Exploitation Of Marine Resources Research Articles

Determination of Boundaries of Regional Marine Management Area in Central Sulawesi Province against Surrounding Provinces

Determining the boundaries of marine management areas is very important for an area to obtain the authority in order to manage natural resources in its territorial sea as regulated in the law on regional government for exploration, exploitation, and management of marine resources. The legal basis for determining the boundaries of marine management areas is regulated in Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government and Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 141 of 2017 concerning Regional Boundary Affirmations. The two legal bases are sufficient to be used as a reference in determining the boundaries of marine management for the Province of Central Sulawesi and the boundaries for the division of regional marine space for each district and city. Central Sulawesi Province has many islands around there and most of the districts and cities are coastal areas, it is deemed necessary to determine the boundaries of marine management and the division of district/municipal marine space. The method used is the baseline method, which is using the normal baseline. Based on the results obtained, the area of marine management in Central Sulawesi Province is 73,519.507 km2. For making the median line, namely between the Provinces of Central Sulawesi and North Maluku because there is an overlapping area of 1,218.042 km2. In the results obtained in the division of regency/municipal sea space, the total area is 3,3592.222 km2.The largest marine spatial distribution area is in Banggai Laut Regency with an area of 5,913.362 km2 and the smallest is Palu City at 102.024 km2.

First high-resolution marine natural capital mapping in the coastal waters of Chinese mainland

Marine ecosystems are complex self-organized systems that generate natural capital stocks and vital ecosystem services (ES) for human well-being. However, the assessment of marine natural capital in coastal countries is often overlooked. In this study, we evaluated the value of marine natural capital in mainland China using existing ES classifications and the emergy method. China's marine natural capital was estimated at 3.29E+24 sej/yr, with coastal waters having 3.2 times higher emergy density than terrestrial ecosystems. The annual economic value of marine natural capital in China's coastal water was approximately 8817.42 billion yuan/yr, nearly equal to China's Gross Ocean Product (GOP) in 2019 (8941.5-billion-yuan). Southern China showed significantly higher natural capital values than northern China. These findings highlight regional disparities in marine resource utilization and socioeconomic status, posing challenges to sustainable ocean development. The results provide a reference for policy and strategy development for sustainable marine resource exploitation.

Bidirectional Collaborative Mentoring Network for Marine Organism Detection and Beyond

Organism detection plays a vital role in marine resource exploitation and marine economy. How to accurately locate the target organism object within the camouflaged and dark light oceanic scene has recently drawn great attention in the research community. Existing learning-based works usually leverage local texture details within a neighboring area, with few methods explicitly exploring the usage of contextualized awareness for accurate object detection. From a novel perspective, we in this work present a Bidirectional Collaborative Mentoring Network (BCMNet) which fully explores both texture and context clues during the encoding and decoding stages, making the cross-paradigm interaction bidirectional and improving the scene understanding at all stages. Specifically, we first extract texture and context features through a dual-branch encoder and attentively fuse them through our adjacent feature fusion (AFF) block. Then, we propose a structure-aware module (SAM) and a detail-enhanced module (DEM) to form our two-stage decoding pipeline. On the one hand, our SAM leverages both local and global clues to preserve morphological integrity and generate an initial prediction of the target object. On the other hand, the DEM explicitly explores long-range dependencies to refine the initially predicted object mask further. The combination of SAM and DEM enables better extracting, preserving, and enhancing the object morphology, making it easier to segment the target object from the camouflaged background with sharp contour. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets show that our proposed BCMNet performs favorably over state-of-the-art models. The code will be made available at https://github.com/chasecjg/BCMNet.

Ultrasonic vibration measurement using heterodyne interferometry and SDR phase meter

Ultrasonic vibration measurement and the development of ultrasonic vibration sensors have a significant impact on underwater pattern detection, providing good support for the exploitation and usage of marine resources. Advanced digital signal processing algorithms improve mechanical displacement measurements using ultrasonic speed and pm-level interferometers in real-time. In recent years, developing digital algorithms and employing low-cost software-defined radio (SDR) software applied to communication systems and other general-purpose systems with flexible solutions are essential in modern industrial applications. Specifically, the SDR can be consistent with real-time phase-change measurements of MHz-frequency interference signals for a heterodyne interferometer. This paper combines a heterodyne interferometer and a real-time SDR phase meter, demonstrating an ultrasonic vibration instrument's high-speed vibrating measurement capabilities. A double-pass interferometer is implemented to produce interference signals modulated with a sine waveform phase change associated with a tool's ultrasonic vibrating displacement, calculated by the phase meter's quadrature demodulation algorithm. The measurement results show that the system detects the sine-wave vibration trajectory generated by the vibrator at a frequency of 20 kHz and an amplitude of ~460 nm. The principle of the measurement system, instrumentations, experiments, and results are discussed in the paper.

