Cargo Export Research Articles

Sea Ports of Ukraine during the Russian Agression

Ukraine put the second place in the world by volume of export of all grain crops in aggregate and first in of export sunflower oil. Military russian ships are blocking shipping to Ukrainian ports. Without supplying Ukrainian agricultural products many countries of the world are faced with famine. This article takes the characteristics of seaports in Ukraine, volume, and structure of cargo handling in 2020-2021. Grain and sunflower oil put 42% of export cargo handling. The article analyzes alternative ways of distributing grain by rail, road and inland waterways. Some recommendation for problem solution is described.

한·EU 회원국 간 항공운송화물 수출입 패턴 연구

This study empirically analyzes the patterns of import and export of air cargo between Korea and EU member states. In order to understand the detailed characteristics of the air transport sector, the amount of trade was analyzed by dividing it into exports, imports, and trades. As a result of the analysis, in terms of exports, imports, and trade, both EU member states

Loss of ARL13 impedes BBSome-dependent cargo export from Chlamydomonas cilia.

The GTPase Arl13b participates in ciliary protein transport, but its contribution to intraflagellar transport (IFT), the main motor-based protein shuttle of cilia, remains largely unknown. Chlamydomonas arl13 mutant cilia were characterized by both abnormal reduction and accumulation of select membrane-associated proteins. With respect to the latter, a similar set of proteins including phospholipase D (PLD) also accumulated in BBSome-deficient cilia. IFT and BBSome traffic were apparently normal in arl13. However, transport of PLD, which in control cells moves by BBSome-dependent IFT, was impaired in arl13, causing PLD to accumulate in cilia. ARL13 only rarely and transiently traveled by IFT, indicating that it is not a co-migrating adapter securing PLD to IFT trains. In conclusion, the loss of Chlamydomonas ARL13 impedes BBSome-dependent protein transport, resulting in overlapping biochemical defects in arl13 and bbs mutant cilia.

Optimization of the Export Structure in Transport Companies: A Case Study

With the increasing complexity of economic systems caused by the intensification of European integration processes and the general globalisation trend, the problems of ensuring the optimal operation of transport companies are becoming especially important. Given these facts, the article's purpose is to develop and test a structural modelling algorithm based on the system state indicator (entropy of the structure of the export freight system). Research methods used in the article include: statistical (structure and dynamics analysis), systematisation and comparison, system analysis methods (entropy characteristics), and mathematical programming methods. The mathematical formulation of problems involves studying structural uncertainty due to the synergistic influence of interconnected structures. As a result of the optimisation calculations, the entropy index decreased as a consequence of the optimisation of the studied structures of export cargo. The study results using structural-dynamic modelling provide an opportunity to determine benchmarks for optimising the structure of export transportation. Therefore, they can act as indicators in the relevant field to substantiate the performance of large transport and logistics companies. The use of such approaches will help improve cooperation on a shared basis between Ukraine and the countries of Central Europe.Implications for Central European audience: first of all, the algorithm of structural modelling containing stages is offered (structural-dynamic analysis; systematisation of the reasons that led to structural changes; mathematical formulation of the optimisation problem; numerical solution of the problem; interpretation of results and development of recommendations) as the theoretical contribution. Moreover, it has prospects for implementation by European transport companies, as the strategic partners of Ukraine in the field of rail freight are the Central Europe countries. In turn, practical implications include: to test the proposed model, the process of forming the structure of export freight JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia" as a partner of big Central European export companies was chosen as the object of study.

