healthcare». The Federal project is being implemented in the Russian Federation in the period 2019-2024 and is unique for two reasons. Firstly, the project has no analogues in the world: for the first time in one country, 71 regions were involved in a project related to the development of planned medical care for foreign citizens. Secondly, the main role in the project is assigned to medical organizations of state ownership. Due to the fact that the key outstanding issue of the project is to assess the export potential of the health care system of subjects of the Russian Federation, which is a Federal project, the goal of research to assess the export potential of the health care system of the Russian Federation (on the example of Tyumen oblast). A methodology for calculating the economic efficiency of the medical services export program in the region has been developed. As the criteria for evaluating the economic efficiency of testing the concept of developing the export of medical services in the above-mentioned regions, it is proposed to set certain parameters.

Assessment of Biological Role and Insight into Druggability of the Plasmodium falciparum Protease Plasmepsin V.

Upon infecting a red blood cell (RBC), the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum drastically remodels its host by exporting hundreds of proteins into the RBC cytosol. This protein export program is essential for parasite survival. Hence export-related proteins could be potential drug targets. One essential enzyme in this pathway is plasmepsin V (PMV), an aspartic protease that processes export-destined proteins in the parasite endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at the Plasmodium export element (PEXEL) motif. Despite long-standing interest in this enzyme, functional studies have been hindered by the inability of previous technologies to produce a regulatable lethal depletion of PMV. To overcome this technical barrier, we designed a system for stringent post-transcriptional regulation allowing a tightly controlled, tunable knockdown of PMV. Using this system, we found that PMV must be dramatically depleted to affect parasite growth, suggesting the parasite maintains this enzyme in substantial excess. Surprisingly, depletion of PMV arrested parasite growth immediately after RBC invasion, significantly before the death from exported protein deficit that has previously been described. The data suggest that PMV inhibitors can halt parasite growth at two distinct points in the parasite life cycle. However, overcoming the functional excess of PMV in the parasite may require inhibitor concentrations far beyond the enzyme’s IC50.