Exploitation Of Energy Sources Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Modelling for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Solutions

Due to the global energy crisis and environmental degradation, largely as a result of the increased usage of non-renewable energy sources, researchers have become more interested in exploring alternative energy systems, which may harvest energy from natural sources. This research article provides a comparison between various modeling of piezoelectric elements in terms of power generation for energy harvesting solutions. The energy harvesting can be computed and calculated based on piezoelectric materials and modeling for the specific application. The most common type of environmental energy that may be collected and transformed into electricity for several purposes is Piezoelectric transduction, which is more effective, compared to other mechanical energy harvesting techniques, including electrostatic, electromagnetic, and triboelectric transduction, due to their high electromechanical connection factor and piezoelectric coefficients. As a result of this research, scientists are highly interested in piezoelectric energy collection.

Microextraction of sulfonamides from milk samples based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent formation by pH adjusting

A novel approach for liquid-liquid microextraction via formation of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent by pH adjusting was suggested. This study demonstrated for the first time that an alkaline aqueous solution of terpenoid and medium-chain saturated fatty acid can serve as a source of precursors for deep eutectic solvent (DES) formation by extraction system acidification. In this case, the microdroplets of in situ formed DES phase appear in the whole volume of the homogeneous solution, simultaneously extracting the analytes. The proposed approach enables one to avoid heating and usage of auxiliary energy sources, which considerably simplifies the procedure and minimizes the extraction time in comparison with the existing analogues. The proposed approach was successfully applied to the determination of sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfaquinoxaline and sulfadiazine in milk samples. The nature of precursors played an important role in the extraction process, providing different types of interaction with the analytes. The preconcentration factors ranged from 22 to 103, rising with an increase of hydrophobicity of the analyte. In situ formation of fine droplets of the solvent provided fast mass-transfer of sulfonamides (30 s). The limits of detection calculated from the calibration plot based on 3σ were equal to 1 μg L−1 for sulfamethazine and sulfaquinoxaline, 3 μg L−1 for sulfamethoxazole, and 5 μg L−1 for sulfadiazine.

Analysis of Energy Consumption Structure through Detailed Analysis of Energy Source Usage Pattern in Education Facilities

Analysis of Energy Consumption Structure through Detailed Analysis of Energy Source Usage Pattern in Education Facilities

Energy, productivity and structural growth. The last two centuries

Our knowledge of energy consumption over the past two centuries is still superficial. The available energy databases cover, at best, the years from the 1960s. Furthermore, we know little on the consumption of traditional sources; still in use in developing countries. The consequence is that the modern “energy transition” and its impact on the economy is still poorly known. The purpose of the present contribution is twofold. It aims at: 1. filling this gap, through the analysis of the main transformations which have occurred since 1820 in global energy consumption; 2. focusing on the changes in the relative energy-GDP developments due to the exploitation of fossil energy sources on the one hand and energy-saving technology on the other.

Disrupted relationship between blood glucose and brain dopamine D2/3 receptor binding in patients with first-episode schizophrenia

An elemental function of brain dopamine is to coordinate cognitive and motor resources for successful exploitation of environmental energy sources. Dopamine transmission, goal-directed behavior, and glucose homeostasis are altered in schizophrenia patients prior to and after initiation of pharmacological treatment. Thus, we investigated the relationship between blood glucose levels and brain dopamine signaling in drug-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis.We quantified blood glucose levels and binding of the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist radioligand (+)-[11C]-PHNO in 15 medication-naïve patients and 27 healthy volunteers employing positron emission tomography.Whole-brain voxel-wise linear model analysis identified two clusters of significant interaction between blood glucose levels and diagnosis on (+)-[11C]-PHNO binding-potential values. We observed positive relationships between blood glucose levels and binding-potential values in healthy volunteers but negative ones in patients with first episode psychosis in a cluster surviving rigorous multiple testing correction located in the in the right ventral tegmental area. Another cluster of homologous behavior, however at a lower level of statistical significance, comprised the ventral striatum and pallidum. Extracellular dopamine levels are a major determinant of (+)-[11C]-PHNO binding in the brain. In line with the concept that increased dopamine signaling occurs when goal-directed behavior is needed for restoring energy supply, our data indicate that in healthy volunteers, extracellular dopamine levels are high when blood glucose levels are low and vice-versa. This relationship is reversed in patients with first-episode psychosis, possibly reflecting an underlying pathogenic alteration that links two seemingly unrelated aspects of the illness: altered dopamine signaling and dysfunctional glucose homeostasis.

