Explosive Forming Research Articles

New nonlinear periodic, solitonic, dissipative waveforms for modified-Kadomstev-Petviashvili-equation in nonthermal positron plasma

The positron nonthermality contributions on nonlinear wave aspects of periodic solitary, shocklikes, rational, and explosive waves which exists for the critical features depicted by modified KP equation in earths space of regions D and F ionic plasma pairs with nonthermal fast positrons have been studied. Furthermore, the derived solutions have been disclosed that hyperbolic, periodic, trigonometric, rational and explosive forms may be usable in plasma of ionosphere. This technique is sound in the fluid flow models. To explore the nonthermal effects on the nonlinear properties in this physical mode, the modified KP equation has been examined mathematically with the method of Riccati-Bernoulli (RB) sub-ODE. The obtained forms may leading realizations in the ionosphere fluids investigations and observations.

Preparation of Cellulose/CL-20 Composite Energetic Aerogels by Crystal Growth of CL-20 in Cellulose Solution

Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is one of the most powerful high-energy explosives, used in the form of composite explosives due to its high mechanical sensitivity and the presence of crystal...

VIZAG GAS LEAK- A CASE STUDY ON THE UNCONTROLLED STYRENE VAPOUR RELEASE FOR THE FIRST TIME IN INDIA

Industrial emergencies involving hazardous chemicals are not uncommon in India. During the last several decades there has been a growing awareness of the expanding risks and consequences of major industrial disasters. Industrial hazards can occur at any stage in the production process, including extraction, processing, manufacture, transportation, storage, use, and disposal. Losses generally involve the release of damaging substances (e.g. chemicals, radioacvity) or damaging levels of energy from industrial facilities or equipment into surrounding environments. This usually occurs in the form of explosions, fires, spills, leaks, or wastes. In a recent occurrence on the wee hours of 7th May 2020, an accident of uncontrolled release of Styrene vapor occurred at LG Polymers India Pvt. Ltd. (LG Polymers) in RR Venkatapuram Village, Visakhapatnam from one of the Styrene storage tanks. The hazardous Styrene vapors spread beyond the factory premises, affecting the populace of five villages / habitations. The officials from the District administration along with Police Department, GVMC, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and local people rushed to the spot for rescue operations. However, the grave accident led to 12 citizens losing their lives and 585 citizens being hospitalized. In this regard let’s take a brief look into the causes of the accident which led to this grave mishap. KEYWORDS: Vizag gas leak, styrene vapour, MSIHC 1989, Pre-Startup Safety Review (PSSR), Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS), Process safety management.

Research on the Penetrator Characteristics and Flight Stability of Explosively Formed Penetrator

Research on the Penetrator Characteristics and Flight Stability of Explosively Formed Penetrator

New Soliton Applications in Earth's Magnetotail Plasma at Critical Densities

The mathematical new plasma wave solutions are specified in the compose of trigonometric, rational, hyperbolic, periosic and explosive kinds that are realistic for MKP equation. Also, numeral studies for the acquired solutions have been reveals that periodic, shock and explosive new forms may applicable in layer of Earth's magnetotail plasma. The used method is influential and robust in comparison applications in plasma fluids. To depict the propagating soliton profiles in plasma medium, it is needful to solve MKP equation at critical densities. The Riccati-Bernoulli sub-ODE technique has been utilized to introduce some new important and applicable solutions. Number of the these MKP solutions give a leading deed in applied electron acoustics in magnetotail

Penetration of annular and general jets into underwater plates

Underwater structures can be seriously damaged by a metal jet associated with underwater explosion. Three main modes—Shaped Charge Jet, Jetting Projectile Charge and Explosive Formed Projectile—are included for traditional metal jets. Compared with the traditional ones, an annular jet may cause more serious damage into a target. Hence, a comparison for the entire process of annular and general jets penetration into underwater plates was analysed in this paper. Since Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method has advantages of solving problems of large deformations, a modified scheme for approximating kernel gradient is used in simulation of processes of shaped charge detonation, jet formation and its penetration into underwater plates. An SPH model of an annular jet penetration into a steel target was first developed, and its numerical results were compared with experimental data. Then, models of annular and general jets associated with underwater explosion penetrating a plate were built. After that, the wave propagation in the detonation process and the formation of annular and general jets were analysed. Finally, damage characteristics of plates subjected to these two metal jets were compared.