Ретроспективный анализ развития морских портов СССР (1946–1955 гг.). Часть I

The main regularities of the post-war recovery and growth of the cargo turnover of the Soviet commercial seaports in 1946-1955 are determined. The analysis of the dynamics of the cargo turnover of the ports of the USSR, the ports of Great Britain, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, France and the USA for 1946-1955, 1928-1955, 1913-1955 is carried out, a quantitative assessment is given of the recovery rate of the cargo turnover of their seaports after the Second World War. A comparison is made of the decrease in the cargo turnover of Soviet ports as a result of the Civil, First and Second World Wars. The dynamics of the volume and cost of transshipment of export and import cargoes in seaports and foreign trade cargo turnover of the USSR has been studied. An analysis was made of the growth rates of the cargo turnover of seaports in comparison with the growth rates of the volume of transportation by rail and inland water transport, the volume of production of industries, the products of which formed the basis of the cargo base of maritime transport. The dynamics of the cargo turnover of ports by sea basins is studied, a quantitative assessment is given of the growth in the cargo turnover of sea basins due to ports in the annexed territories based on the results of the Second World War. The cargo turnover of the largest ports of the Baltic basin in the first half of the 20th century is studied. The dynamics of cargo turnover of seaports by types of cargo has been studied. A decrease in the share of oil transshipment due to the development of a new oil-producing region and the development of pipeline transport has been revealed. The dynamics of port cargo turnover by types of navigation has been studied. An increase in the transshipment of imported cargo due to trophy cargo and war reparations was revealed. There has been analyzed the volume, cost and transportation length of the goods from Germany, Hungary, Romania and Finland on account of reparations.

Abstract 853: The biological role and mechanisms of XPO1 R749Q mutation in colon cancer

Abstract Exportin-1 (XPO1) is known to be overexpressed or mutated in several cancer types. XPO1 is the target of selinexor, which has received approval in hematologic cancers but not in solid tumors. We recently performed a large-scale genomic analysis of 42,793 patients with cancer spanning 322 cancer types (Taylor et. al. Cancer Discovery 2019). We identified a highly statistically significant hotspot mutation in XPO1 R749Q occurring mainly in colorectal cancer patients. We have generated 2 different isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines bearing the XPO1 R749Q mutation (HCT116 and LS174T) using CRISPR-CAS9. We observed that in vitro and in vivo, these cell lines did not reveal a role for XPO1 R749Q on cell growth and proliferation. A chemical compound library screen of >200 FDA-approved cancer therapies revealed a strong therapeutic resistance of XPO1 R749Q cells relative to wildtype (XPO1 WT) cells, specifically to chemotherapies used in the treatment of colon cancer. However, XPO1 R749Q remained sensitive to inhibition with the selective XPO1 inhibitor selinexor. Mass spectrometry analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractionated proteins revealed XPO1 R749Q mutant cells had increased export of proteins from the nucleus compared to XPO1 WT cells. Upon ionizing radiation or chemotherapy, XPO1 R749Q cells had less DNA damage as measured by comet assay and γ-H2Ax immunofluorescence. XPO1 R749Q cells are resistant to chemotherapy but respond to selinexor in vitro. Selinexor effectively blocked nuclear export of canonical cargoes of XPO1 in XPO1 R749Q and XPO1 WT cells. The combination of selinexor and irinotecan showed high levels of synergy in vitro. In vivo observations in mice xenografted with XPO1 R749Q mutant HCT116 cells showed moderate tumor response to selinexor or irinotecan monotherapies but prolonged tumor responses to combination therapy. Single-cell intracellular signaling protein analysis using the Isoplexis platform discovered increased mTOR signaling in the XPO1 R749Q vs. WT cells. Western blot validation confirmed increased mTOR signaling in XPO1 R749Q mutants. In conclusion, our current study sheds novel insights into therapeutic targeting of cancers where XPO1 mutations occur, such as colorectal cancer. Specifically, these mutations confer resistance to DNA-damaging therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation; however, they may predict for sensitivity to targeted agents such as XPO1 inhibition. We have generated unique genetic models for study of XPO1 that are currently lacking. Our study established the biological and mechanistic consequences of XPO1 R749Q mutations in cancer, thereby having a significant positive impact on the treatments of patients with cancer. Further work is ongoing for the identification of cargo proteins transported by mutated XPO1 that connect the effects of XPO1 R749Q mutation on nuclear export to response to DNA damage, mTOR signaling and XPO1 inhibition in tumors in vitro and in vivo. Citation Format: Tulasigeri M. Totiger, Monika Chojnacka, Jumana Afaghani, Sana Chaudhry, Skye Montoya, Maurizio Affer, Justin Taylor. The biological role and mechanisms of XPO1 R749Q mutation in colon cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 853.

