Exploration Of Hydrocarbon Deposits Research Articles

ABOUT THE BOUNDARY CONDITION APPROXIMATION IN THE HIGHER-ORDER GRID-CHARACTERISTIC SCHEMES

In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing a numerical solution to the system of equations of an acoustic medium in a fixed domain with a boundary. Physically, it corresponds to the process of the seismic wave propagation in geological media during the procedure of the seismic exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. The system of partial differential equations under consideration is hyperbolic. To construct its numerical solution, a grid-characteristic method is used on an extended spatial stencil. This approach makes it possible to construct a higher-order approximation scheme at the internal points of the computational domain. However, it requires a careful construction of the numerical solution near the boundaries. In this paper, the approach that preserves the increased approximation order up to the boundary is proposed. The verification numerical simulations were carried out.

Geological structure and reservoir productivity of Pre-Jurassic basement rocks of the Sredne-Nazymskoye oil field (Western Siberia): new data

he main tool for increasing of oil reserves are exploration works. Improving the scientific and technical support for exploration is a priority task for the oil industry. The article deals with the development of technology for prospecting and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits in the Pre-Jurassic basement rocks of Western Siberian oil and gas province, as well as approaches to improving the reliability of mapping prospective zones using seismic data. Using the example of the Sredne-Nazymskoye field, the seismogeological aspects of the forecast of oil and gas potential of the Pre-Jurassic complex and the main directions for reducing the uncertainties of the geological structure are shown.

New methods of predicting and prospecting/exploration of hydrocarbon deposits to improve exploration performance in the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province

The Timan-Pechora oil and gas province remains rather promising for the discovery of new hydrocarbon fields and deposits, including large ones. However, in recent years, the efficiency of oil and gas prospecting and exploration has been rather low. At relatively high exploration maturity of prognostic oil resources (> 50%) and low exploration maturity of gas resources (about 30%), prospecting for new fields and deposits focuses on nonstandard geological conditions of their occurrence. This, in turn, requires the development of new methods and technologies for the development of such resources and the simulation of hydrocarbon systems and specific deposits, reflecting their non-standard occurrence and structure, thereby making prospecting more complicated. Therefore, the determination of rational methodological approaches to prediction, prospecting, and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits represents an urgent scientific and applied task.A comprehensive analysis of geological and geophysical characteristics of the promising targets based on the data of up-to-date seismic exploration and drilling ensures that complex traps are mapped by geophysical methods and prognostic resources and reserves of discovered deposits are estimated more precisely and confidently. Integration and analysis of geological and geophysical research materials using advanced methods and technologies can significantly expand oil and gas prospects and optimize the prospecting for productive traps and increase exploration efficiency by reducing the risk of unproductive wells.This paper presents and discusses the options for predicting oil and gas potential and provides recommendations for prospecting hydrocarbon deposits using up-to-date methods and technologies for interpreting geological and geophysical data. The research targets were terrigenous and carbonate natural reservoirs in the northeastern part of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province, including the shelf of the Pechora Sea, Izhma- Pechora and Khoreiver Basins situated in different structural and tectonic zones. The analysis of extensive geological information has revealed that these areas exhibit all the necessary conditions for the existence of unique geological features and the potential for the discovery of oil and gas deposits therein.

Assessment of gas prospects of the areas on the Lyvenska territory based on the materials of space and geological research

Ukraine's economy needs in oil and gas consumption are not currently decreasing, and in connection with military actions in the east of the country, they are rather growing, so there is an urgent need for our country to increase energy resources. In this regard, it is necessary to accelerate the processes of hydrocarbon deposits exploration. Today, as much as before, the most promising area for exploration of new oil and gas deposits remains the Dnipro-Prypyat oil and gas-bearing province, in particular the Dnipro-Donetsk Basin. The article is devoted to urgent issues regarding forecasting onshore oil and gas prospects based on aerospace and geology methods.In the process of approbation of the proposed technology with materials of space and geological research, the first-priority areas, which are recommended for conducting detailed seismic exploration works, have been selected on the Lyvenska territory. The results of drilling operations within these areas will make it possible to assert the high reliability of the provided forecasts.

