Explosive Development Research Articles

Space and Human Consciousness: The Great Whisper

Human Consciousness is one of most elusive issues in the scientific history. Its nature created major historical debate started thousands of years ago and still ongoing. Despite the explosive developments in the last century to explore its nature, the knowledge about it is still deficient. The important advances in the twentieth and 21st centuries in understanding cerebral cortex dynamics fortified by the dominant materialistic approach of the era dictated its impact on consciousness science, which is perceived as sole human brain function. This original review is a call for holistic perception of human consciousness incorporating the ancient wisdom of the human civilizations with the massive current era advances in different disciplines of applied sciences. The description of René Descartes in the 17th century of the Cartesian dualism is timely to revisit with new holistic perspective, in view of the major advances of our understanding of heart brain communications, astrophysical resonances with human heart ascending afferents to central nervous system, and signaling between humans and the space. Universal vibrations, frequencies and resonances as perceived by Nikola Tesla constitute the core of our new conceptual and experimental perspective on human consciousness. Neural and psychological correlates of human consciousness which dominate the consciousness research nowadays should undergo revolutionary conceptual understanding to perceive consciousness as a massive universal event expanding from human genes to galaxies. In the next discussion, we are going to navigate in the nature and fate of human consciousness with new innovative universal perspective based on heart rate variability of human heart and its cosmic resonances as represented by Schumann Resonances, Solar Wind Indices and Galactic Cosmic Rays. The interpretation of our existential secrets and biology without the space around us is a major gap in our scientific perception of life. The delicate orchestration between human heart and the space frequencies create the great whisper which in our perspective, encodes the secrets of human consciousness.

British English-Speaking Speed 2020

It has been 30 decades since Tauroza & Allison measured the speed of British English in 1990 (Tauroza & Allisond, 1990). Has the speed of English speaking changed in this era of great development of thoughts and information explosion? Does the standard rate of oral English in EFL need to be adjusted accordingly? This paper analyses 200 speakers’ 79 corpus with a total duration of 77 hours and 58 minutes in four categories of news monologues, interviews, conversations, and academic lectures in the UK from 2020 to February, 2021, and calculates the speech rate of contemporary British English. It is found that the average speaking speed of British English has reached 198 words per minute (17% faster by 28 words) and 265 syllables per minute (10% faster by 25 syllables). Accordingly, the standard speech rate of EFL teaching should be improved.

Integrating a pedagogic course in a CPD programme for paediatricians at out-patient clinics

ABSTRACT Equipping paediatricians for the challenges of the explosive development of knowledge and specialised health care calls for a well-planned continuing professional development (CPD) strategy which updates paediatric competencies and the pedagogic skills among paediatricians. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of a pedagogic course, integrated into a CPD programme for paediatricians at out-patient clinics. The pedagogic course comprised three learning components, participation in a CPD programme, during two and a half years, a pedagogic learning module and a pedagogic assignment. The objectives of all the learning activities, including the pedagogic course, were developed according to adult learning theories. Evaluations were made using questionnaires. Seventeen paediatricians participated in the CPD programme; 13 of them completed the pedagogic learning module and six the full pedagogic course, including the pedagogic assignment – teaching at one’s own clinic. Evaluation of the pedagogic assignment at the participants’ own clinics by 64 co-workers revealed that the co-workers appreciated the training activities and would recommend them to a colleague. We conclude that it is possible to combine medical and pedagogic education in a CPD programme for paediatricians and that the participants were able to digest and apply the pedagogic principles used in the course.

Research on Construction of Regulatory Sandbox for Safety Supervision on Intelligent Connected Products

In the context of the explosive development of the global intelligent connected industry, the implementation of inclusive and prudential supervision on intelligent connected products may help to maximize the dividends of innovation-driven development strategies. As an innovation of the supervision system by government departments in the process of balancing innovation and risk, regulatory sandbox provides a forward-looking supervision mode. This paper studies and proposes the ideas for construction of China’s regulatory sandbox for safety supervision on intelligent connected products by analyzing the rise, creation and role of regulatory sandbox as well as the challenges faced in the course of safety supervision on intelligent connected products.

Handling the Cellular Complex Systems in Alzheimer's Disease Through a Graph Mining Approach.

