Export Of Educational Services Research Articles

Реализация приоритетного проекта «Экспорт образования» в социологическом измерении

Implementation of the priority project «Export of education in sociological dimension annotation due to historical, geopolitical and economic reasons, higher education in the regions of Russia is in different conditions in implementation of the federal project «Export of Education». The main component of the project, which universities are focused on in organizing international activities, today is the indicator - the number of foreign students in a certain ratio with the number of university students. However, the key strategic goal of the project is to increase the competitiveness of Russian education in the international market of educational services due to the attractiveness of domestic educational programs for foreign citizens, improve their living conditions during the period of study in Russia, which, ultimately, should significantly increase the amount of revenue from export of educational services. Organization of international activities and work with foreign students in universities, as well as the implementation of the indicator «number of foreign students», within the framework of the project, became the subject of the presented study, the main methods of which were determined: non-standardized interviews of leaders in charge of international activities of universities, and a survey foreign students of universities of the Khabarovsk territory. The obtained results allow us state that the project «Education Export» does not take into account the regional conditions for its implementation, the implementation of quantitative indicators is not additionally funded and is left to the mercy of universities. Foreign students of the region do not demonstrate complete satisfaction with education and organization of life. All this, on the one hand, is explained by the peculiarities of the motivation for their stay in the universities of Russia - the Khabarovsk territory, on the other hand, by the domestic specifics of the higher education system.

Economic analysis of the world export of educational services

The research looks at the export of educational services as one of the promising spheres for the development of international economic relations. The study focuses on the experience of developed supplier and recipient countries. The theoretical basis of the study is formed by the typology of ways to export services proposed in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The importance of the issue under consideration is due, among other things, to the fact that, according to forecasts, the number of foreign students wishing to obtain higher education will increase to 150 million in 2025, and the volume of exports of higher education will reach $30 billion, which is 3 % of the total volume of trade in OECD services. Most prior research focuses on methodological aspects of education; however, the experience of foreign countries is presented in a limited scope. Using the example of the USA in the context of the management training program, it is shown that a fairly broad methodological system is used abroad, allowing specialists from all over the world to acquire the necessary skills and develop competencies. It is obvious that the pandemic has led to a sharp reduction in the number of foreign students in Germany, as in other exporting countries of educational services. Of particular interest is the EdTech market, which is attractive in terms of its size and growth rates. The key barriers to the global market of educational services are, among other things, increased competition, the presence of a larger number of exporters-providers of educational services, more active classes at mass open online courses, active use of mobile devices; the use of learning models that include personalized and blended learning methods; increasing the degree of confidentiality of data; active development of the institute of continuing education in conjunction with the active use of advanced training courses and vocational training. The research is expected to provide valuable information about the balance of powers on the global market of educational services and will serve as an information base for further scientific research in the field.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЭКСПОРТА ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ТРАНСГРАНИЧНОМ РЕГИОНЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЗАБАЙКАЛЬСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА)

Today strategic academic activity is more and more associated with the export of knowledge and services. One of the most topical directions in the development of the higher education system is connected with the increase of the academic export potential. In this context, the trends and challenges related to the export of educational services that the present-day system of higher education faces require systematic understanding, interpretation and objectively increase the need to consider and study the prospects for more effective involvement of universities of cross-border regions into the global market of educational services. The object of the research is higher education export. The subject of the research is the problems and prospects of the export potential development in the Transbaikal State University. The objective of the research is to assess the degree of involvement of the Transbaikal State University, as the leading university in the cross-border region, in export of educational activities, to identify the main problems and to determine the prospects for more effective work of the university in this direction. The objective of the research is achieved through the solution of the following tasks: to reveal the meaning of the concept of «higher education export», to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical works on this issue, to study international activities and the practice of providing educational services to foreign students by the case of the Transbaikal State University. The research methodology of the study is based on the works of Russian and foreign scientists devoted to this issue. To analyze the effectiveness of the Transbaikal State University’s work in this direction, the author used a factor analysis that is connected with the impact of external and internal factors, objective and subjective reasons that affect the effectiveness of the export educational activities of the leading university in the cross-border Transbaikal region. To create the methodological integrity of the study, universal methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization were used

PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF FACTORS OF INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES

This work is devoted to the study of factors that shape the competitiveness of higher education institutions in the international market of educational services. To this end, the work considers the areas of state participation, which provide incentives for the export of educational services that have not only financial but also reputational and innovative benefits. In addition, it is noted that specialized organizations that operate in many countries and are involved in attracting foreign students to their country (for example, national agencies, academic services, educational foundations, international exchange centers, etc.) and educational TNCs (as DAAD, British Council, CIMO, EduFrance 35, IDP Education Australia, etc.) play an important role. International organizations (such as the Council of Europe, UNESCO, the World Bank, the OECD, etc.) also form an information and advisory field for the international market of educational services, public authorities - regulatory. Increasing competition in the international market of educational services encourages the identification of factors that affect the competitiveness of educational institutions and their competitive advantages. These include the following: stability of financial and economic situation and flexible pricing policy, development of international relations and its advertising activities, the formation of a positive image, the availability of innovative educational programs using information technology, geographical location, specifics of public and private funding, teaching quality and training, etc. However, it is necessary not only to have them, but also to use them correctly, depending on the specifics of each educational institution. In addition, rankings are considered an effective tool for ensuring the quality of higher education. In the course of this work the top institutions of higher education according to QS World University Ranking, Academic Ranking of World Universities, Times Higher Education World University Ranking are analyzed. This revealed that American higher education institutions have the greatest competitive advantages in the international market of educational services and accumulate a large percentage of foreign students.

Primary Professionalization of Foreign Students: Barriers, Stigmatization, Adaptation

Introduction. In the context of the export of educational services, it is of particular importance to design an efficient system of foreign students’ psychological adaptation. Owing to the ethnocultural background, foreign students feel that they are stigmatized minorities in the host society. Negative images and stereotypes are often internalized, resulting in stable low self-esteem in the stigmatized. Since self-esteem acts as a key parameter of the professional self-concept, social stigma and the experience of social identity threat activate the stigmatization of primary professionalization, thereby drastically reducing the efficiency of the received vocational education at the university. The purpose of the study is: to outline the phenomenon of primary professionalization, to reveal the nature of the relationship between the social stigma of foreign students and their self-esteem, and to describe the levels of primary professionalization. Materials and Methods. The study involved 124 foreign students. Participants were asked to answer questions of the Short Form of the Stigmatization Scale and Rosenbergʼs Self-Esteem Scale in order to track the relationship between social stigma and self-esteem. Further, in order to identify the basic barriers to primary professionalization and the participants’ perception of their stigmatized status, the respondents answered the questions of a semi-structured interview supported with the critical incident technique in a focus group format. Results. There is a correlation between the degree of obviousness of social stigma and self-esteem of foreign students. The categorization of the data obtained allowed the authors to substantiate the phenomenon of stigma of primary professionalization, to systematize the determining factors, and to describe its levels. Discussion and Conclusion. Despite the fact that social stigma has attracted active attention of world science for decades, we have not been able to find focused studies into primary professionalization in the format of education export. Studying the factors that lead to the development of stigma of primary professionalization, understanding its levels will help to design a system for its prevention, optimize the system of adaptation of foreign students to the realities of the educational system of the host university.

Socio-cultural barriers to the adaptation of foreign students to Russian higher education

Interest in the problem of socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students is growing due to intensification of the processes of internationalization of education, global competition of universities, and increase in the export of educational services. The purpose of the study is to analyze the types and causes of the emergence of socio-cultural barriers to adaptation of foreign students in the context of higher education in Russia; to work out recommendations for their reduction. The theoretico-methodological basis of the research is the ABC model of culture shock, phenomenological approach to the analysis of intercultural communications (ICC) in the global world. The socio-cultural barriers to the adaptation are considered through the prism of the lack of ICC resources increasing the manifestations of culture shock, and first of all—social perception. Based on the synthesis of studies by Russian and foreign authors, the article examines the causes of the formation of deficiencies in the linguistic, paralinguistic, cognitive and behavioral competencies necessary for successful socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students. The primary materials are the results of the monitoring ^Assessment of the quality of education at the Financial University» conducted by the focus group method at the Financial University in the 2020-2021 academic year. To improve the socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students to education, the authors propose telecollaboration. The conclusions and recommendations given in the article can be used in the field of education for children and adults, including additional and inclusive education (students with disabilities, migrant students, etc.).