The causal nexus between biomass energy consumption and gross domestic production -ARDL approach

One of the most important economic goals of countries is fostering more economic growth; this involves the increasing usage of energy sources. Because of the limitations in non-renewable energy sources and environmental pollution caused by burning these sources, renewable energy sources have become a priority. Biomass energy is one of the new and renewable varieties of energy. This energy is more compatible with nature and the environment, and its production and supply cause little environmental pollution; also, since such energies are renewable, there is no near end for their exhaustion. Therefore, biomass energy constitutes a remarkable part of the world energy supply. Because of the importance of energy in economic growth, this study analyzed the relationship between biomass energy consumption and gross domestic production (GDP) during the 1967-2019 time period, using the autoregressive distributed lag modeling approach (ARDL).

Homogeneous (De)hydrogenative Catalysis for Circular Chemistry – Using Waste as a Resource

AbstractIncreasing production and usage of several consumer products and energy sources have resulted in the accumulation of a substantial amount of waste products that are toxic and/or difficult to biodegrade, thus creating a severe threat to our planet. With the recently advocated concepts of circular chemistry, an attractive approach to tackle the challenge of chemical waste reduction is to utilize these waste products as feedstocks for the production of useful chemicals. Catalytic (de)hydrogenation is an atom‐economic, green and sustainable approach in organic synthesis, and several new environmentally benign transformations have been reported using this strategy in the past decade, especially using well‐defined transition metal complexes as catalysts. These discoveries have demonstrated the impact and untapped potential of homogeneous (de)hydrogenative catalysis for the purpose of converting chemical wastes into useful resources. Four types of chemical waste that have been (extensively) studied in recent years for their chemical transformations using homogeneous catalytic (de)hydrogenation are CO2, N2O, plastics, and glycerol. This review article highlights how these chemical wastes can be converted to useful feedstocks using (de)hydrogenative catalysis mediated by well‐defined transition metal complexes and summarizes various types of homogeneous catalysts discovered for this purpose in recent years. Moreover, with examples of hydrogenative depolymerization of plastic waste and the production of virgin plastic via dehydrogenative pathways, we emphasize the potential applications of (de)hydrogenation reactions to facilitate closed‐loop production cycles enabling a circular economy.

Energy use strategies and implications for fire risk amongst low-income households.

Despite near universal access to electricity in Cape Town, usage of informal electrical connections and nonelectric energy sources remains high and pose significant fire risk to such households. This research set out to examine the energy sources being utilised by low-income households in Lwandle, Nomzamo and Asanda Village to understand the factors that influence these energy use choices and what implications these energy choices have for fire risk. This research utilised a mixture of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods including focus group sessions with residents and a household survey to collect information on household energy use strategies, perceptions of safety and accessibility of energy sources and experiences of energy-related fires from residents residing in different types of dwellings. The research observed that despite high access to electricity, household utilisation is constrained by economic and physical factors. Consequently, they are forced to resort to employing an energy stacking approach, alternating between electric and nonelectric energy sources, which include usage of cheaper yet potentially hazardous energy sources such as paraffin (kerosene), candles, firewood, coal and gas to meet their daily energy needs. A potential consequence of this energy stacking approach employed by households to meet their energy needs is that the majority of households continue to face the risk of a dwelling fire caused by nonelectric energy sources. Whereas nonelectric energy sources were both perceived and experienced by residents as the main cause of dwelling fires in the study site, electricity was found to contribute to a number of dwelling fires, with a slight increase in the number of fires caused by electric sources observed over the last few years.

Energy Harvesting Technologies for Structural Health Monitoring of Airplane Components-A Review.