Clinical Characteristics of Acne Fulminans Associated With Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis in Pediatric Patients.

Acne fulminans (AF) is a rare, explosive systemic form of acne. Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) or chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a primarily pediatric autoinflammatory disorder characterized by sterile osteolytic bone lesions. Concomitant occurrence of CNO/CRMO and AF is very rare, and little is known about the epidemiological and clinical particularities of this association. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to describe the characteristics of pediatric patients with CNO/CRMO associated to AF. Electronic mailing lists of French medical societies were used to call for patients with CNO/CRMO and AF. A search for published patients with CNO/CRMO and AF was performed by screening PubMed. We identified 5 original patients and 10 patients from the literature. All patients were adolescent boys. Mean age at disease onset was 14.8 years. Nine of 15 patients had received isotretinoin before the sudden onset of AF. Osteoarticular symptoms appeared within < 1-3 months after the onset of AF. The mean numbers of clinical and radiological bone lesions were 3.6 and 5.6, respectively. The percentages of patients with involvement of vertebrae, pelvis, chest, and cranial were 40%, 40%, 33.3%, and 6.6%, respectively. Arthritis was observed in 69.2% of patients and sacroiliac arthritis in 46.2%. CNO/CRMO associated to AF occurs predominantly in male adolescents and is characterized by frequent involvement of the axial skeleton and arthritis. Epidemiological and clinical features of these patients differ from general CNO/CRMO cohorts. Clinical management requires careful handling of isotretinoin doses.

Penyapihan Dini, Toilet Training dan Pola Asuh serta Pengaruhnya pada Temper Tantrum

Background: Child development includes physical, psychological and social aspects. The imbalance stimulation provided by parents could develop temper tantrum of child as a form of emotional explosion. The influence factors of tantrum among children are early weaning, improper toilet training, and the way of parenting in tantrum. This study aims to examine factors influence on temper tantrum among pre-school children. Method: This is descriptive analytical study with case control design. The number of case sample which selected from mothers who have tantrum pre-school child was 42 mothers and 42 control sample were also selected from mothers who have no tantrum child. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square) and multivariate using logistic regression to examine the most influenced factors.Results: The study shows that early weaning, toilet training and parenting method were significantly influence on temper tantrum of pre-school children. The most influential variable was the parenting method with OR 9,09 and p-value 0,021. It means negative parenting method 9 times higher influence on tantrum temper behavior among children compared to positive parenting method. It is suggested that parenting method should emphasize more in educative and discipline including responsibility aspects.

The Most Sustainable Niche Principles of Social Media Education in A Higher Education Contracting Era

In view of recent higher education contracting because of a declining birth rate and an explosive forming of technology, this research systematically cross-employed a technology acceptance model (TAM) and rational decision-making model (RDM) methodology to discuss from an interdisciplinary perspective the co-relationships between the assessed criteria and evaluated weights of four famous and accredited World University Rankings, the most promising features of massive open online courses (MOOCs), and the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of university social responsibility (USR) principles based on students’, faculties’ and government officers’ interviewee appraised perspectives. Statistically, the weight-questionnaires of random students and professional experts were cross-measured by a factor analysis (FA) of quantitative analysis and an analytical network process (ANP) method of qualitative analysis. As a result, the aggregation technology function (ATF) is the most sustainable niche principle of social media education, not only fulfilling the Making Education More Equitable (MEME), Diminishing Poverty (DP), and Making Gender More Equality (MGME) initiatives of the institution’s USR principles but also increasing the Industry Income (II) of the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings in order to attract, trigger, and drive the students to make a decision to sincerely register in institutions in a higher education contracting era.

Активизация вулкана Эбеко в мае–июле 2020 г. (о. Парамушир, Северные Курилы)

The Ebeko volcano located in the northern part of Paramushir Island (Northern Kuril Islands), is currently the most active volcano of the Kuril Island arc: since 2016, next explosive eruption has continued, proceeding in the form of regular ash-gas explosions of moderate force. In the period from January 2018 to October of 2020 a total of at least 1834 emissions were recorded (during daylight hours and under good weather conditions). In May–July 2020, the intensification of the eruptive activity of the volcano was observed, that manifested in a sharp increase of the emissions frequency and height. During this period, 296 emissions were recorded, 90 of which were at an altitude of 3 km or more.

