Export Planning Research Articles

Export Plan of Custom Motorcycle Deus Ex Machina from Indonesia to Japan

In this paper discussed the planning of export custom motorcycle products in the company Deus Ex Machina. in this study the data used were data about the product and the export sales history of deus ex machina in Bali. In planning this export, we determined that the products to be exported were our own style custom motorbikes, because the regulations were in effect, the products to be exported had to be in the form of spare parts, with the aim of targeting market in Japan. Keyword: Custom motorcycle, Deus ex Machina, Export, L/C, spare parts.

Quadratic effects of dynamic decision-making capability on innovation orientation and performance: Evidence from Chinese exporters

This study examines quadratic effects of three export decision-making approaches (planning, creativity and spontaneity) on innovation orientation, and the direct effect of innovation orientation on export market performance. The model, anchored in decision theory and dynamic capabilities, is tested on a sample of Chinese exporting firms using structural equation modelling. Findings indicate that while a greater proclivity to innovate is beneficial for export market performance, a more complex web of relationships is revealed between the three export decision-making approaches and innovation orientation, providing insights on the operationalization of a dynamic decision-making capability. Specifically, while an increasing level of export planning reduces an exporter’s capacity to innovate, creativity has a positive direct effect on exporters’ innovation orientation, which also benefits from extreme spontaneity in export decision-making. We discuss theoretical contributions and export managerial implications of this dynamic decision-making capability for industrial marketing management.

Export Potential and Measures to Support Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

The article presents the results of the study and the comparative analysis of the development of SMEs in the EU and RF countries. The estimation of SMEs' entrepreneurial confidence in the sphere of industrial production is given. Existing incentive mechanisms for export-oriented SMEs in the EU are considered.It is determined that support for export-oriented SMEs in Russia is aimed at overcoming export barriers, increasing the activity and the competitiveness of the exporting enterprises.It has been established that the mechanism of financial support for export-oriented SMEs and the shift from direct export support to support export-oriented production, including the development of system of concessional loans for the development of export production, similar to the EU need to be changed.This allows producers to reasonably approach their financial capabilities and effectively build export planning. Priority is targeted support for specific industrial enterprises from among SMEs having experience of export and differing in a significant level of entrepreneurial confidence.

The Impact of Managers’ Global Orientation on SME Export and Economic Performance

This study investigates the relationship between selected managers’ attitudinal and cognitive aspects, proxied through observable demographic variables, and small and medium-sized enterprises’ export and economic performance. We argue that a manager’s positive attitude, vision, and commitment towards international business reflected in his/her level of global orientation (MGO) will positively influence various dimensions of the firm’s performance. We contend further that this impact is consistent in the long term and differs according to firm size and industry. Based on a sample of 271 manufacturers between 2005 and 2014 (2710 observations), empirical findings provide overall support for our arguments, showing that MGO is positively related to firms’ export intensity, scope and speed. Accordingly, firms whose managers have a higher MGO perform a more rapid first-time foreign market entry, they export to more countries, and they sell a higher percentage of their total turnover abroad. The level of MGO is also associated with some export-marketing outcomes, namely the creation of a network of sales partners and export planning. Finally, a higher MGO is also related to increases in overall profitability, particularly for smaller firms and for the Manufacturing and wholesale industry. The paper concludes with a discussion about managerial and public policy implications.

Impactos Econômicos do Aumento das Exportações Brasileiras de Produtos Agrícolas e Agroindustriais para Diferentes Destinos

Resumo: As atividades exportadoras do agronegócio brasileiro são consideradas estratégicas para a política comercial brasileira, pois além de contribuir para o superavit comercial e para o crescimento econômico no País, essas atividades revelam um alto grau de inserção no comércio internacional, tanto pelo número de mercados tradicionais existentes quanto pela capacidade de explorar novos mercados potenciais. Nesse sentido, este trabalho analisa os prováveis efeitos de uma expansão da demanda externa por produtos agrícolas e agroindustriais em alguns mercados tradicionais e potenciais, utilizando um modelo de Equilíbrio Geral Computável (EGC) para o Brasil, LATES-BR, calibrado para 2011. As projeções geradas permitem realizar uma avaliação quantitativa da importância relativa dos mercados tradicionais e potenciais do agronegócio brasileiro e contribuem para o debate em curso do Plano Nacional de Exportações (PNE). O tamanho dos impactos dos potenciais mercados, principalmente em países da América do Sul, quando comparados com os mercados tradicionais, no caso os Estados Unidos, é bem menor. Entretanto, conforme discutido no trabalho, a questão mais importante não é o tamanho do impacto, mas sim o movimento em termos macroeconômicos e os resultados de comércio, ou seja, o potencial de explorar novos mercados como alternativa de aumento da participação brasileira no comércio internacional.