In the last two decades, the medical sciences have changed their approach to pathogenesis as well as to the diagnosis and treatment of complex human diseases. The main reason for this change is the explosive development of biomedical technology and research, which produces a huge amount of information and data which are generated at an increasing rate. Toward this direction is the pathway analysis, a thriving research area of systems biology tools and methodologies which aim to unravel the inherent complexity of high-throughput biological data produced by the advent of omics technologies. Through this graph mining approach, we can deal with the complexity of the cellular systems of various diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this work, we developed a subpathway analysis method for single-cell RNA-seq experiments which isolates differentially expressed subpathways indicating potentially perturbed biological processes. The differential expression status of each gene is negotiated among well-established RNA-seq differential expression analysis tools in order to minimize false discoveries. Also, we demonstrate the efficacy of our method on a single-cell RNA-seq dataset for temporal tracking of microglia activation in neurodegeneration. Results suggest that our approach succeeds in isolating several perturbed biological processes known to be associated with neurodegeneration.

Development Status and Thinking of Passive Building in the Yangtze River Delta Region

Passive building is a kind of building that can use natural way to reduce energy consumption on the premise of satisfying indoor comfort. The characteristics of energy saving and emission reduction can solve the problem of energy shortage, which is the future development trend of buildings in the Yangtze River Delta region. However, the popularization of passive architecture in the Yangtze River Delta region is relatively slow in recent years. This paper analyzes its development status and influencing factors, and puts forward some suggestions to provide some reference for promoting the explosive development of passive buildings in the Yangtze River Delta region.

Stability-Based Analysis and Defense against Backdoor Attacks on Edge Computing Services

With the explosive development of mobile Internet and deep learning (DL), intelligent edge computing services based on collaborative learning are widely deployed in various application scenarios. These intelligent services include intelligent applications based on edge computing and DL-based optimization for edge computing (e.g., caching and communicating). However, in a wide variety of domains, DL has been found to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, especially architecture-independent backdoor attacks. It embeds the attack pattern into the learned model and only performs the attack when it encounters the corresponding trigger. In this article, for the first time we analyze the impact of backdoor attacks on intelligent edge computing services. The simulation results demonstrate that once one or more edge nodes implement backdoor attacks, the embedded attack pattern will rapidly expand to all relevant edge nodes, which poses huge challenges to security-sensitive intelligent edge computing services. Subsequently, we analyze the trade-off between expected performance and ability to defend against backdoor attacks, which sheds new light on designing defense mechanisms for intelligent edge computing services. To address the challenges posed by backdoor attacks, we propose a stability-based defense mechanism. The experimental results demonstrate that the newly proposed defense mechanism can effectively defend against different levels of backdoor attacks without knowing whether there are adversaries, which is conducive to the deployment of the stability-based defense mechanism in real-world scenarios.

Resolving dynamics of inertial migration in straight and curved microchannels by direct cross-sectional imaging.

The explosive development of inertial microfluidic systems for label-free sorting and isolation of cells demands improved understanding of the underlying physics that dictate the intriguing phenomenon of size-dependent migration in microchannels. Despite recent advances in the physics underlying inertial migration, migration dynamics in 3D is not fully understood. These investigations are hampered by the lack of easy access to the channel cross section. In this work, we report on a simple method of direct imaging of the channel cross section that is orthogonal to the flow direction using a common inverted microscope, providing vital information on the 3D cross-sectional migration dynamics. We use this approach to revisit particle migration in both straight and curved microchannels. In the rectangular channel, the high-resolution cross-sectional images unambiguously confirm the two-stage migration model proposed earlier. In the curved channel, we found two vertical equilibrium positions and elucidate the size-dependent vertical and horizontal migration dynamics. Based on these results, we propose a critical ratio of blockage ratio (β) to Dean number (De) where no net lateral migration occurs (β/De ∼ 0.01). This dimensionless number (β/De) predicts the direction of lateral migration (inward or outward) in curved and spiral channels, and thus serves as a guideline in design of such channels for particle and cell separation applications. Ultimately, the new approach to direct imaging of the channel cross section enables a wealth of previously unavailable information on the dynamics of inertial migration, which serves to improve our understanding of the underlying physics.

SAMNet: Stereoscopically Attentive Multi-Scale Network for Lightweight Salient Object Detection.