Nonlinearity contributions on critical MKP equation

The mathematical new plasma wave solutions are specified in the compose of trigonometric, rational, hyperbolic, periodic and explosive kinds that are realistic for Modified-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (MKP) equation. Also, numeral studies for the acquired solutions have been reveals that periodic, shock and explosive new forms may applicable in D-F Earth's ionosphere plasma. The used method is influential and robust in comparison applications in plasma fluids. To depict the propagating soliton profiles in a plasma medium, it is needful to solve MKP equation at a critical mass ratio. The Riccati–Bernoulli sub-ODE technique has been utilized to introduce some new important and applicable solutions. The number of these MKP solutions give a leading deed in applied ion acoustics in ionosphere.

Study of Shape and Microstructure Changes of Ta Linear for Building an Explosively Formed Penetrator

Study of Shape and Microstructure Changes of Ta Linear for Building an Explosively Formed Penetrator

The combustion of polyolefins in inert and catalytic fluidised beds

Abstract The thermal degradation of polyethylene and polypropylene were performed in three types of fluidised bed consisting of sand, inert hollow microspheres (cenospheres) with a density of 3 , or the same cenospheres covered with Fe 2 O 3 . For the first time, the cenospheres were proposed as material of fluidised bed that allowed the immersion of polymeric material. With regard to combustion, this is organised inside a fluidised bed reactor consisting of sand as the bed material; the combustion of polyolefins occurs in the freeboard with considerable soot formation. Based on acoustic and video analyses, it was proven that the combustion of polyolefins in the cenospheric fluidised bed reactor occurs inside the fluidised bed. It takes the form of explosions in the bubbles or takes place in the emulsion phase. In the cenospheric fluidised bed, a 97–99% yield of polyolefin conversion can be achieved at 800 °C. Catalytic combustion in the fluidised bed reactor was also proposed, for this, catalytic bed material was prepared by chemical Fe 2 O 3 deposition on the cenospheres. As precursor Fe(CO) 5 was used. As a consequence of changing the non-catalytic fluidised bed into a catalytic bed, conversion to CO 2 increased from 57-59% to 80–85% at temperatures as low as 500 °C. Furthermore, at 800 o C–900 °C, the CO 2 yield increased from 97-99% to 98–99%, these small differences caused the CO concentration in the catalytic process to be 2–4 times lower than in the case of the process conducted in the inert fluidised bed. The use of a catalytic bed led to the complete elimination of explosions, thus it is safer and also leads to lower NO X emissions. Based on experimental data, NOx concentration did not exceed 6 mg in a cubic metre of dry exhaust gases containing 11% vol. O 2 at all tested temperatures (500–900 °C).

Editorial

Editorial

Impact of Overemphasis of Technology on Information Literacy Program: A Study

The Literature on Information Literacy often assume that there is some inherent relation between Information Literacy and Information Technology and the concept of information literacy has been developed to meet the challenges generated by Information Technology in the form of Information Explosion. Such assumption also reflected in Information Literacy programs which are offered in the academic institutions. This paper argues that the concept of Information Literacy has been in use before the Information Explosion and it should be treated as an ability to understand the intricacies of information, as a tool for lifelong learning and a skill to use information effectively rather than giving more emphasis on technology,which can only make a computer literate who may be expert in using computer, but may not be able to evaluate and use the available information effectively.

Effect of Explosive Reactive Armour Cover Plate on Interaction of ERA and Explosively Formed Projectile

Explosive reactive armour (ERA) is used to protect the armoured vehicles against chemical energy warheads and long‐rod penetrators. ERA generally consists of an ERA sandwich and an outer steel cover to protect it from unintended initiation. Explosively formed projectiles (EFPs) are used as antiarmour warheads, and their use in top attack antiarmour weapons is increasing. Interaction of EFP with the ERA sandwich alone has been studied in the past. This paper studies the effect of the cover plate and its thickness on the interaction of the EFP and the ERA sandwich. Numerical simulations and experiments have been used to study the interaction. It has been found that the penetration in the target is reduced as the thickness of the cover plate increases. Moreover, the decrease in penetration is directly proportional to the thickness of the cover plate. Also it has been found that the residual EFP after penetrating the cover plate has sufficient energy to initiate the ERA sandwich. The results of the numerical simulation and the experiments are in close agreement.