Discussion on Methods of International Trade in Education Services in the Context of Free Trade Zone Construction

Free trade zones are undertaking critical educational and historical missions, whose strategic orientation is to explore a new mode of economic cooperation and cultural communication between landlocked countries and those who are participated in Belt and Road Initiative. However, education opening level to the outside world is low, and the scale of educational service business is small. The establishment of free trade zones and the development of education services trade show a relationship of connection, aggregation and interdependence. To develop the education service industry, it is necessary to coordinate with other service industries, and promote the export of education services by improving its quality and efficiency. Taking the University Alliance of the Silk Road as the breakthrough point, promoting mutual recognition of academic values of member universities, we need to implement a quality monitoring system in line with international standards, and promote greater openness of regional education to enhance exchanges.

Роль экспорта образовательных услуг в экономике Беларуси

The current socio-economic situation in the Republic of Belarus determines the search for possible reserves to increase exports and diversify them. The article assesses the direct and indirect contribution of the export of educational services to the country's economy. The socio-economic problems solved by foreign states through the system of training foreign personnel and the possibility of their application are described. The relevance of training foreign citizens in the interests of creating a positive image of the Republic of Belarus and exporting goods through the implementation of cross-promotion projects is substantiated.

Prospects for the formation and development of the EAEU educational services market

In the theoretical block of the article, the directions of application by countries of specific features of one country in the educational space of another are viewed through the prism of an agreed educational policy, complementarity of national educational systems, synchronization of actions achieved on the basis of regulation by supranational institutions. The article adapted foreign experience, including new trends in the field of education: decentralization and democratization of management, modification of educational programs and standards, the creation of non-state educational institutions, updating of the regulatory framework and the financial and economic mechanism in the field of education. Cooperation between the EAEU member states in the field of education was considered as a mechanism for the most effective development and solution of global problems. International academic mobility is analysed as one of the most important co-sponsoring processes for the internationalization of higher education and the integration of universities into the world educational space. The practical block is devoted to the problems of the formation and evolution of the educational services market in the conditions of innovative development of Russia and Belarus as members of the Eurasian Economic Union. The peculiarities of integration of education systems of Russia and Belarus in the market of educational services of the EAEU are considered. Factors leading to integration of member countries at the level of individual educational institutions are being investigated. Trends of gradual development of national educational systems of their state framework and emergence of foundations of unified educational space of the Eurasian Economic Union are analyzed. Trends are highlighted that hinder the development of the export of educational services of the Eurasian Economic Union.

Проблемы экспорта образовательных услуг Российской Федерации

Currently, the export of educational services is a global business, which is aimed at making a profit and opportunities to expand cultural and economic ties between countries through the implementation of educational services to “consumers” of the educational services market.

On the adaptation of foreign students

Over the recent years, internationalization of the educational process draws heightened interests to foreign students, which in turn, entails a surge of research dedicated to the problems of their adaptation. The goal of this article lies in analyzing the cross-cultural adaptation of foreign students from non-CIS states who study in Russia. The subject of this article is the targeted work of the academic staff on the adaptation of foreign students. Methodological framework is comprised of the following approaches: individual, personality-oriented, activity-oriented, humanistic, and cross-cultural, which takes into account the ethnic and cultural-specific peculiarities of foreign students. The relevance of this topic is justified by the globalization trends of international educational space, as well as strategic tasks of the Russian higher education – stimulate the export of educational services, attract foreign students, and promote the integration of foreign specialists in the Russian job market. The scientific novelty lies in determination of the factors that either contribute to or obstruct the adaptation of foreign students in the Russian universities, as well as the agents of adaptation. On the example of Moscow State University of Technology "STANKIN", the author analyzes the peculiarities of adaptation process, as well as the factors that improve the living and learning conditions of foreign citizens in the new sociocultural environment, increase the level of multicultural interaction within the framework of the educational institution. It is established that the adaptation of foreign students depends on the psychophysiological, educational-cognitive, sociocultural and casual factors, which are closely interrelated. The problems faced by foreign students are associated with submerging to a new sociocultural and educational environment of the university; therefore, the process of their adaptation should be organized, targeted, and integrated.