PERANCANGAN TATA KELOLA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK COBIT 2019 PADA PT JWT GLOBAL LOGISTICS INDONESIA

PT JWT Global Logistics Indonesia is company in logistic field (cargo services, freight forwarding, export and import). Utilization of information technology in this company has not fully played a role in achieving company goals. Therefore, the design of information technology governance using COBIT 2019 framework to overcome these problems. This research starts from literature study and reach out the problem at PT JWT Global Logistics Indonesia. The next step is using COBIT 2019 framework that is understand the enterprise context and strategy, determine the initial scope of the governance system, refine the scope of the governance system, and conclude the governance system design which results in governance design in the form of value for 40 core models. COBIT 2019 measures each core model with design factor toolkit. Each design factor contains a statement that is tailored to the enterprise’s condition. Core model which has target of capability level of 4 is APO03 Managed Enterprise Architecture, APO12 Managed Risk, BAI06 Managed IT Changes and DSS01 Managed Operations.

Inhibition of XPO-1 Mediated Nuclear Export through the Michael-Acceptor Character of Chalcones.

The nuclear export receptor exportin-1 (XPO1, CRM1) mediates the nuclear export of proteins that contain a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) towards the cytoplasm. XPO1 is considered a relevant target in different human diseases, particularly in hematological malignancies, tumor resistance, inflammation, neurodegeneration and viral infections. Thus, its pharmacological inhibition is of significant therapeutic interest. The best inhibitors described so far (leptomycin B and SINE compounds) interact with XPO1 through a covalent interaction with Cys528 located in the NES-binding cleft of XPO1. Based on the well-established feature of chalcone derivatives to react with thiol groups via hetero-Michael addition reactions, we have synthesized two series of chalcones. Their capacity to react with thiol groups was tested by incubation with GSH to afford the hetero-Michael adducts that evolved backwards to the initial chalcone through a retro-Michael reaction, supporting that the covalent interaction with thiols could be reversible. The chalcone derivatives were evaluated in antiproliferative assays against a panel of cancer cell lines and as XPO1 inhibitors, and a good correlation was observed with the results obtained in both assays. Moreover, no inhibition of the cargo export was observed when the two prototype chalcones 9 and 10 were tested against a XPO1-mutated Jurkat cell line (XPO1C528S), highlighting the importance of the Cys at the NES-binding cleft for inhibition. Finally, their interaction at the molecular level at the NES-binding cleft was studied by applying the computational tool CovDock.

TANGO1 marshals the early secretory pathway for cargo export.

TANGO1 protein facilitates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export of large cargoes that cannot be accommodated in 60nm transport vesicles. It assembles into a ring in the plane of the ER membrane to create a distinct domain. Its lumenal portion collects and sorts folded cargoes while its cytoplasmic domains collar COPII coats, recruit retrograde COPI-coated membranes that fuse within the TANGO1 ring, thus opening a tunnel for cargo transfer from the ER into a growing export conduit. This mode of cargo transfer bypasses the need for vesicular intermediates and is used to export the most abundant and bulky cargoes. The evolution of TANGO1 and its activities defines the difference between yeast and animal early secretory pathways.

Murine SEC24D can substitute functionally for SEC24C during embryonic development

The COPII component SEC24 mediates the recruitment of transmembrane cargos or cargo adaptors into newly forming COPII vesicles on the ER membrane. Mammalian genomes encode four Sec24 paralogs (Sec24a-d), with two subfamilies based on sequence homology (SEC24A/B and C/D), though little is known about their comparative functions and cargo-specificities. Complete deficiency for Sec24d results in very early embryonic lethality in mice (before the 8 cell stage), with later embryonic lethality (E7.5) observed in Sec24c null mice. To test the potential overlap in function between SEC24C/D, we employed dual recombinase mediated cassette exchange to generate a Sec24cc-d allele, in which the C-terminal 90% of SEC24C has been replaced by SEC24D coding sequence. In contrast to the embryonic lethality at E7.5 of SEC24C-deficiency, Sec24cc-d/c-d pups survive to term, though dying shortly after birth. Sec24cc-d/c-d pups are smaller in size, but exhibit no other obvious developmental abnormality by pathologic evaluation. These results suggest that tissue-specific and/or stage-specific expression of the Sec24c/d genes rather than differences in cargo export function explain the early embryonic requirements for SEC24C and SEC24D.