Shell Tools and Use-Wear Analysis: a Reference Collection for Prehistoric Arabia

Prehistoric and Archaeological research has pointed out the role of marine resources in modern humans’ cognitive and cultural developments. Maritime adaptations constitute a key component of the sociocultural evolution in Eastern Arabia. During the Neolithic (c. 6500–3300 BCE), it is expressed by the colonisation of offshore islands supported by advanced seafaring and the exploitation of marine resources not only for staple food but also for obtaining hard animal materials used for both symbolic and technological productions, respectively in the form of personal adornments and tooling. Although tools made of retouched large marine mollusc shells are reported on several sites, no detailed study has been conducted on their function and role within the socio-technological processes.The present study introduces a prospective approach for the functional analysis of archaeological shell tools from Eastern Arabia. A reference collection of use-wear traces made experimentally has been built: it compiles the results of 65 experiments (23 are documented and illustrated in the present study), including the processing of various animal, vegetal, and mineral materials. Use-wear traces have been observed and described using both low and high-power magnifications (conducted mainly at 100 ×). It provides helpful methodological support for future comparisons with archaeological specimens. The procurement conditions of the shell valves and the techniques of retouch have been discussed in detail, allowing further considerations on the degree of the socio-technological investment devoted to these peculiar artefacts.

User rights in the fisheries and salmon-farming of the Faroe Islands

This paper focuses on the user rights regimes that have governed access to the marine resources of the Faroe Islands, which in the case of the fisheries are primarily fish stocks, and, in the case of salmon farming, primarily clean and healthy water masses. Examining the application of different user rights arrangements, we were able to observe a gradual improvement in the economic efficiency of the production activity for salmon farming, where strong operating exclusivity played a pivotal role in strengthening user rights. Similarly, the pelagic fisheries and the distant-waters demersal fisheries governed by ITQs have witnessed improved economic efficiency, although the strength of their user rights weakened over the last decade because of diminishing exclusivity and security of their rights. At the same time, the coastal demersal fisheries governed by ITEs continued to be marked by overcapacity and low fish stock levels despite the presence of strong exclusivity. These findings indicate that the design of user rights must also relate to specific management differences in marine resource exploitation under consideration.

Marine Genetic Resources in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Access and Benefit-Sharing

At present, the international community has held many discussions on the exploitation and utilization of marine genetic resources in area beyond national jurisdiction, and this issue has gradually become a hot topic in the field of international law of the sea. The first part of the main text introduces the negotiation dilemma of benefit-sharing of marine genetic resources with respect to the basic concept and legal status of MGRs in the ABNJ, and the second part summarizes the dilemma of negotiation on benefit-sharing of MGRs in the context of BBNJ, and focuses on the reasons for such dilemma. The third part discusses breakthroughs of the legal dilemma of MGRs in the ABNJ from a practical point of view and concludes with an assessment of the options within existing legal frameworks for accommodating an access and benefit-sharing system for marine genetic resources originating from ABNJ.

Maritime security or economic growth: The choice of stakeholders in coastal tourism development in Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province, Vietnam

Coastal tourism emerges as a diverse, dynamic, fast-growing, and economically attractive form of contemporary tourism that encompasses a range of tourism, leisure- and recreational-oriented facilities and activities. As the coastline resembles a composite of ecological, social cultural, and economic values, it is of considerable interest to people, processes, and industries. Vietnam possesses the strategic advantage of a vast coastline spanning the entire length of the country, coupled with its location within the language zone of the East Sea, a crucial trading route for global commerce. Alongside the exploitation of marine resources, oil and gas, transportation, and port services, the development of coastal tourism is deemed a critical sector in promoting the growth of the maritime economy. Nevertheless, due to the national strategic position, the development of tourism in coastal areas faces challenges in reconciling national security policies for coastal defense with the goal of promoting economic development. This article examines the implementation of maritime economic development policies in Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province, highlighting a strategic balance between maintaining maritime security and promoting economic development for stakeholders. The study reveals that sustainable development in coastal tourism is not solely concerned with the livelihoods of local communities and environmental protection, which are typical concerns in other forms of tourism, rather, in the context of Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province, it is also tightly linked to maritime security.