METHODS OF SEARCHING AND DELINERING OF HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS USING
 MODULATED AND RADIO PULSE SIGNALS

The article studies the characteristics of an anisotropic medium over hydrocarbons using modulated and
 radio pulse signals. The modeling of the components of the surface impedance of the medium over hydrocarbon
 deposits in the mode of amplitude-frequency-modulated signals and the real components of the permittivity tensor
 in the mode of radio pulse signals was carried out. Attention is focused on the use of radio complexing of electromagnetic
 methods with an increase in the number of information channels. A study was made of the influence of
 probing signal modes on the characteristics of an anisotropic medium above deposits and the components of the
 permittivity tensor. Recommendations are given for the practical use of the results. Methods and techniques for
 geoelectric exploration of hydrocarbon deposits are proposed.

Influence of infiltration regimes on hydrocarbon accumulation processes in Northern part of West Siberia

Background. Hydrogeological analysis is necessary for a comprehensive forecast of oil and gas deposits in any region. Early in the development of petroleum hydrogeology in the 1940–1970s, conditions for hydrocarbon (HC) accumulation were actively examined at depths of about 1–2 km, where meteoric waters often occur. However, for a long time, there was no interest in exploring petroleum basin infiltration systems despite the colossal hydrocarbon resources in West Siberia, Alberta (Canada), the Norwegian-Danish oil and gas basin (Norway) and Jungar Banner (China), which are associated with an infiltration hydrodynamic regime (IHR). The resumption of research into hydrocarbon systems controlled by IHR is advisable for theoretical and advanced applications in the exploration of hydrocarbon deposits, including non-structural hydrocarbon accumulation. This is essential for oil and gas fields with a long well production history, where the resources of hydrocarbon deposits associated with anticline structures have largely been exhausted.Aim. To elaborate on the influence of IHR on the HC accumulation processes, the evolution and preservation of these accumulations in the Northern part of West Siberia.Results. The authors discussed features of the infiltration system of the Northern part of the West Siberian hydrogeological basin and proved its unity within the onshore and offshore regions. It was shown that a specific feature of this basin consists in an internal discharge zone associated with the Gulf of Ob in modern plans. Based on analysis of hydrodynamic potentials within the Albian-Cenomanian complex, local accumulations of hydrocarbons, formed in the absence of control from the structural factor, were revealed.

ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ И ПУТИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЕЙСМОРАЗВЕДКИ

The physical capabilities of seismic prospecting and the main factors limiting the scope of solving target geological problems of research at the stages of exploration and additional exploration of hydrocarbon deposits are considered. The efficiency of structural-tectonic and dynamic problems of seismic exploration to be solved depend on the degree of correspondence to the real structure of the geological section of the basic mathematical models of the applied methods and technologies of field seismic survey, processing and interpretation of seismic data. The reliability of predicting the material composition of sediments and physical parameters of hydrocarbon reservoirs is determined by the achieved quantitative Signal / Noise estimates and the vertical resolution of the seismic record. The ways of increasing the efficiency of seismic exploration are discussed, including the practical results of the application of Multifocusing technologies, which expand the range of geological problems to be solved.