An online gathering about the latest on molecular membrane biology

An online gathering about the latest on molecular membrane biology

A general role for TANGO1, encoded by MIA3, in secretory pathway organization and function.

ABSTRACTComplex machinery is required to drive secretory cargo export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is an essential process in eukaryotic cells. In vertebrates, the MIA3 gene encodes two major forms of transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO1S and TANGO1L), which have previously been implicated in selective trafficking of procollagen. Using genome engineering of human cells, light microscopy, secretion assays, genomics and proteomics, we show that disruption of the longer form, TANGO1L, results in relatively minor defects in secretory pathway organization and function, including having limited impacts on procollagen secretion. In contrast, loss of both long and short forms results in major defects in cell organization and secretion. These include a failure to maintain the localization of ERGIC53 (also known as LMAN1) and SURF4 to the ER–Golgi intermediate compartment and dramatic changes to the ultrastructure of the ER–Golgi interface. Disruption of TANGO1 causes significant changes in early secretory pathway gene and protein expression, and impairs secretion not only of large proteins, but of all types of secretory cargo, including small soluble proteins. Our data support a general role for MIA3/TANGO1 in maintaining secretory pathway structure and function in vertebrate cells.

Differences in Extracellular Vesicle Protein Cargo Are Dependent on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell of Origin and Human Papillomavirus Status.

Simple SummaryMany individuals with head and neck cancer do not survive, even with intense treatment. Patients with HPV-positive tumors generally have better survival; however, for yet unknown reasons, a subset are unresponsive to therapy. One strategy to monitor cancers for progression and recurrence is evaluation of extracellular vesicles, released by tumor cells into the blood and other body fluids. We can also understand differences in tumors and their behavior by comparing the molecules packaged into vesicles that are released from tumor cells. Our study examined differences in the proteins contained within extracellular vesicles released from head and neck cancer cells. We found that key extracellular vesicle proteins differed based on HPV status of the originating cell line and tumor, as well as how responsive the originating tumor was to treatment. Our findings suggest that these extracellular vesicle proteins may be important markers for continued investigation.To identify potential extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we evaluated EV protein cargo and whole cell lysates (WCL) from HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC cell lines, as well as normal oral keratinocytes and HPV16-transformed cells. EVs were isolated from serum-depleted, conditioned cell culture media by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation/ultracentrifugation. EV and WCL preparations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Candidate proteins detected at significantly higher levels in EV compared with WCL, or compared with EV from normal oral keratinocytes, were identified and confirmed by Wes Simple Western protein analysis. Our findings suggest that these proteins may be potential HNSCC EV markers as proteins that may be (1) selectively included in EV cargo for export from the cell as a strategy for metastasis, tumor cell survival, or modification of tumor microenvironment, or (2) representative of originating cell composition, which may be developed for diagnostic or prognostic use in clinical liquid biopsy applications. This work demonstrates that our method can be used to reliably detect EV proteins from HNSCC, normal keratinocyte, and transformed cell lines. Furthermore, this work has identified HNSCC EV protein candidates for continued evaluation, specifically tenascin-C, HLA-A, E-cadherin, EGFR, EPHA2, and cytokeratin 19.

ANALYSIS OF EXPORT FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION OF UKRAINE IN THE RAILWAY AND SEA CONNECTION

The paper analyzes the export transportation of goods by rail and transshipment in seaports of Ukraine using the methods of mathematical statistics. At present, the export of Ukrainian goods to the countries of the world in terms of traffic exceeds imports several times and is the most dynamically developing international trade sector. Despite the unstable political and economic, and since last year also the sanitary-ecological situation in Ukraine and in the world, exports still have a stable positive dynamics among the total volumes of international traffic. The analysis of export cargo with transshipment in seaports showed that for the sixth year in a row grain cargo ranks first among others in terms of exports. On the railway the key type of cargoes in transportations in recent years also became grain which rates of transportation increase annually. The export component of international trade is also based on ferrous metals, ores, oils, chemical and mineral fertilizers, and mechanical engineering products. The total share of the export component for the EU market as Ukraine's main international trading partner increased from 27.3% in 2008 to 37.3% in 2020. Among the problems hindering the further increase in transshipment in seaports is the still underdeveloped infrastructure, despite the available opportunities to increase technical capacity, and as a result - the limited range of cargo and types of vessels for service, and the use of outdated technologies of ship handling and cargo operations in ports. Ukraine's international trade development projects include attracting investors to port infrastructure through concession tenders in seaports, introduction of private locomotive traction on railways, measures to ensure safety of navigation and maintaining the necessary depths in ports, addressing the shortage of rolling stock on railways, infrastructure development port railway stations. The application of the Fourier analysis technique to detect cyclical fluctuations in transport processes made it possible to obtain a forecast function of grain cargo volumes in certain time intervals, which can be used to develop measures to smooth out uneven traffic flows and reduce uncertainties in transport.

