Export Of Agricultural Raw Materials Research Articles

Kazakhstani agricultural products: prospects for entering the Chinese market

China, being one of the world's largest food importers, has significant market opportunities for the Kazakhstani agro-industrial complex. In order to use this potential, the Republic of Kazakhstan is actively implementing measures and programs to stimulate and support the export of agricultural products. The goal is to study the features and prospects for the export of agricultural raw materials and food products to the PRC. As part of this study, the International Trade Center provided information to analyze the volumes and range of exported and imported food products and goods that were categorized in accordance with the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity. Methods - descriptive statistics and index approach, allowing toidentify the main trends, quantitative changes and structural shifts in trade in food products of Kazakhstan with China and other countries. To determine the efficiency of production of various food products in the Republic of Kazakhstan relative to other countries, the Balassa index was used, measuring comparative advantage (RCA) in this area. Results - the authors note the positive impact of development of logistics, economic growth, market size and geographic proximity of Central Asian countries, including Kazakhstan, on formation of supply chains at different levels. However, to further modernize agri-food sector, a number of obstacles and risks need to be addressed: problems in production processes, processing and logistics, as well as technical and institutional constraints. Conclusions - improving the export strategy is crucial in shaping the national policy in the field of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan in conditions of a mobilization economy: mitigating threats and risks, identifying internal resources to strengthen trade relations with the People's Republic of China.

Foreign trade of the USSR in agricultural products in the period 1941-1945

The object of the study is the import and export supplies of food products, agricultural raw materials and live animals to the USSR during the Great Patriotic War, the War with Japan and until the end of 1945. The subject of the study is the dynamics, trends and patterns of changes in the volume and structure of import and export of various types of agricultural products into the country and changes in the ratio of various supply channels of these products. The main content of the study is the creation of a statistical database based on a number of archival statistical sources containing data on agricultural imports and exports for the specified period and the analysis of this database. The article provides a brief description of the research on the topic of the work and an analysis of archival sources. When creating a statistical database containing data on the natural volumes of imports and exports of agricultural products, methods of historical, source-based and statistical analysis were used. As a result of reviewing the created statistical sample with data on agricultural imports and exports of the country, the following results were obtained containing elements of scientific novelty: 1. The characteristics of agricultural imports are more complete than in most previous studies. 2. The characteristics of the export of agricultural products for these years are given, which is absent in most previous studies. 3. In connection with the above, a more accurate description of the trends in the characteristics of imports and exports of agricultural raw materials and food during the years of the Great Patriotic War and the War with Japan is given, and the share of imports of a number of types of agricultural products in the total domestic production is calculated in a new way.

State support for the exports of products of the grain-growing sector of a region

Grain growing is one of the essential branches of agriculture in Russia, and the products of its processing have a significant impact on the country’s food security. Grain has the most critical specific gravity in the structure of grain growing production. The availability of substantial areas of fertile land and relatively favourable weather conditions enable Russia to meet its domestic needs for food and fodder grain and become a major grain exporter to the global market. The Novosibirsk Region is one of the critical regions that is self-sufficient in grain. Therefore, it has significant potential for increasing export volume and a favourable location, making it a major exporter of grain products beyond the Ural. The important Siberian Federal District supplies gain, and leguminous crops are China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, i.e., Central Asia and Southeast rapeseed like such, flax, and buckwheat prevail in the export structure. In 2018, 459,000 tons of grain were exported, higher than in 2017. In 2018, 459 thousand tons of grain were exported, higher than in 2017. A significant part of the growth in exports of agricultural raw materials is accounted for by non-CIS countries such as China (38% of the total), Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, China, Bangladesh, and Kazakhstan. In 2017, oilseeds were exported to China, oilseeds 700 tons, against 26.8 thousand tons. Grain storage facilities in the Novosibirsk region are represented by 30-grain elevators and grain reception facilities, which have an actual grain storage capacity of 1,621.5 thousand tons.

The Potential of Information and Communication Technologies to Generate International Trade in Africa

This article employs the dynamic panel two-step system generalised method of moments (GMM) approach to investigate the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on trade and economic growth at a multisectoral level in 38 African countries from 1990 to 2019. The study reveals a significant and positive relationship between ICT and the export of agricultural raw materials and services. ICT shows a negative relationship with import in the agricultural sector, and a positive and significant relationship within the manufacturing sector. Additionally, there is no evidence of statistically significant relationships between ICT and service import. In relating ICT to growth, at the sectoral level, significant positive effects on growth were found with a varying magnitude in all sectors. The national ICT recommendation is that governments in African countries should increase investment in the ICT sector of the economy, which will have a remarkable effect on international trade and the economy.