Extensive woodland pasturing supported Pitted Ware Complex livestock management systems: Multi-stable isotope evidence from a Neolithic interaction zone

Middle Neolithic Pitted Ware Complex (PWC) groups throughout the Baltic coastal areas of Scandinavia almost exclusively exploited marine resources for their subsistence. However, Pitted Ware communities inhabiting eastern Jutland (Denmark) also heavily relied on domesticated livestock, reflecting their close contacts and interactions with neighboring Funnel Beaker agriculturalists. Whether or not these domesticates were managed using husbandry practices designed to intensively enhance livestock production or herded using more extensive management strategies that may have better articulated with seal hunting, shellfish gathering, and fishing activities remains unknown. Here, multi-stable isotopic analyses conducted on bone collagen and enamel apatite from wild and domesticated animal species recovered from Pitted Ware sites in Djursland indicate that hunters regularly sought prey that roamed in deeply canopied forests but extensively pastured their livestock under lightly canopied woodlands while also grazing some animals in more open habitats at moderately high stocking rates. Cattle may have been grazed on crop stubble after the summer harvest but were not fed grassy hay or agricultural by-products during the winter season. Instead, they were provided with leaf fodder sourced from diverse woodland pastures. The use of extensive pasturing regimes for livestock by PWC groups fitted well with the intensive exploitation of marine mammals, fishes, and shellfish as part of a highly resilient, sustainable subsistence complex.

Tracking control based on proportional resonant controller for electro‐hydraulic systems with input delay

AbstractThe growth of marine resources exploitation has led to increased research interest in electro‐hydraulic systems for marine simulation. This study proposes a proportional plus resonant (PR) controller to achieve high tracking performance for electro‐hydraulic systems. Due to the complex structure and non‐linear flow dynamics, establishing accurate mathematical models of electro‐hydraulic systems is challenging. The local linearization technique is applied to simplify the process of model establishment. The system gain is limited by the stability margin due to the input delay, resulting in a phase delay between the real trajectory and the desired reference. To compensate for the phase delay in tracking periodic reference with the traditional proportional and integral controller, a resonant item is added into the controller. The stability analysis of the closed‐loop system is performed using Routh‐Hurwitz criterion. Furthermore, the controller parameters are tuned based on the frequency characteristic to achieve high tracking performance and maintain the adequate stability margin. The effectiveness of the proposed PR controller in tracking periodic references is validated through numerical simulations and practical experiments.

Self-Enhanced Antibacterial and Antifouling Behavior of Three-Dimensional Porous Cu2O Nanoparticles Functionalized by an Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Matrix.

Cu2O is currently an important protective material for domestic engineering and equipment used to exploit marine resources. Cu+ is considered to have more effective antibacterial and antifouling activities than Cu2+. However, disproportionation of Cu+ in the natural environment leads to its reduced bioavailability and weakened reactivity. Novel and functionalized Cu2O composites could enable efficient and environmentally friendly applications of Cu+. To this end, a series of three-dimensional porous Cu2O nanoparticles (3DNP-Cu2O) functionalized by organic (redox gel, R-Gel)-inorganic (reduced graphene oxide, rGO) hybrids─3DNP-Cu2O/rGOx@R-Gel─at room temperature by immobilization-reduction method was prepared and applied for protection against marine biofouling. 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel includes rGO and R-Gel shape 3D porous Cu2O nanoparticles with diameters ∼177 nm and strong dispersion and antioxidant stability. Compared with commercial Cu2O (Cu2O-0), 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel exhibited an ∼50% higher bactericidal rate, ∼96.22% higher water content, and ∼75% lower adhesion of mussels and barnacles. Moreover, 3DNP-Cu2O/rGOx@R-Gel maintains the same excellent, stable, and long-lasting bactericidal performance as Cu2O-0@R-Gel while reducing the average copper ion release concentration by ∼56 to 76%. This was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS), atomic absorption spectroscopy, and antifouling tests. In addition, XPS tests of rGO-Cu2+ and R-Gel-Cu2+, photocurrent tests of 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel, and energy-dispersive spectrometry pictures of bacteria confirm that R-Gel and rGO act as electron donors and transfer substrates driving the reduction of Cu2+ (Cu2+ → Cu+) and the diffusion of Cu+. Thus, a self-growing antibacterial and antifouling system of 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel was achieved. The mechanism of accelerated bacterial inactivation and resistance to mussel and barnacle adhesion by 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel was interpreted. It is shown that rGO and R-Gel are important players in the antibacterial and antifouling system of 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel.