Determination of Velocity of Detonation Using Dautrich Method

Explosive forming appeared at the end of the 19th century as unconventional technology that provides new methods to get workpieces with bigger dimensions and complex geometries. As a source of energy this technology uses explosives. Explosive, as such, is relatively inexpensive and theoretically with it, it is possible to get any amount of energy that is needed. Explosive forming is used with other technologies such as deep drawing, expansion of pipes, welding etc. One of the main explosive characteristics is the velocity of detonation that can be determined, inter alia, with the Dautrich method. This paper clarifies the method and gives a case study with explosive Vitezit 20.

Mechanical Characterization of Welded API X70 Steel Exposed to Air and Seawater: A review

A review of the mechanical characterization carried out on welded API X70 steel, and other related steels are presented in this paper. The major problems facing pipeline network are failures demonstrated in form of leaks, ageing, ruptures and explosions. However, corrosion-induced failure also occurs in pipelines that are installed in harsh environments such as seawater. The research works under review considered the welded joints of the API X70 pipelines to be a more critical region than the base metal. The mechanical properties of the welds examined include tensile strength, hardness, and Charpy impact absorbed energy. The experimental methods used to characterize the work that are reviewed include scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and ThermoARL optical emission spectroscopic analysis. Welding technique such as submerged arc welding (SAW) and Manual metal arc (MMA) and parameters used in producing welds are also discussed briefly. Discussion of seawater environment is also presented. It is important to mention that most of the works reported in the literature are those that considered weldments that are exposed to ambient air while just a few considered welds exposed to the corrosive environment such as seawater. Therefore, this review concludes with the need for more research to determine more empirical data on the effect of seawater on mechanical properties of welded API X70.

Metallographic analysis of piercing armor plate by explosively formed projectiles

This work discusses the impact consequences of Explosively Formed Projectiles (EFP) on the process of armor penetration. Based on the example of piercing shields made of armor steel ARMOX 370T with anti-vehicle mine of MPB type to verify the effectiveness of EFP charge. The influence of the projectile on the armor wall was analyzed on the basis of metallographic examination of the material from the armor, its plastic deformation and the change in the structure of the material within the shock influence area. As a result of the slug projectile impact on the armor surface a crater as a hole was formed with a diameter of approx. 105–120 mm, with noticeable traces of dynamic plastic deformation which occur at high speeds and high temperatures. In addition, microstructure analysis of the mines liner was performed, as in before and after piercing based on the analysis of EDS for phase precipitates identification.

Anti-American Movements in Indonesia as Presented in Indonesian Online Media News: Violence Against American Cultural Symbols in Response to the “War On Terror”

This article aims to explain the impact of George W. Bush’s War on Terror policy toward the direction of anti-American violence movements committed by Muslim groups in Indonesia. The data were collected from factual news presented in three online news sites: www.detik.com, tempointeraktif.com and kompas.com, during 2000-2009, reporting series of violence movement in Indonesia. It is a media studies research employing: (i) socio-cultural approach to see the social condition and cultural values of the muslim-dominated Indonesian society which has long been colored by American cultural influence, (ii) historical approach to trace the radical movement in Indonesia and to understand what War on terror is, and (iii) Kroes’ theory on Americanization and American cultural influence to understand the presence of American cultural symbols in Indonesia. The findings show that American foreign policy of Bush’s War on terror had changed the direction of violence in Indonesia from anti-Christianity movements to anti-American movements. There are three levels of violence conducted by different Muslim groups in Indonesia. Deadly violence attacks in the form of bomb explosions were done by a radical group of Jema’ah Islamiyah connected to AlQaeda network. Expelling foreigners were done by organized Muslim militas like Front Pembela Islam (Islam Defenders Front) and Laskar Jihad. Burning American flag and sealing American fastfood franchise in Indonesia, the lowest level of violence, were done by Muslim student organizations conducting demonstration. The movements are identified as responses to War on terror and the targets of the attacks are characterized as American cultural symbols. Keywords: Media studies, violence movement, American cultural symbol, anti-America, War on Terror.