Strategies and Tasks of Exporting Dental Education

Recently, education is regarded as a service item and university education services are being exported abroad. In the form of educational export operations, export of educational contents and curriculum, specific consultancy projects for foreign institutes, installation of local educational facilities, or attracting foreign students are being carried out. Korea has the potential and competitiveness to export dental education. The advantages of Korea's dental education services, such as dental equipment and materials, excellent education programs, and high-quality human resources, will enable the export of education services in various ways. Establishment of educational infrastructure and educational programs for overseas dental students, export of educational consulting items, clinical training programs for foreign dentists abroad, invitation for international clinical workshops, dispatch of faculty members, exchange student programs can be considered as exporting dental education service items. Therefore, in a long-term perspective, it is necessary to establish differential and appropriate educational export plans.

Plan de exportación de mole con pollo deshebrado, al mercado de Shangái, China

La cocina mexicana es considerada una de las más exquisitas, debido a su excelente combinación de sabores, texturas y olores no conoce fronteras además China se ha dejado encantar por su sabor inconfundible. La apertura de China al mundo ayudó a que los productos mexicanos fueran más fáciles de exportar. Considerando lo anterior se diseñó un Plan de exportación que permitiera ingresar el mole con pollo deshebrado al mercado de Shanghái, China. Dentro del estudio de Mercado se estima una demanda de Alimentos Procesados en China a una Tasa Media de Crecimiento Anual del 7.5% entre 2012- 2020, siendo una ventaja para el proyecto. De manera general y con relación a la hipótesis de este proyecto concluimos que es viable exportar “Mole con pollo deshebrado” de la ciudad de Papantla, Veracruz, al mercado de Shanghái.

International entrepreneurship, export planning and export performance: evidence from a sample of winemaking SMEs

International entrepreneurship, export planning and export performance: evidence from a sample of winemaking SMEs

International entrepreneurship, export planning and export performance: evidence from a sample of winemaking SMEs

While some entrepreneurs opt to be born global from inception, others internationalise their firms over time; these are inherently different cases with unlike causal variables, forms and consequences. This article models and tests the influence that international entrepreneurship exerts on the export performance of a firm. Five hypotheses are derived from the literature. With a sample of winemaking SMEs, we test these by means of moderated hierarchical regression analysis. The results discuss the relationship of cognitive traits with international entrepreneurship and highlight the importance of combining these cognitive characteristics with strategic planning in order enhance export performance.

Italian Exports and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

Italy's export increased by 11% 2011- 2015 (as of July) as it benefited from two major macroeconomic developments: the global recovery and the depreciation of the Euro. Beyond the EU common market, the United States continue to be Italy's first strategic trade partner due to its higher-than-average willingness to spend its growing purchasing power on Italian products and its appreciating currency. Furthermore, in view of the emerging economies' current slowdown, trade relations with the United States and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) are set to be of critical importance for the success of the Special Export Plan announced by the Italian Government.

Does Improvisation Help or Hinder Planning in Determining Export Success? Decision Theory Applied to Exporting

Exporting enables organizations to diversify risk and generate multiple income streams. In turn, the ability to make good export decisions is purported to be a main determinant of performance. Although substantive export decisions are well researched, little is known about how export decisions should be made in practice and whether different decision-making approaches should be combined. This study addresses this gap using decision theory; the authors assess the interaction of planning and improvisation and examine the impact of these approaches on export responsiveness and export performance. They develop a conceptual model through exploratory research and test it through structural equation modeling. The authors seek insights into the results through post hoc in-depth interviews and conclude that improvisation has multiple dimensions (spontaneity, creativity, and action orientation) and that there is no one “best way” for export managers to make decisions. Furthermore, export planning can enhance economic performance but detract from customer performance. In addition, improvisation improves responsiveness, whereas action orientation leads to greater customer performance and results in greater responsiveness with regard to planning. However, export managers should be wary of spontaneity and creativity, because they detract from planning outcomes.