Strategic priorities for the development of the agri-food sector of Ukraine's economy

The article proves that the current stage of development of the agro-food sector of the country's economy is characterized by strong positions in world exports of agricultural raw materials and low-processed products (cereals, sunflower oil, etc.) and has import dependence on certain deep-processed products. . It is obvious that this situation does not contribute to food security, but also is an obstacle to increasing the global competitiveness of the studied sector and the country as a whole. It is argued that new risks, threats and opportunities necessitate the substantiation of strategic priorities for the development of the agri-food sector of the country's economy, taking into account current trends of innovation and sustainability. It has been determined that the development of deep processing of livestock products should be a priority in the meat processing industry and the deterrents of its implementation have been identified. Measures to implement this strategic priority are substantiated, namely the commissioning of new facilities for slaughter and deep processing, equipped with high-efficiency energy-saving innovative equipment, setting up the organization of raw material collection (including by-products). It is determined that the priority directions of development of milk supply chains should be: technical re-equipment, modernization and reconstruction of milk production, introduction of resource-saving and environmentally friendly technological lines; construction of new and modernization of functioning milk-receiving cooling and primary milk processing points, creation of small-sized milk processing shops on a cooperative basis; development of deep processing of raw milk and creation of production of such products as casein, whey powder, lactose, whey proteins, etc. The directions of development of deep processing of grain and sugar beets are given, which will promote the diversification of the product range. It is proved that in the current conditions of agri-food sector development the instruments of state regulation of certain types of production should be considered in the complex of support of both agricultural producers and processing enterprises, which will promote synergy for each level of the supply chain. It is argued that the development of agri-food production will be influenced by scientific and technological changes, increasing global challenges, increasing demand for food, slowing productivity growth in the sector and reducing its resource potential, growing urban population and implementing sustainable development principles. take into account in the strategic perspective. It is substantiated that one of the priority areas is the development of the sector of waste processing in agri-food production and food at the stage of consumption is a necessary condition for ensuring sustainability and competitiveness of agri-food production, which will increase added value and create new jobs natural environment, etc. Key words: agri-food sector, strategic priorities, in-depth processing, meat and dairy production, innovation, sustainability.

The impact of exchange rate volatility on trade: The evidence from Russia

This paper analyzes the effects of exchange rate volatility on exports and imports of a range of goods between Russia and its 70 trading partners from 2004 until 2018. The goods in question fall into eight product categories, as follows: (i) agricultural raw materials­; (ii) chemicals; (iii) food; (iv) fuels; (v) manufactured goods; (vi) ores and metals­; (vii) textiles; and (viii) machinery and transport equipment. Exchange rate volatility­ is measured using the standard deviation of the first difference in the logarithmic daily nominal exchange rate. The paper concludes that exchange rate volatility had a negative impact on exports of agricultural raw materials, manufactured goods, and machinery and transport equipment. In contrast, it was found to have a positive and significant impact on trade in fuels and imports of chemicals and textiles.

Features of agro-food chains formation in foreign markets

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation of agri-food chains in foreign markets and the calculation of value added losses in export-import operations of agri-food. It is established that the share of the agricultural sector in the GDP of Ukraine is 10.2% at the lowest value added per employee 4801.4 dollars. USA. It is estimated that in 2010–2019, in the structure of Ukraine's exports, agricultural products provided 19% of foreign exchange earnings in 2011 and 40% in 2019, which is evidence of the strengthening of export positions of the studied sector of the economy in foreign markets. It was revealed that in 2019 the share of agri-food products was 44.3%, or 22.2 billion dollars. US, or increased by 19% compared to 2018, while total exports from the country during this period increased by only 6%. It is determined that in the structure of exports of agri-food products the share of plant products is 58%, and in the commodity structure of exports the largest share falls on cereals - 74%, as well as oilseeds - 20%. It is concluded that the export of agricultural food in 2010–2019 is formed by raw materials, while the value added of processed products - sunflower oil, poultry meat - is higher than that of grain. Threats to the functioning of agri-food supply chains to foreign markets caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and government actions of the world and Ukraine to ensure food security are systematized. It is substantiated that the structure of Ukraine's foreign trade is rational, as raw materials predominate in supplies to foreign markets, and technically complex products dominate in the structure of imports. It is estimated that the foreign trade balance of goods and services in 2019 is negative in the amount of 3.7 billion dollars, but improved by 2.5 billion dollars. relative to the 2018 figure. It is substantiated that in order to achieve a positive value of the foreign trade balance of Ukraine it is necessary to stimulate the development of food industries, ie products with high added value. It is analyzed that the increase in exports of agricultural raw materials leads to a shortfall in value added, and, consequently, the state budget loses significant revenues in the form of value added tax (processed agricultural products are subject to VAT on its exports), tax on profit, export duty (rate 18%, for the export of live farm animals). It was found that the value structure of agricultural imports is dominated by the group of "finished food products" (45%); the second position of agri-food imports is occupied by products of plant origin, the share of which is 31%; third - products of animal origin, whose share in the structure of imports is about 18%. It is suggested that state support instruments, such as VAT refunds, should only be used to stimulate high value-added industries. Key words: agri-food supply chains, export, import, foreign markets, value added.