Actual Problems of Methodology and Organization of Teaching Russian as a Foreign languages During the Pandenic

In the era of globalization, Russian universities face an acute problem of participating in a single global educational space and exporting educational services for training specialists from different countries Russian language training for foreign specialists who are fluent in Russian and are able to teach Russian abroad is of particular importance and relevance in this regard. The article is devoted to educational products provided by the graduating Department of Russian as a foreign language of the Transbaikal state University in the conditions of competition of Russian universities for a foreign student during the pandemic. The relevance of the problem is confirmed by numerous scientific studies, which analyze both the presence of exports of Russian educational services, and the place and specifics of hotel universities in the export of educational services. The aim of the study is to analyze the educational services of the Transbaikal state University, provided by educational programs producing the Russian as a Foreign Language department, as well as the prospects for the development of educational programs during the pandemic. Analysis of the educational programs of the Transbaikal State University, exported issuing Department RCTS showed that the educational product is a coherent and consistent system of educational programs, which allows to education of foreign citizens at all stages of study at the University. The author notes the strategies for the development of the educational activities of the Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which are aimed at improving the competitiveness and quality of the educational product in the international market of educational services in the post-pandemic period. In order to achieve the goal and solve the problems, methods of analysis and observation were used, which allowed to determine the direction and prospects of the development of international educational programs in the city, to identify new challenges for the effective export of educational services and how to solve them. Keywords: international market for educational services, foreign students, international university activities, Russian as a foreign language, export of educational services, the department of Russian language as a foreign language

The Economic Role of the Region's Geobrand in Strengthening the Educational Trend of Foreign Youth Migration

The article considers the influence of the geobrand of Yekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk oblast with regards to attracting foreign students to the universities in the region. It provides the statistics on the positive economic impact of the geobrand on the educational trend of foreign youth migration. What attracts foreign students is not only the university, but also the region itself. In case of Yekaterinburg, it is a well-known geobrand created historically purposefully or spontaneously. Large-scale international events held in the region contribute a lot to the worldwide recognition of the geobrand. It attracts additional resources and determines the competitive position of the area both locally and globally. With the development of digital culture, information society and the media space, it is possible to increase the region’s competitiveness and investment attractiveness. It is essential for improving its image and for its positive perception internally and externally. Since 2017 Yekaterinburg has been positioned mainly as a cultural and sports capital. Its image is transforming from that of an industrial territory to the image of a developing region. There are 39 higher education institutions located in Yekaterinburg, many of which occupy high positions in the Russian university ranking. Full-time contracts and part-time contracts with foreign students allowed the universities to receive income from the export of educational services. These universities managed to increase their total return on export of their services, which proves the interest of foreign students to studying in Ural universities. The main criteria for choosing the universities were recognition of the university diploma in their home country, interest in the region where the university is located and tuition fee. The sources of information from which they learned about the university were: Internet, World Cup and the university representatives visiting their country.
 Keywords: export of educational services, economic impact of geobrand, educational migration, geotransformation

Export of educational services from Russia to Mongolia in the context of reforming the education system of Mongolia

Export of educational services from Russia to Mongolia in the context of reforming the education system of Mongolia

Export of educational services in Russia

Export of educational services in Russia

THE PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN HIGHER EDUCATION’S EXPORT TO VIETNAM: THE CASE OF NORTHERN (ARCTIC) FEDERAL UNIVERSITY

This article discusses the prospects for the development of Russian higher education’s export to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Based on the analysis of the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation, the Decree of the RF President “On the national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation till 2024”, the materials of the federal project “Export of Education”, and the national project “Science and Universities”, the authors have ascertained that at the level of strategic documents, the export of educational services in Russia is considered as a tool of “soft power” — a source of state income and a way to attract highly-qualified specialists to the labor market. The authors have conducted a study of the potential of the educational market in Vietnam based on the analysis of the previous researches on educational migration, statistical information of education export to Vietnam, the state of Russian-Vietnamese relations, the position of the Russian language in the country, and key statistical indicators, as well as participant observation within the framework of the author’s professional activities. The role of Rossotrudnichestvo Office in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in expertise, consultations, and organizational support to Russian educational organizations is considered. This paper analyzes the experience of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov as it entered the educational market of Vietnam and established contacts with Vietnamese universities: the Hanoi University of Business and Technology (HUBT) and the Vietnam National University of Forestry (VNUF). Conclusions are drawn about the potential for strengthening the positions of the Russian higher educational institutions in the educational market of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the near future, as well as the importance of developing scientific and educational cooperation with Vietnamese universities as an effective tool for developing academic mobility, promoting the Russian language, implementing joint educational programs, research projects and developing export of education in general.