Time Series Behavior of the Volume of Wood Products Export in Ghana

This study examines the patterns in the export of wood products in Ghana from 1997-2013. We also build a time series model to forecast the volume of wood products export over the same period. The study employs the Box-Jenkins methodology of building ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model. Monthly time series data on exports of wood products from 1997-2013 were extracted from monthly and annual reports on export of wood products published by the Timber Industry Development Division (TIDD) of the Forestry Commission of Ghana. Different selected models were tested to ensure the accuracy of obtained results and ARIMA (3, 1, 0) (0, 1, 1)_{12} was adjudged the best model. This model was then used to forecast the volume of wood products export for 2014 and 2015. January and June represent the minimum and maximum export periods respectively. The model will guide TIDD in their annual timber export planning and also help avoid financial losses that could result from poor decision making and ultimately improve efficiency of their operations.

The Formation of Wholesale Market Price for Taiwan Mango, and Approach for Export Plan

The Formation of Wholesale Market Price for Taiwan Mango, and Approach for Export Plan

An empirical investigation on factors influencing on exporting medicinal plants

Article history: Received January 22, 2013 Received in revised format 26 April 2013 Accepted 20 May 2013 Available online May 26 2013 During the past few years, there have been growing interests on developing medicinal plant industry. This paper presents an empirical study on important factors influencing medicinal plant for developing exports in Iran. The proposed study of this paper designs a questionnaire and distributes it among 310 regular customers who are involved in this industry in city of Tehran, Iran. Cronbach alpha has been calculated as 0.802. In addition, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Samplng =KMO test was also computed and it was about 0.66, which is above the minimum acceptable limit of 0.5. The study uses Scree plot to determine important factors and there are eight factors including environmental issues, export supportive issues, potentials for export, business plan, export plan, structural barriers, competition capability and strategy. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Export decision‐making orientation: an exploratory study

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine two predominant export decision‐making orientations emanating from normative and descriptive decision theory, namely planning and improvisation and their coexistence within exporting firms. In addition, contingencies under which one may be more appropriate than the other for optimal performance consequences are identified.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative study was conducted with UK exporters by way of in‐depth interviews. The results were analyzed using within‐ and cross‐case displays of in‐vivo and literature‐based codes, based on Miles and Huberman's recommendations.FindingsThe study reveals widespread use of improvisation in export functions, and its co‐existence with export planning for enhanced decision‐making. In addition, resource‐ and capabilities‐based moderators are identified that may affect the ways in which planning and improvisation are related to export performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a preliminary study which addresses the two export decision‐making orientations together for the first time. Further quantitative research is needed to formally test the conceptual model developed.Practical implicationsExport decision‐makers often feel guilty about improvising, believing that planning is the accepted norm. Avoidance and covert use of improvisation, however, are not necessary. Indeed, export improvisation can have many positive consequences for the export function, especially when combined with export planning.Originality/valueResearch on export decision‐making has tended to focus on normative decision theory (from which planning emerges), largely overlooking descriptive approaches which identify improvisation as a valid decision‐making orientation. However, in today's global and competitive environment, better performance consequences are increasingly to be found in the faster and more creative export decisions that improvisation can afford. This study addresses for the first time how benefits can be drawn from employing a combination of export planning and improvisation.

The effects of exchange rate fluctuations on exports: A sectoral analysis for Turkey

This paper examines the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on disaggregated data comprising 21 exporting sectors (BEC classification) in Turkey. Building on a theoretical model that decomposes movements in the exchange rate into anticipated and unanticipated components, the empirical investigation traces the effects through demand and supply channels. Anticipated exchange rate appreciation, in line with movements in underlying fundamentals, has significant adverse effects, contracting export growth across many sectors. Random fluctuations in the exchange rate, deviations around steady-state equilibrium, have asymmetric effects on sectoral export growth. The evidence indicates increased contraction of export demand to currency appreciation over time. In contrast, the effect of depreciation in stimulating export growth has lost momentum over time. While exchange rate fluctuations had a positive net effect on export growth before 2003, the net effect is negative for the post-2002 period. The implications are anticipated movement in the exchange rate guides export plans, signaling the importance of managing fundamentals to anchor rational forecasts. Moreover, less variability of the exchange rate is likely to improve sectoral export growth in Turkey over time.