Analysis of FPSO Motion Response under Different Wave Spectra

A variety of floating structures at sea play a vital role in the exploitation and utilization of marine resources. The study about interactions between waves and structures is necessary for the impact of the harsh marine environment on the motion and service life of structures. Currently, most studies about the seakeeping of structures are based on simplified regular waves. Because the regular waves do not truly restore the actual wave conditions at sea, the simulation of irregular waves has great practical importance to the study of interactions between waves and structures. Based on the potential flow theory and high-order boundary element method (HOBEM), a Fortran code is developed in this paper and named as SWBI (Solver for Wave–Body Interactions). This program consists of the following two parts: a time–domain numerical model about interactions between waves and 3D structures is based on weakly nonlinear method, and a numerical model about simulation of the nonlinear regular waves, the long-crested irregular waves, and the short-crested irregular waves. This Fortran code is used to simulate the motion of Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) under three different ocean wave spectra (including ITTC two-parameters spectrum, JONSWAP spectrum and the most likely spectral form of Ochi-Hubble) and found that: To a certain extent, the difference in the motion of FPSO under different wave spectra have a connection with different type of wave, sea conditions and incident angle. The difference in roll of FPSO is quite significant in short-crested irregular waves. The range of FPOS’s roll under the JONSWAP spectrum is the largest when the incident angle is 30°, and range of FPOS’s roll under the most likely spectral form of Ochi-Hubble is the largest when the incident angle is 90°.

A Review of Marine In Situ Sensors and Biosensors

The exploration of the ocean is essential for the exploitation of marine resources and the sustainable development of human society. In order to assess both the health and the resources of the marine environment, a variety of chemical and biological sampling is needed. Traditionally, marine samples are collected on site and transported to a laboratory for analysis. Analytical methods are often tedious, and it is difficult to know the in situ real-time status. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the development of in situ chemical and biological sensors for the typical compounds in the ocean, including methane, radon, ferrous ion, carbon dioxide, microorganisms, pollutants, nutrients and seafood. Different types of sensors for each compound are highlighted, such as novel electrochemical and optical sensors. Commercial status of different sensors is introduced, and performance of representative sensors is compared and discussed deeply. The advantages and disadvantages of each sensing technique are analyzed and evaluated in detail. Finally, future prospects and work directions are presented, such as the deployment of these in situ sensors on fixed and/or moving platforms, development of microfluidic sensors and exploration of new antifouling materials and methods. This paper could serve as a resource for developing more advanced in situ chemical sensors and biosensors for marine scientific research, as well as related practical applications for monitoring marine resource exploration and exploitation and for environmental protection.

Classification of Marine Sediment in the Northern Slope of the South China Sea Based on Improved U-Net and K-Means Clustering Analysis