Recent progress on salient object detection (SOD) mostly benefits from the explosive development of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, much of the improvement comes with the larger network size and heavier computation overhead, which, in our view, is not mobile-friendly and thus difficult to deploy in practice. To promote more practical SOD systems, we introduce a novel Stereoscopically Attentive Multi-scale (SAM) module, which adopts a stereoscopic attention mechanism to adaptively fuse the features of various scales. Embarking on this module, we propose an extremely lightweight network, namely SAMNet, for SOD. Extensive experiments on popular benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed SAMNet yields comparable accuracy with state-of-the-art methods while running at a GPU speed of 343fps and a CPU speed of 5fps for 336 ×336 inputs with only 1.33M parameters. Therefore, SAMNet paves a new path towards SOD. The source code is available on the project page https://mmcheng.net/SAMNet/.

ЗВІТНІСТЬ НЕБЮДЖЕТНИХ НЕПРИБУТКОВИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ

The article attempts to structure various forms of reporting of non-budgetary non-profit organizations (financial, tax, statistical) taking into account the information needs of users. The urgency of the topic is related to the explosive development of the sector of non-governmental organizations in the economy of Ukraine and, at the same time, the fragmentary nature of research related to the formation of public reporting. It is established that taking into account the latest changes in NP(S)BO 25 “Simplified Financial Statements” non-budgetary non-profit organizations of Ukraine submit only two forms of financial statements to local statistics and fiscal services: Balance Sheet (f.№1-ms) and Report on Financial results (f.№2-ms). In this case, data on income and expenses from f.№2-ms of a non-budgetary non-profit organization must coincide with the relevant lines of the tax report on the use of income (profits), which ensures the comparability of basic indicators of financial and tax statements. The main forms of statistical statements of non-budgetary non-profit organizations are related to labor and its payment, availability and movement of non-current assets, provision of services: Labor report; Report on arrears of wages; Report on wages by professions of individual employees; Report on the availability and movement of non-current assets, depreciation and capital investments; Capital investment report; Report on the work of vehicles; Report on export-import of services. At the same time, other forms of quarterly and annual statements are distinguished, based on the specifics of non-budgetary non-profit organizations, including the Political party's report on property, income, expenses and financial liabilities, which requires audit confirmation and is submitted to the National Agency for Prevention of Corruption. Conclusions are made on the simplified reporting procedure for organizations of the third sector of the economy, provided by domestic legislation, which, at the same time, allows accountants to focus more on management accounting and maximum information support for general management, financial and project management. This highlights the relevance of further research related to the development of forms of internal management statements for the needs of Ukrainian non-budgetary non-profit organizations.

В схватке против вирусов

The late 20th century and the early 21st century have been marked by the explosive development of virology due to activation of viral infections. New mutations of the influenza virus, high incidence of persistent virus infections in humans, as well as respiratory viral diseases that have not yet been eradicated has boosted further development of this direction [1].

History, advancement, bottlenecks, and future of chiral capillary electrochromatography

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) represents a technique with less than 30 years of intense development and in this period this technique has seen huge promise, fast development, stagnation, and significant decline of innovative activity. The major goal of the present overview is not to present an extensive review of the literature on chiral CEC but to analyze the reasons for this dramatic development and attempting to answer questions such as: 1) Was the potential of CEC reasonably evaluated in 1990s before starting the explosive development in this field? 2) Did the development of this technique take the right track? 3) What other developments and competitive trends led to stagnation in the advancement of CEC? 4) Why is the activity in this field currently decreasing? 5) What are the current challenges and promises and what is the future of chiral CEC?

OUT-OF-SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF CHUVASHIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURY

The history of out-of-school education in Russia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century is part of public education aimed at educating the population on the basis of the general availability principle through a number of cultural and educational activities. In domestic historiography, the term “out-of-school education” is customarily used to designate the educational activities of public bodies and individuals which developed in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century to meet educational needs of the population. To date, present-day supplementary education is the successor of out-of-school education, which gained explosive development in post-reform period. A great contribution to the evolvement of such an educational system was made by zemstvos (county councils), municipal dumas, various organizations, churches, individuals. However, schools also contributed to the public education.
 
 On the basis of the historicism principle and analysis the article examines the problem of out-of-school educational activities performed by the educational institutions of the Chuvash region of the second half of the 19th – early 20th century through organization of various readings and lectures. Various types and subjects of readings are traced. Such forms of out-of-school education played an important role in educating and broadening the horizons of the masses and students during the period under study. Popular readings and lectures, which spread in a short time in both urban and rural environments, gave impetus for the development of the common cultural space of Chuvashia in the post-reform period. Consideration of one of the aspects of out-of-school education with the involvement of new archival documents made it possible to reveal the state of the educational and cultural level of Chuvashia of that period.