Switching cargo capacity to the transport hub of Ust-Luga

The purpose of the article is to assess the probability of transferring the cargo flow of the main cargo of Belarus from the Baltic ports to the railways of Russia and Russian ports in the Baltic. Using such theoretical methods of research as analysis, generalization, forecasting and hypothesizing, the main trends in the development of the railway network and Russian ports in the Baltic Sea, as well as factors affecting the likelihood of changes in the scheme of cargo flows of export cargo, are identified. Brief conclusions are made about the probability of changes in cargo traffic. In particular, it was found that such criteria as the price offered by Russian logistics companies and port operators for servicing significant volumes of Belarusian cargo, as well as the development of logistics chains, will have a significant impact on the decision of Belarus to abandon the services of Baltic ports. A study of the operational activities of the Baltic sea ports and the Lenin-grad Region suggests that they take place in a highly competitive environment and require constant work to diversify cargo flows, as well as investments to modernize the port and related railway infrastructure. The construction of the Ust-Luga railway junction has brought this junction to a leading position not only in Russia, but also in Europe. The Ust-Luga transport hub is capable of processing 20 types of cargo at 12 terminals, according to the level of technological equipment. It is assumed that when the port of Ust-Luga reaches its maximum capacity by 2024, the transit potential of Belarusian cargo will be fully provided.

The Golgi complex: a hub of the secretory pathway

The Golgi complex plays a central role in protein secretion by regulating cargo sorting and trafficking. As these processes are of functional importance to cell polarity, motility, growth, and division, there is considerable interest in achieving a comprehensive understanding of Golgi complex biology. However, the unique stack structure of this organelle has been a major hurdle to our understanding of how proteins are secreted through the Golgi apparatus. Herein, we summarize available relevant research to gain an understanding of protein secretion via the Golgi complex. This includes the molecular mechanisms of intra-Golgi trafficking and cargo export in the trans-Golgi network. Moreover, we review recent insights on signaling pathways regulated by the Golgi complex and their physiological significance.

PCID2 Impacts Centrosome Duplication by Regulating the Nuclear Export of BARD1 mRNA in Breast Cancer Cells

The nuclear export of proteins and other macromolecules out of the nucleus to different intracellular locations is a significant and crucial function of the cell that affects cellular processes such as DNA synthesis, RNA transcription, protein processing, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Chromosome region maintenance (CRM1) is the major export receptor within the cell, regulating the localization of most proteins. One nuclear export cargo of CRM1 is BARD1, which dimerizes with BRCA1 to regulate DNA repair in the nucleus, while the pair also function in the cytoplasm as negative regulators of centrosome amplification during cell cycle. Despite cooperation at both of these locations BARD1 and BRCA1 are independently exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Our laboratory is interested characterizing the protein PCID2, which is involved in CRM1-mediated protein export and localizes to the centrosome, where it potentially regulates centrosome duplication. We previously demonstrated that PCID2 helps mediate CRM1 dependent export of BRCA1 from the nucleus to the centrosome in Hs578T Breast Cancer cells. The present work aims to determine the role of PCID2 in BARD1 nuclear export and localization in these same cells. PCID2 siRNA knockdowns were used and confirmed via western blot, and BARD1 localization was viewed via immunofluorescence. PCID2 knockdown caused a twenty percent decrease in BARD1 protein in the nucleus and a thirty percent decrease in BARD1 protein at the centrosome. The loss of BARD1 at centrosomes was tied to a fifteen percent increase in Hs578T cells demonstrating excess centrosomes duplication. The loss of BARD1 at both locations in the absence of PCID2 suggests this protein is not involved in the CRM1 mediated export of BARD1 protein from nucleus to centrosomes, and instead changes in cellular localization of BARD1 may be due to an observed 50% decrease in total BARD1 protein with PCID2 knockdown. Interestingly, PCID2 is also a part of the TREX-2 mRNA nuclear export complex; therefore loss of PCID2 may have instead impacted the nuclear export, and translation of BARD1 mRNA. Indeed, PCID2 siRNA knockdown led to a two-fold increase in nuclear BARD1 mRNA as observed by in situ hybridization. Nuclear accumulation of BARD1 mRNA likely contributed the overall decrease in BARD1 expression. The correlation between loss of PCID2 and centrosome amplification suggests PCID2 plays impacts centrosome duplication by regulating both BARD1 mRNA export and BRCA1 protein export; with the loss of PCID2 creating an overall decrease in these negative regulators at the centrosome. Understanding PCID2’s effect on centrosome duplication helps to determine it's impact on cell cycle regulation and define it's potential role as tumor suppressor in Breast Cancer.