The classification of marine sediment based on acoustic data is crucial for various applications such as marine resource exploitation, marine engineering construction, and marine ecological environment maintenance. It serves as a valuable alternative to limited geological sampling. However, the accuracy of sediment classification is limited due to constraints in acoustic data detection methods, data quality, and classification techniques. To address this issue, this study proposes an automatic classification method for marine sediment using an improved U-convolutional neural network and K-means clustering algorithm. In the coding part, a spatial pyramid pool layer is introduced to fuse low-dimensional feature data of different scales with the features of each level of the corresponding coding layer. This fusion method enhances the accuracy of the constructed relationship between the physical property parameters of the seabed bottom. The K-means clustering algorithm is optimized through selecting the point at the density center as the initial clustering center during the initial clustering center selection stage. This approach solves the sensitivity problem of the initial clustering center of K-means, improves the edge extraction effect of sediment types, and enhances the classification accuracy of sediment types. To validate the proposed method, an application test is conducted in the Northern Slope area of the South China Sea. The mean grain size of sediments in the study area is predicted using the improved U-Net neural network and the seafloor reflection intensity of the sub-bottom profile. Compared to the standard U-Net network results, the mean grain size prediction results show an increase of 4.9% and 2.8%, respectively. The sediment with the predicted mean grain size is then classified using the K-means clustering algorithm, resulting in the division of five sediment types: gravelly sand, sand, silty sand, sandy silt, and clayey silt. These classifications align well with the South China Sea sediment type map. The findings of this study not only provide an important supplement to existing marine sediment classification methods but also contribute significantly to understanding the sedimentary environment and processes in the Northern Slope of the South China Sea.

A review of an emerging tool to estimate population parameters: the close-kin mark-recapture method

Knowing the number of individuals in a population is fundamental for the sustainable management of exploited marine resources but estimating this parameter is often extremely challenging, especially in large, highly mobile and dispersed populations. Abundance estimation traditionally relies on multiple data types that include the relationship between fishery catches and effort (Catch Per Unit Effort or CPUE), scientific research surveys and demographic models that are developed to estimate past and current stock dynamics, but uncertainty is often high. Close-kin mark-recapture (CKMR) is an alternative method for estimating abundance and other demographic parameters (e.g. population trend, survival rates, connectivity), using kinship relationships determined from genetic samples. This methodology is based on a simple concept - the larger the population the less likely to find relatives and vice versa - and was proposed two decades ago although regained considerable attention recently. Refinements in the statistical methodology and advances in high throughput sequencing methods have boosted the efficiency of genomic analysis, promising to revolutionize the field of fisheries stock assessments. In theory, it can be applied to almost any species, provided that there is sufficient information about the life-history/biology of the organism and that the populations are not so small as to be almost extinct or so large that finding relatives becomes extremely difficult. Thus, it has the potential to provide baseline data for the many exploited fish stocks that remain largely unassessed and to reduce uncertainty in those that are regularly evaluated. Here, we provide an overview of the method in the context of fisheries assessments, analyze the advances and synthetize the field studies published in the last five years. Moreover, we evaluate the readiness, viability and maturity of the method to infer demographic parameters in species spanning diverse life histories. We evaluate technical considerations and requirements for a successful application and analyze the main challenges and limitations preventing a broader implementation.

Community Empowerment in Outermost Small Islands in Maintaining Territorial Integrity and Realizing Indonesian Maritime Defense

Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) is an archipelagic country. Indonesia's struggle to gain world recognition as an archipelagic country was first obtained through the Archipelagic State Concept in the Djuanda Declaration on December 13, 1957. Indonesia's maritime territory is an area rich in resources that are beneficial for the welfare of society. So far the development of the outer islands has not shown good results. This is caused by many factors, among others, geographically the location of the outermost islands is difficult to reach, there are limited business scales, methods of exploiting marine resources that are not yet effective, limited facilities and infrastructure, limited ability to manage available natural wealth. This research aims toanalyze community empowerment activities living on these islands as one of the efforts to maintain territorial integrity and realize Indonesia's maritime defense. This research is a qualitative research. The research design is descriptive analysis. The results of this study arecommunity empowerment in the outermost small islands in maintaining territorial integrity and realizing Indonesia's maritime defense through the Service of the Indonesian Navy, Development of Regional Resilience and Social Communication and the Government of Natuna Regency providing various types of assistance, such as socialization of fish farming and fishing gear.The empowerment cooperation carried out by Lantamal IV Batam with the Regional Government of Natuna Regency has not gone well, the actors involved in implementing the empowerment cooperation have not worked together optimally and there are still obstacles faced, namely uniting community empowerment activity programs between Lantamal IV Batam and Natuna Regency.