The China–US Trade Dispute: Economic Implications for the ECOWAS Region

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region, which is highly dependent on bilateral trade with the United States and China, will be affected by the trade dispute between the two countries. We analysed the implications of the trade dispute on ECOWAS bilateral trade with the two countries with an emphasis on trade in agricultural raw materials, mineral products, and consumer goods. Using historical data of fifteen ECOWAS countries, the study employed Instrumental Variables, Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML), pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV). Techniques to show that trade dispute could lead to a fall in exports of agricultural raw materials and mineral products to the United States, but an increase in exports to China. In the case of exports of consumer goods, the trade dispute could lead to a reduction in the ECOWAS’ exports to both the United States and China. The region’s economic diplomacy should promote the interests of its Member States while responding to the needs of the two countries.

Improving the efficiency of resource potential use is an urgent task of the agro – industrial complex

The Russian economy is not going through an easy time. Production volumes and efficiency are growing slowly, against this background, a pleasant exception is the situation of the agro-industrial complex. In terms of export revenue, agriculture ranks 2nd among all industries. Of course, the income from the export of agricultural raw materials is several times less than the income from the export of energy resources. However, a positive trend and good prospects for increasing export potential are important here. The article suggests measures to adjust the economic and social policy in the sphere of agriculture in the Chelyabinsk region. The policy of declaring small rural settlements not promising is not justified. All these areas of innovation in the agro-industrial complex should not be applied separately, but in combination. Such measures will provide a greater synergy effect than isolated measures.

АНАЛИЗ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ВЛАДИМИРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ НА 2013–2020 ГОДЫ В 2019 ГОДУ

The article analyzes the implementation of the State Program for the Development of the Agroindustrial Complex of the Vladimir Region for 2013-2020. More precisely, one of the subprograms of this program is "Development of the agro-industrial complex, including increasing the export of agricultural raw materials and food products." The budgetary efficiency of the implementation of the main activities of the subprogram, the degree of achievement of target indicators and the coefficient of the completeness of the use of budget funds have been determined. The problems of development of the agrarian industry are outlined.

The Impact of Services Trade Restrictiveness on Food Trade

International trade in goods requires service inputs such as transport, banking and financial services for production and transportation. Trade in goods and services are now closely linked and contribute to the growth of international trade. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of restrictions in the banking, accounting, transportation and logistics sectors (cargo handling and custom brokerage) on food trade. We use a gravity model with panel data from 2014 to 2018 for 36 OECD countries, the OECD indices of individual country restrictions and regulatory difference by country pair to capture the level of restrictions in these sectors. Our results suggest that importing and exporting country restrictions have non-significant effects on aggregate food exports, but negative and significant impacts on exports of agricultural raw materials and perishable products (meat, dairy products, eggs, etc.). The regulatory disparity between countries in logistics and banking sectors emerge as the main barrier for food exports. However, these results can be mitigated through regulatory cooperation or harmonization of regulations.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ У СІЛЬСЬКОМУ ГОСПОДАРСТВІ УКРАЇНИ

The features of changes in the volume of investments in agriculture, including specific indicators of investment per one agricultural enterprise and unit of the population of Ukraine, are determined. It has been established that the flow of the investment process in agriculture has a certain synergistic effect.The share of investments in agriculture in relation to Ukraine’s GDP and gross investment in the economy are analyzed. The dynamics of the indicators of the share of investments in GDP and gross investment in the Ukrainian economy indicates a certain tendency towards its gradual growth during 2015-2017.The study of the influence of a number of factors on the volume of investments in agriculture is carried out on a number of indicators expressing the instruments of state regulation.The strengths of state regulation of investment processes in agriculture is to stimulate farmers to export their products, which contributes to the simultaneous inflow of investments in the agricultural sector.The weak sides are the lack of a well-balanced long-term policy of industrial development, which transforms Ukraine into an agrarian and raw material state. The deficit of the balance of payments is overlapped in recent years due to the export of agricultural raw materials with low added value.In the global food market, a shortage of high-quality products is constantly growing, Ukraine has all the prospects of becoming a developed agro-industrial country in terms of stimulating investments in processing agricultural raw materials. The need to attract foreign investment is obvious.Direct foreign investment in the agricultural sector is responsive enough to change the economic situation and the political situation in Ukraine, and therefore agriculture is in large measure in need of economic stabilization and a well-balanced policy of state regulation.

Trade Integration and Revealed Comparative Advantages of Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America & Caribbean Merchandise Export

This study examined the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin America & Caribbean (LAC) on the export of five merchandise subsectors (during 1995 to 2010) using the World Development Indicators database. Despite improvements observed, SSA’s and LAC’s trade share and economic integration are low. LAC has stronger RCA than SSA in export of food items though the gap in their competitiveness is not wide. The SSA region has higher RCA in export of agricultural raw materials, fuel, and ores and metals than LAC. Both regions have revealed comparative disadvantage in the export of manufactures, though lesser in LAC.