Export Behavior Analysis of Air Cargo Using Error-Correction Model, Rolling Regression and Variance Decomposition

Purpose - We analyze the long-run and short-run relationship between air cargo export and its determinants, foreign industrial production and nominal effective exchange rate and clarify the export behavior of air cargo. Design/Methodology/Approach - This paper employs cointegration techniue, error correction model, rolling regression and forecast error variance decomposition. The analysis is based on monthly data for the nominal effective exchange rates, sectoral export values and foreign industrial production over the period from January 2000 to October 2020. Sectoral trade statistics used in this paper are taken from the Korea International Trade Association database for 4 three digit Ministry of Trade and Investment items. Findings - We show that all the variables are non-stationary at levels but become stationary after first differencing, so it is needed to find whether the variables are cointegrated. The cointegration test ensures the presence of a long-run relationship between the variables. The error correction terms for MTI8311, MTI8138, MTI8361 and MTI8128, which are 0.055, 0.198, 0.114 and 0.107, respectively, are negative and significant. The rolling regression indicates that the influence of exchange rate and foreign income on the four air cargo export products dwindles very quickly and the variance decomposition confirms that exports are very exogenous to exchange rate and foreign income Research Implications - The finding that the export growth adjusts toward its long-run about 20% and 6% of this adjustment indicates that if the export is exposed to a shock, it will converge or diverge to long-run equilibrium at a tolerable pace. The empirical results of the variance decomposition suggests that economic variables such as exchange rate and foreign income do not exert any strong influence on air transport export.

COPII collar defines the boundary between ER and ER exit site and does not coat cargo containers.

COPII and COPI mediate the formation of membrane vesicles translocating in opposite directions within the secretory pathway. Live-cell and electron microscopy revealed a novel mode of function for COPII during cargo export from the ER. COPII is recruited to membranes defining the boundary between the ER and ER exit sites, facilitating selective cargo concentration. Using direct observation of living cells, we monitored cargo selection processes, accumulation, and fission of COPII-free ERES membranes. CRISPR/Cas12a tagging, the RUSH system, and pharmaceutical and genetic perturbations of ER-Golgi transport demonstrated that the COPII coat remains bound to the ER-ERES boundary during protein export. Manipulation of the cargo-binding domain in COPII Sec24B prohibits cargo accumulation in ERES. These findings suggest a role for COPII in selecting and concentrating exported cargo rather than coating Golgi-bound carriers. These findings transform our understanding of coat proteins' role in ER-to-Golgi transport.

Tunnels for Protein Export from the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

The functions of coat protein complex II (COPII) coats in cargo packaging and the creation of vesicles at the endoplasmic reticulum are conserved in eukaryotic protein secretion. Standard COPII vesicles, however, cannot handle the secretion of metazoan-specific cargoes such as procollagens, apolipoproteins, and mucins. Metazoans have thus evolved modules centered on proteins like TANGO1 (transport and Golgi organization 1) to engage COPII coats and early secretory pathway membranes to engineer a novel mode of cargo export at the endoplasmic reticulum.