ІНФОРМАТИЗАЦІЯ ЯК ЧАСТИНА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ СФЕРИ ОСВІТИ

The research is devoted to the processes of transformation of the education system in the transition to the information society, taking into account that in such conditions, knowledge becomes a commodity, and the commercialization of education can negatively affect the traditional education system. Due to the considering higher education as a commodity that can be sold or purchased, it reaches the world market level, and as the result of that the import and export of educational services can be subject to complex procedures of this organization and legal regulation of its decisions. Today, while millions of students around the world study at a distance format, and with the acceleration of globalization, the number of students in the multimedia space will increase significantly. This trend rooted, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the education system has been forced to move to distance learning. However, the mass nature of educational services significantly complicates the identification of the student's individuality and the appropriate individual work with him, which in turn will affect the quality of teaching. Modernization of the educational sphere in the information society is implemented in state informatization programs, which cover the processes of formation of preconditions (organizational, scientific, technical, economic, financial, humanitarian, legal) development of informatization, development of modern information technologies in all spheres of public life, formation of national information resources, creation of a system of information-analytical support of the activity of state bodies, increase of efficiency of domestic production on the basis of wide use of information technologies and formation of the market of information products and services. That is why the urgent task for countries on the way to the information society is an effective combination of traditional education and modern information technology. In particular, one of the most important tasks for Ukraine today is the rapid and effective modernization of the education system in view of the acceleration of European integration in the field of education.

К ВОПРОСУ О МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ ИНОСТРАННЫХ СТУДЕНТОВ

This article reveals the relevance of the problem of intercultural communication of foreign students in the educational environment. The importance of export of educational services is defined, and also actions necessary for creation of the favorable environment for foreign students are designated.

РАЗВИТИЕ ЭКСПОРТА ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УСЛУГ КЫРГЫЗСТАНА В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ И ЕВРАЗИЙСКОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ

The choice of a higher education system based on the Bologna process played an important role in the reform and modernization of higher education in Kyrgyzstan. This facilitated the entry of the republic’s higher school into the world educational system. In the process of such integration, there is a tendency to increase the number of students from foreign countries, except for traditional ones from the post-Soviet republics. These are students from India, Turkey, Pakistan and other countries. It becomes relevant to assess the prospects for developing the export of educational services, creating the prerequisites for increasing the export of education.

ACTIVITIES OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA ON ADAPTATION OF MIGRANT STUDENTS TO THE NEW SOCIO-CULTURAL SPACE: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

The Russian Federation is a multinational state. Globalization of the modern world leads to an increase in international ties. All this is reflected in the main directions of the state policy in the field of strengthening international cooperation and forming respect for historical values and cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian state.
 
 The authors consider the main directions of activities carried out by regional higher educational institutions and public organizations in the field of adaptation of migrant students in the sociocultural space which is new for them.
 
 Since migrant students are a special category of population because of their age and social status, it is characterized by a number of special problems. Migrant students face many stressful effects of their new life environment. The quicker they adapt to new conditions, the more successful their learning process will be. Adaptation of international students has a long time character, as it is a very complex process. Students-migrants face great difficulties, among which are: a new sociocultural environment, unusual climatic conditions, an unfamiliar language and educational system.
 
 As practice shows, for a large number of foreign students, getting education in Russia is the so-called “launching pad” into future life. When receiving Russian education, foreign students hope to relocate to Russia for permanent residence, taking the citizenship of our state.
 
 Mordovian higher educational institutions continue to increase the export of educational services. Every year the geography of countries is expanding, admission of students from abroad increases. This trend will continue, as one of the objectives of the national project “Education” is to increase the number of foreign students.