«FISSURE OF THE WORLD SYSTEM»: GLOBAL SHIFTS AND HYBRID CHALLENGES

«FISSURE OF THE WORLD SYSTEM»: GLOBAL SHIFTS AND HYBRID CHALLENGES

Preparation of Single, Heteromorphic Microspheres, and Their Progress for Medical Applications

AbstractMicrospheres applied in medical applications experience explosive development in recent years, such as drug release, cell culture, and bone tissue engineering, etc. However, there are still some bottlenecks both in economy and technology lay that cannot be ignored. For instance, microsphere technology has not been used in cell culture widely because of its uneconomical cost; as the core of drug‐loaded microsphere, targeted microsphere technology is still not mature enough. Besides, the common microsphere fabrication methods: microfluidic or emulsion technology is difficult to guarantee high biocompatibility of microsphere due to utilization of photoinitiator, crosslinking agent, surfactant, and other substances. Therefore, gas‐shearing technology has been proposed to solve these above shortcomings successfully. This paper focuses more on heteromorphic microspheres rather than on single microspheres which begins with a minute introduction of microsphere preparation methods: microfluidic, coaxial electrospray, emulsion, and gas‐shearing technology. Then its medical applications: drug release, cell culture, bone tissue engineering, and hemostasis are discussed in detail. The disadvantages of fabrication methods and bottlenecks for medical applications at present are also stated. At the end, perspectives of microsphere development are put forward.

Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of the ‘Marginalization’ of Marxist Ideology in Colleges and Universities

With the in-depth development of reform and opening-up and the explosive development of the Internet, the ideology and values of western capitalism have poured into colleges and universities. College students, as the most active group in the Internet, have been affected by the impact of different values and ideologies, and their identification with Marxist ideology is weakening, which makes the Marxist ideology in Colleges and universities face the risk of “Marginalization”.

Cotes's Spiral Vortex in Extratropical Cyclone Bomb South Atlantic Oceans

The characteristic shape of hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons is a spiral. There are several types of turns, and determining the characteristic equation of which spiral the “cyclone bomb” (CB) fits into is the goal of the work. In mathematics, a spiral is a curve which emanates from a point, moving farther away as it revolves around the point. An “explosive extratropical cyclone” is an atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when there is a very rapid drop in central atmospheric pressure. This phenomenon, with its characteristic of rapidly lowering the pressure in its interior, generates very intense winds and for this reason it is called explosive cyclone, bomb cyclone. It was determined the mathematical equation of the shape of the extratropical cyclone, being in the shape of a spiral called Cotes’s Spiral. In the case of CB, which formed in the south of the Atlantic Ocean, and passed through the south coast of Brazil in July 2020, causing great damages in several cities in the State of Santa Catarina. With gusts recorded of 116 km/h, atmospheric phenomenon – CB hit southern Brazil on June 30, the beginning of winter 2020, causing destruction in its influence over. In five hours the CB traveled a distance of 257.48 km (159.99 miles), at an average speed of 51.496 km/h (31.998 miles/h) 27.81 knots, moved towards ENE, with a low pressure center of 986 mbar, 07:20 UTC, approximate location 35oS 45oW, and 5 hours after 12:20 UTC had already grown and had a low pressure center of 972 mbar , approximate location 34oS 42o30'W.

Penningionization processes involving cold Rydberg alkali metal atoms

This paper investigates the Penning ionization (PI) processes in cold gas media of alkali atoms. The PI autoionization widths of atomic pairs show a drastic dependence (by orders of magnitude) on the orbital quantum numbers of Rydberg atoms involved in a long-range dipole-dipole interaction. The nontrivial dependence of the PI efficiency on the size of colliding particles was considered, with a particular accent to the applications in the research of cold matter created in the experiments with magneto-optical traps. We have analytically described the optimal, highly asymmetric configurations of atomic Rydberg pairs, which lead to an explosive intensification (by several orders of magnitude) of a free-electron escaping due to PI. The excited states of atoms in the optimal pairs turn out to have a strong difference in atomic shell sizes. The optimal pairs’ properties may be favorable for the generation of primary (seeding) charged particles when a cold Rydberg medium evolves into a cold plasma. Within the framework of the semiclassical approach, we have obtained universal analytical formulas containing two adjustable parameters and present here their values in tabulated form, which allows estimating the PI rate constants for various pairs of alkali metal atoms.