Changes in Abundance and Distribution of the Sea Pen, Funiculina quadrangularis, in the Central Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Basin) in Response to Variations in Trawling Intensity

Marine resources exploitation through bottom trawling affects marine ecosystems; thus, management should consider the presence of sensitive species as ecosystem health indicators. Epibenthic organisms such as sea pens are widely used to assess benthic conditions, as their populations are declining where trawling is intense. The Pomo/Jabuka Pits fishing ground in the Adriatic Sea, subject to various management measures over the years, is a nursery for European hake and hosts a small, but dense, population of Norway lobster and a remarkable abundance of pink shrimp. The sea pen Funiculina quadrangularis shares its habitat (sandy-muddy bottoms) with these crustaceans. Through UnderWater TeleVision surveys conducted from 2012 to 2019, F. quadrangularis abundance and distribution were quantified in relation to changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of fishing efforts. The average density (n/m2) of colonies was calculated for three periods: BEFORE implementation of measures (before 1 July 2015), during an INTERMEDIATE period in which limitations changed (2 July 2015 to 31 August 2017), and AFTER the implementation of a Fishery Restricted Area (from 1 September 2017). F. quadrangularis revealed an increase in density where fisheries were closed, even after a short period. This showed how management measures can positively influence epibenthic communities and that sea pens can be indicators of impact and/or recovery of habitats.

Research on Compliant Controller of Underwater Mechanical Capture System Based on Impedance Theory

Due to the requirement of the exploitation of marine resources, the execution of specific underwater tasks by onboard manipulators has become one of the key research fields in domestic and all over the world. Based on the underwater capture system designed for the UUV recycling task, which consists of an underwater manipulator and a mechanical capture device, this paper first constructs the kinematics and dynamics model of the capture system through theoretical analysis such as theoretical mechanics and theory of mechanism. Then, combined with the requirements of the recycling task, through the theoretical basis of fluid mechanics such as Morrison equation, dynamic of the capture system in underwater environment is analysed, with a compliant controller designed for the capture system based on impedance theory in order to reduce the impact of underwater environment in the capture task. Moreover, as the capture system modelled in the Adams dynamics simulation platform, it is verified that the designed compliant controller can reduce the underwater environmental impact through simulation experiments in the Adams dynamic platform.

Simulation evaluation of underwater robot structure and control system based on ADAMS

Abstract The twenty-first century is the century of marine resources. The ocean is a treasure of biological resources, energy, water resources and mineral resources, and it would gradually become the “second space” of mankind. In the next few years, it would be more and more relevant to human life. Many scholars have realized the importance of the ocean and began to vigorously develop and use the ocean. Underwater robot is a means for human beings to explore and develop the ocean, and it would be widely used in this field. The development and promotion of underwater vehicles are of great significance to resource development, economic development, and national security. With the increasing shortage of land resources, the development and utilization of marine resources have received increasing attention. The direct exploitation of marine resources by humans would have adverse effects, so the underwater robot technology has developed rapidly in recent years. However, at present, most underwater robots are driven by electric turbines. The underwater working environment requires that the underwater motor has good sealing performance, so its structure is complex and expensive, and it is rarely used in ordinary underwater operations. In recent years, intelligent robots have been used more and more, but because of the complexity and uncertainty of the underwater working environment, there are many uncertain factors. Therefore, it is very meaningful to carry out stability control for it. The research results showed that the displacement, stability, and other corresponding test curves of each component can be obtained by establishing a simple model with software and through ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems) simulation analysis. This can simulate the movement of real objects in the real environment and find the existing problems, so as to provide a reference for the actual underwater robot design. In this way, the development cycle and production costs can be reduced. This article analyzed the structure and control system of the underwater vehicle based on ADAMS simulation. The results showed that the dynamic stability of the underwater vehicle based on ADAMS simulation analysis was improved by 4.67% compared with the underwater vehicle before optimization.

Research on Special Stability of Scientific Research Equipment on Oceanographic Research Vessels

With the development of economy, countries all over the world have gradually recognized the importance of the exploitation of marine resources, development of marine economy, and protection of marine ecological environment. As an important carrier and tool for the implementation of China’s national strategies such as “building China into a maritime power” and “Belt & Road”, oceanographic research vessels also face new demands and development prospects. The current standards and specifications for oceanographic research vessels in China are generally old and outdated, lack of professional specifications, and deficient of standard guidance for the use of scientific research equipment on oceanographic research vessels. From the perspective of the classification and special stability of scientific research equipment on oceanographic research vessels, an evaluation system for the stability of scientific research equipment is proposed, in hope of providing reference for the use of scientific research equipment on oceanographic research vessels.