ГЕОЛОГІЧНІ РИЗИКИ ПРИ ОЦІНЦІ РЕСУРСНОЇ БАЗИ ВУГЛЕВОДНІВ

At the present stage of geological exploration, the issue of assessing the hydrocarbon resource base of promising facilities is not relevant on a deterministic basis, but using probabilistic assessments and geological risks, which is especially important when assessing investment attractiveness, especially when introducing international projects. Geological risk is associated with the uncertainty of the geological model of an oil and gas perspective object and does not depend on the absolute value of the estimated resources. Based on the analysis of world experience, preliminary studies of this issue in Ukraine and features of the geological structure and oil and gas content of the Eastern oil and gas region of Ukraine, the main geological risks are identified: - the risk of the existence of a trap - the probability that there is a structural or other form in which the position of the explosives may be contained, the reliability of the release of the trap according to available geological and geophysical data; - the risk of the collector's existence is the probability that the breed having sufficient porosity, permeability and spatial distribution in the predicted section of the cut is present and maintained in the process of development of mobile explosives; - the risk of the existence of a tire - the probability that promising in oil and gas bearing deposits overlapping rocks are impervious to predicted hydrocarbons and able to hold the deposit; - risk of regional (zonal) oil and gas - the probability that within the oil and gas prospect facility there are hydrocarbons in a specific productive horizon. For a more confident and unified determination of the risk factors for the existence of a trap, its dependence on the main characteristics of the predicted trap was developed. In addition to the type of trap, differentiation is performed depending on the depth of the object, its amplitude and the number of complicated tectonic disturbances and their type. In addition, recommendations have been developed for the use of methodological methods for determining the risks in assessing the hydrocarbon resources of oil and gas prospecting facilities, which will increase the reliability of the assessment of the resource base of promising objects in the Eastern oil and gas region of Ukraine. Key words: hydrocarbon, geological works, important evaluation, naftagazperspective objects, evaluation of risks, perspective resources References Galkin S.V. 2012. Methodology of accounting for geological risks at the stage of exploration and exploration of oil fields. Bulletin PNRPU. Geology. Oil and gas and mining. № 4. P. 23-32.https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9923/2012.4.3 Кerimov V.Y., Bondarev А.V., Mustaev R.N., Hоshtaria V.N. 2017. Estimation of geological risks in searches and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. «Oil industry». № 8. P. 36-41. Poliakov А.А. Systemic approach to the analysis and reduction of risk in the search and exploration of oil and gas fields. Oil and gas geology. Theory and practice. Т.11. №1. 22 p. www. URL: http://ngtp.ru/rub/3/3_2016.pdfhttps://doi.org/10.17353/2070-5379/3_2016 Popadiuk I. 2003. Theoretical bases for assessing geological risks in the oil industry according to world standards. Oil and gas industry. № P. 9-15. Kharchenko M.V., Vakarchuk S.G., Kitchka O.A. Accounting for geological risks practice while evaluating resource base of hydrocarbon Usage in Ukraine. Prospects for investing. Materials of the Third Scientific and Practical Conference (October 4-7. 2016. Truskavets). State commission of Ukraine on mineral resources (SCMR). К. SCMR. 2016. P. 243-246. Fokin 2011. Managing Exploration Risks & Uncertainties. https://rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/05_TNK-BP_Managing_Exploration_Risks.pdf Aigbedion I., Iyayi S.E., Agbeboh G.U. Prospect assessment and risk analysis: Example from Niger Delta, Nigeria Basin. International Journal of Physical Sciences. December. Vol. 3 (12). Р. 293-298. Colson T. Fault Seal Analysis: Constraining Fault Seal Risk Using Seismic Velocities. AAPG Search and Discovery Article #41789. Posted April 11. 15 p. Cunha A. 2011. Economic and Risk Analysis Applied to Petroleum Engineering. Recent Developments and Application Examples. SPE Distinguished Lecture Program presentation. 36 p. Mannini A., Rawstron P., Chai S.N., Spedding A. De-Risking a Gas Development Using Geophysical Methods. AAPG Search and Discovery Article #41086. Posted November 30. 2012. 16 p. Rose P.R. 2001. Risk Analysis and Management of petroleum exploration Ventures. AAPG Methods in Exploration Series. No. 12. Р. 172. The ССОР Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Petroleum Prospects. http:www.geosint.com/images/stories/geointelligence/technical/modeling/NORAD_RiskA.pdf White D.A. 1993. Geologic risking guide for prospects and plays: AAPG Bulletin. v 77. Р. 2048-2061.https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF8FCE-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D

FEATURES OF HYDROCHEMICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF THE CASPIAN SEA (ZONES, OIL AND GAS FIELDS OF THE KAZAKHSTAN SECTOR)