CRSIPR/Cas9: Magic scissors for genome editing

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020 was awarded jointly to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna “for the development of a method for genome editing.” Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna have discovered one of gene technology’s sharpest tools: the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors. Using this strategy, researchers can change the DNA of animals, plants and microorganisms with extremely high precision. This technology has had a revolutionary impact on the life sciences, is contributing to new cancer therapies and may make the dream of curing inherited diseases come true. The CRISPR sequence was first discovered in E. coli. by Japanese molecular biologist Yoshizumi Ishino in 1987, and the Spanish microbiologist Francisco Mojica further discovered unique non-repetitions in CRISPR in 2003. Later on, it has been realized that CRISPR is an adaptive immune system derived from bacteria. CRISPR can identify (via crRNA) viruses that invade bacteria, and use a special nuclease (Cas9 protein) to degrade the DNA sequence of the invading viruses, thereby protecting bacteria from viral invasion. Emmanuelle Charpentier discovered that there are some new small RNA molecules in Streptococcus pyogenes in the process of studying the regulatory RNA of Streptococcus pyogenes, whose genetic code partially matches the CRISPR sequence. Furthermore, they have discovered that these unknown RNA molecules (later known as trans-activated CRISPR RNA, tracrRNA) can help the long RNA molecules produced by the transcription of CRISPR sequences in the genome to be processed into mature, active RNA (crRNA). The first comprehensive analysis of the principles of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing came from the collaboration of Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. They found that using recombinant S. pyogenes Cas9 protein and in vitro transcribed crRNA and tracrRNA, either purified DNA or E. coli gene could be efficiently edited. In addition, they proved that both crRNA and tracrRNA are necessary for Cas9 to be functional, and that the two RNAs can also function in vitro when they are fused into a single guide RNA (sgRNA). Shortly, the research group from MIT reported for the first time that CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology can be applied to gene editing in mammalian and human cells, thus promoting the explosive development of this technology. Using the CRISPR gene editing method, researchers can theoretically direct Cas9 nuclease to perform gene editing at any desired gene locus by designing different sgRNAs. Due to the simplicity, low-cost, and efficiency of this method, CRISPR has rapidly developed into the most mainstream gene editing technology, which is used to efficiently and accurately change, edit or replace plant, animal and even human genes. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology has shown a great potential for biomedical applications, but it still associated with challenges that include biosafety, off-target effects of gene editing. For example, the human body may have an immune response to the gene-editing nuclease Cas9 derived from bacterial; it is very important to efficiently and safely introduce the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system into living cells or in vivo . Viral vectors have been widely used in human gene therapy, but their loading capacity for Cas9 is greatly limited. Therefore, the development of new CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems is particularly important for in vivo gene editing and its clinical transformation applications. To reduce off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, site-directed mutation of Cas9 protein or the development of new gene editing technologies (such as base editing) are highly appreciated for promoting this technology into clinic.

SS-2 Current status and future perspective of radiomics in glioma imaging

Qualitative imaging, primarily focusing on brain tumors’ genetic alterations, has gained traction since the introduction of molecular-based diagnosis of gliomas. This trend started with fine-tuning MRS for detecting intracellular 2HG in IDH-mutant astrocytomas and further expanded into a novel research field named “radiomics”. Along with the explosive development of machine learning algorithms, radiomics became one of the most competitive research fields in neuro-oncology. However, one should be cautious in interpreting research achievements produced by radiomics as there is no “standard” set in this novel research field. For example, the method used for image feature extraction is different from research to research, and some utilize machine learning for image feature extraction while others do not. Furthermore, the types of images used for input vary among various research. Some restrict data input only for conventional anatomical MRI, while others could include diffusion-weighted or even perfusion-weighted images. Taken together, however, previous reports seem to support the conclusion that IDH mutation status can be predicted with 80 to 90% accuracy for lower-grade gliomas. In contrast, the prediction of MGMT promoter methylation status for glioblastoma is exceptionally challenging. Although we can see sound improvements in radiomics, there is still no clue when the daily clinical practice can incorporate this novel technology. Difficulty in generalizing the acquired prediction model to the external cohort is the major challenge in radiomics. This problem may derive from the fact that radiomics requires normalization of qualitative MR images to semi-quantitative images. Introducing “true” quantitative MR images to radiomics may be a key solution to this inherent problem.