Projection of the International Standard ISO 29383 Terminology in the Context of Colombian Exports

Objective: To present the applicability of the International Terminology Standard ISO 29383, and its positive influence in the context of exports in Colombia. On the other hand, this article seeks to show some of the work developed in the doctoral thesis ''Aplicación de normas terminológicas internacionales en el sector exportador colombiano'' (''Applicability of international terminology standards in the export sector in Colombia''), presented at the University of Vienna, Austria. The exposed section in this article is also part of the work of the International Technical Committee ISO / TC 37, in relation to the development of terminology standards that seek to have general applicability in many different contexts. One of them is the planning and implementation of terminology policies at government level, by the application of terminology standards. Method: Through the analysis of ISO 29 383 ''Terminology Policies,'' the most relevant aspects are presented, which help to understand its objectives, approaches, origins and essential points. Having a clear vision of the Standard, a comparative analysis is carried out contrasting with the Plan Estratégico Exportador (Strategic Export Plan) (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Tourism and the National Learning Service -SENA, 2001), which defines the guidelines for the Colombian export policy. Results: projections of the Standard in the Colombian context are presented, i.e. how would it benefits the export sector would if a national terminology policy is implemented.Conclusions: The international effort on the standardization of terminology can positively influence the improvement of developing economies. The application of terminology standards is a development factor not only in specialized communication of a given sector, but also as a necessary element in the process of quality management, within which standardization is increasingly becoming a part of success in the international trade.
 Received: 21-01-10 / Accepted: 19-05-10
 How to reference this article:
 Diaz Vasquez, J. C. (2010). Proyección de la Norma Terminológica Internacional ISO 29383 en el contexto de las exportaciones colombianas. Íkala, 15(2), pp.161-186.

Export barriers and internationalisation: evidence from SMEs in an emergent African economy

It has also been widely accepted that exports make significant contributions to economic development and well-being of a nation. For example, the export-led growth hypothesis (ELGH) postulates that export expansion is one of the major determinants of economic development. It holds that the overall economic growth of a nation can be generated not only by increasing the amounts of labour and capital within the economy, but also by expanding exports. Based on this premise, this study aims to examine perceived factors impeding the development of export activities in Nigeria. Data were collected from 120 firms in four major manufacturing cities in Nigeria. Our findings show that the major barriers to export development include lack of finance to support export activities, lack of qualified personnel to support export planning, foreign competition, lack of knowledge on how to export, poor infrastructure, corruption and bureaucratic bottlenecks. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Quality of physalis (Physalis pubescenss L.) juice packaged in glass bottles and flexible laminated packs during storage at 5°c.

Husk tomato ( Physalis pubescens L.) is one of the important 100 species in the Physalis genus of the Solanaceae family. Among unexploited tropical fruits, Physalis is a very promising fruit. Physalis is included in the priority list of many governments' horticulture and fruit export plans. It is relatively unknown in importing markets and remains an exotic fruit. The important step toward developing Physalis as a commercial crop was maximizing its technological applications. The objective of our study was to prepare a new processed pasteurized Physalis juice and to study the effects of storage and packaging on its nutritional properties. The pulp was yellowish or orange with a yield of 64%. The fresh juice had a light sweet and acidic taste (pH 3.5). The titratable acidity was 1.43%, polyphenols 76.6mg/100mL and vitamin C 38.8mg/100mL. Physalis juice was rich in carotenoids (70μg/mL). The nutritional and bio-physical characteristics of Physalis juice packaged in glass bottles and flexible laminated packs during storage under refrigeration (5±1°C, 85-90%RH) for 6 months were studied. Carotenoids, polyphenolic substances and ascorbic acid contents were gradually reduced throughout cold storage, where this reduction was more pronounced in juice packaged in flexible laminated packs. A slight increase in total acidity was observed with cold storage prolongation, especially in juice packaged in flexible laminated packs. Significant differences in color were found between the same juice packaged either in glass bottles or in flexible laminated packs, where the juice color was darker in flexible laminated packs. It could be noticed that, there was no migration of Na ions from glass bottles to processed juice formulas during the cold storage period. In flexible laminated packs, a slight increase of Al ions throughout the cold storage period but not exceeding the safety limit of Al daily intake (3.5mg/day). It was concluded that Physalis juice packaged in glass bottles had higher storage stability than that packaged in flexible laminated packs.

Tangled Pipelines: Turkey's Role in Energy Export Plans

This paper looks at Turkey's aspirations to be an energy hub for oil and natural gas exports from the Caspian Sea region and beyond. After exploring the intense politics surrounding the demarcation and siting of export pipelines from the Caspian Sea, the author goes on to discuss the complex geopolitics of the region. The article analyzes the impact of the summer 2008 Georgian–Russian war on Turkey's hopes and will illustrate the contradictions in Ankara's energy policies. The author argues that Turkey must balance its aspirations to be central to regional export schemes and its increasing energy dependence on Russia.