Changes in hydrometeorological conditions that play a major role in the life of the Caspian Sea arecombined with the impact on its ecosystem of economic activity, one of the types of which is pollution of the marineenvironment. Much attention is paid to environmental safety in the search and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits inthe North Caspian, because without it, neither its high biological productivity, nor the fishery value can bemaintained. The Caspian Sea, and especially its northern shallow part, is a highly productive body of water. Suchextremely high productivity of the Caspian is combined with the relative poverty of the biological diversity of thisreservoir. A significant part of the Caspian hydrobionts is relict. This part of the sea is the richest in biologicalproductivity. And it is not by chance that the rich nutrients and the organic substrate of the waters of the NorthernCaspian have a great influence on the diversity of the flora and fauna of the entire Caspian. However, at present, theCaspian Sea and especially the Northern Sea, like the other seas of the world, are experiencing increasinganthropogenic impact, which is manifested in pollution with oil products and heavy metals, as well as in activeshipping and hydro-construction.

Statistical analysis of free-surface variability's impact on seismic wavefield

Time-lapse seismic monitoring is one of the critical technologies providing the active exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. In desert environments, many challenges are complicating its practical application. The paper deals with one of them – changes of topography due to a mobility of the sands. To assess this impact on the predictability, which is the measure of repeatability computed as cross-correlation of traces, the full numerical simulation is done. The primary attention is paid to the early arrivals because they are most sensitive to the change of a near-surface structure. This perturbation leads to the so-called “non-repeatable” noise which is one of the main trouble in time-lapse seismic monitoring.A standard measure to characterize a non-repeatable noise is to consider the energy of the difference if two data sets/images and compare it with the energy of each data/image. This value is known as the NRMS. If there is a perfect repeatability NRMS = 0, for random uncorrelated noise NRMS = 141%, and if the data sets are identical but polarity-reversed NRMS = 200%.In the paper, we demonstrate that for a homogeneous subsurface layer repeatability depends mainly on changes of the surface topography but not of its slope. At the same time, if one deals with a heterogeneous near-surface, repeatability is far worse for the zones with a thin sand layer (less than 5 m). There can happen significant non-repeatability with NRMS error greater than 60% and reduction of predictability below 75%. These values are similar to the NRMS measured on field data in Saudi Arabia, suggesting that such factors may be significant for land 4D seismic in a desert. Also, sand topography variations can be accumulated thus explaining experimentally observed trends showing that land seismic repeatability degrades over time from days to months and years.

DETERMINATION OF THE PECULIARITIES OF HYDROCARBON COLLECTORS BY OF POINT ELECTROMAGNETIC SENSING METHOD

Many studies conducted in the development of various reservoirs do not provide information on their type, source of gas and the ways of its flow to the reservoir. For carbon-rock massifs, small-amplitude disturbances are very common. There is no possibility for traditional geophysical methods to determine zones of gas accumulation at depths. Taking into account the above, the method of point electromagnetic sounding was used to determine the hydrocarbon reservoirs, including various types of tectonic disturbances. The TEMS method was successfully used to monitor the state of oil fields. The main application of the method was found in prospecting and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits, in particular, it proved itself well in the exploration and verification of gas production on coal basins. The TEMS method allows to establish not only places of gas accumulation within a coal seam or coal-bearing massif, but to identify sources of gas in them.

Subsurface geoelectric array with two transmitters for petroleum exploration in offshore areas

At present, sounding methods based on the effect of electromagnetic pulses on the environment are widely used for marine exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. The exploration is performed using research systems with special equipment fixed in the water column. The goal of this work is to develop equipment and methods for marine electrical prospecting that would allow reliable predictions of petroleum fields in the underlying environment with reduced labor intensity of the necessary surveys. For this purpose, a subsurface array for marine electrical prospecting during vessel movement is proposed. The effective frequencies, current strengths in cables, and the size and efficiency of the array are determined using both the theoretical knowledge of the operation of similar arrays in similar environments and numerical simulation of the developed array. The 3D finite element method is used for mathematical modeling.

Application of scattered and emitted seismic waves for improving the efficiency of exploration and development of hydrocarbon fields

The success of drilling oil and gas wells is largely determined by a high hydrocarbon content and reservoir permeability at the point of penetration. Microseismic emission and scattered reflection waves are used for the reliable study of these parameters. The Seismic Location of Emission Centers and Side-View Seismic Location technologies have been developed for the observation, selection, and positioning of waves in a geological environment, which significantly extend the range of problems that are solved during seismic exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. Examples of application of these technologies in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon deposits are described.

Application of scattered and emitted seismic waves for improving efficiency of exploration and development of hydrocarbon fields

The success of drilling oil and gas wells is largely determined by the presence of high HC-content and permeability of the reservoir at the point of penetration. For a reliable study of these characteristics should be used microseismic emission and the scattered reflection waves. For their observation, selection and positioning in geomedium we developed technology “Seismic Location of Emission Centers” and “Side-View Seismic Location”, which significantly extend the range of problems solved during seismic exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. Examples of application of these technologies in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon deposits are provided.

Оценка геологических рисков при поисках и разведке месторождений углеводородов

Оценка геологических рисков при поисках и разведке месторождений углеводородов

Ecological risk associated with the onshore hydrocarbon deposits exploration

Ecological risk associated with the onshore hydrocarbon deposits exploration

About the possibility of identification of hydrocarbon deposits with the help of NMR

Abstract. The main purpose of this article is to review the theoretical prerequisites of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) application in tasks of search and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. The identification peculiarities of hydrocarbon deposits in a weak magnetic field of the Earth were analysed. The necessity of using highly directional antennas for providing greater sounding depths as well as the use of absorption spectra of the sought-for minerals as sounding signals were identified and justified. A variant of practical implementation of such a system was examined and examples of practical application of the innovative NMR technology were provided.

New Approaches in the Interpretation of Magnetic Survey Data during Prospecting and Exploration of Hydrocarbon Deposits

The presence of hydrocarbons in the basement and sedimentary cover triggers the epigenetic processes that make the formation of iron minerals possible. At that, there is a fairly clear zoning: the center of flow migration is presented by paramagnetic minerals, the borders are presented by ferromagnetic minerals. This fact makes it possible to use magnetic survey during the prediction and the search for oil and gas deposits. The main problem is the interpretation method of the data obtained through the data magnetic survey. The authors of the article suggest the use of multiple approaches to the analysis and interpretation of the obtained data. The first approach is the lineament analysis, the peculiarity of which in this case is the design of maps on the basis of linear objects expressed in a magnetic field. This map will reflect the borders of objects contrasting by magnetic properties, including the deposit borders. The comparison of magnetic field lineaments and the lineaments of relief helps to identify the fault zones in which the migration of hydrocarbons takes place. Another approach in the interpretation of magnetic survey data is the calculation of the magnetic field fractal characteristics. An indication of hydrocarbon migration in this case is the fractal dimension, the high values of which are characterized for the areas where the migration of hydrocarbons took or takes place. The basic wavelets developed on the basis of point source potential derivatives were used for the quantitative analysis of the magnetic field.

The use of the adaptive spectral indexes for the hydrocarbon deposits exploration using remoteli sensed data and ground-based photometry

The comparative characteristics of the informative values of the wavelengths of the adaptive spectral index (ASI) of vegetation using remotely sensed data and in-situ measurements, based on the condition of the maximum distance between the average values for the indexes on the points where the gas availability has been confirmed by drilling and on areas without hydrocarbon deposits were obtained. ASI was obtained for the wheat fields over Hlibovskyi gas field (Crimea, Ukraine) and out the deposit using data from Landsat 7, dated 06 June 2010 and the results of in-situ spectrometry dated May 28, 2010.

Construction of finite-difference scheme for simulation of flows in porous media under near-critical thermodynamic conditions

2 ZAO «T-Services», Moscow, Russia We investigate the mathematical model of three-phase non-isothermal binary mixture flows in porous media under sub- and supercritical conditions. We analyze the problems of numerical simulation of flows in a porous medium assuming that enthalpy is an independent variable of the model. We propose a continuous finite-difference approximation of convective fluxes under near-critical thermodynamic conditions. The model can be used for numerical simulation of the problems of underground carbon dioxide storage, geothermal energy production and hydrocarbon deposits exploration.