With the aim of increasing the efficiency of maintenance and fuel usage in airplanes, structural health monitoring (SHM) of critical composite structures is increasingly expected and required. The optimized usage of this concept is subject of intensive work in the framework of the EU COST Action CA18203 “Optimising Design for Inspection” (ODIN). In this context, a thorough review of a broad range of energy harvesting (EH) technologies to be potentially used as power sources for the acoustic emission and guided wave propagation sensors of the considered SHM systems, as well as for the respective data elaboration and wireless communication modules, is provided in this work. EH devices based on the usage of kinetic energy, thermal gradients, solar radiation, airflow, and other viable energy sources, proposed so far in the literature, are thus described with a critical review of the respective specific power levels, of their potential placement on airplanes, as well as the consequently necessary power management architectures. The guidelines provided for the selection of the most appropriate EH and power management technologies create the preconditions to develop a new class of autonomous sensor nodes for the in-process, non-destructive SHM of airplane components.

Harvesting in electric vehicles: combining multiple power tracking and fuel-cells

Exploitation of green energy sources is essential to diminish the deterioration of our environment. The energy harvesting, represents an alternative to achieve greater range in electric and hybrid vehicles. An energy management strategy (EMS) must be optimized to obtain the best benefits in such vehicles, which is not a trivial task. If harvesting or energy recovery devices are added, the EMS becomes a dual-purpose algorithm: minimizing fuel consumption and maximizing energy harvest through maximum
 power point tracking (MPPT) controllers. Known studies consider separate EMS, one for traction and another for regenerative braking, without considering harvest devices such as solar panels, regenerative suspension, thermal generators, among others. Furthermore, the electronic power converters used, are not designed to handle such unequal power levels. In this article, an electronic platform to include multiple energy harvesting devices in a fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicle, was presented together with a multiple MPPT-EMS. The EMS is easily implementable, and considers quasiconstant cell energy extraction and filtering of current transients to the battery bank ensuring the longevity of the devices. A new mathematical model of the platform, a closed loop stability analysis, and numerical and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) validations were presented. Some experimental validation results were also provided.

Recent Advances in Energy Conversion Applications of Carbon Dots: From Optoelectronic Devices to Electrocatalysis.

Exploitation and utilization of sustainable energy sources has increasingly become the common theme of global social development, which has promoted tremendous development of energy conversion devices/technologies. Owing to excellent and unique optical/electrical properties, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted extensive research interest for numerous energy conversion applications. Strong absorption, downconversion photoluminescence, electron acceptor/donor characteristics, and excellent electron conductivity endow CDs with enormous potential for applications in optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, excellent electron transfers/transport capacities and easily manipulable structural defects of CDs offer distinct advantages for electrocatalytic applications. Recent advances in CD-based energy conversion applications, including optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells, and electrocatalytic reactions including the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction, are summarized. Finally, current challenges and future prospects for CD-based energy conversion applications are proposed, highlighting the importance of controllable structural design and modifications.

Thermodynamic performance analysis a power and cooling generation system based on geothermal flash, organic Rankine cycles, and ejector refrigeration cycle; application of zeotropic mixtures

Regarding the important role of combined cooling and power (CCP) systems in improving the efficiency of power plants, and also the ability of ORC and ERC systems in the exploitation of low-to medium-grade energy sources, a novel CCP system is presented which is based on geothermal flash cycle as topping cycle, organic Rankine cycle, and ejector refrigeration as the bottoming cycle for power and cooling generation aims. This work proposes a thermodynamic and parametric analysis of the proposed system where the ORC and ERC cycles employ different mixtures of zeotropic fluids as the working fluid. The integration of ORC and ERC systems with zeotropic mixtures presents the considerable capability to combine their superiority and further enhance the system performance considerably. The superiority of the proposed system, which combines the advantages of zeotropic mixtures with ORC and ERC positive aspects, is revealed through the energy and exergy analysis. The results revealed some precious facts; for instance, the total thermal and exergetic efficiencies are calculated by 18.16% and 59.16%, correspondingly. Also, the COP and the cooling capacity of the ERC unit is obtained 0.1224 and 93.73kW, respectively. Besides, the best exergy efficiency and the lowest exergy destruction is evaluated for the system with Isopentane (0.3)/R142b (0.7) as the working fluid. Also, from the parametric study, it can be inferred that decreasing the separator pressure and increasing the heat exchanger inlet temperature leads to higher energy and exergy efficiency.

Dehydration and low temperature separation technologies for liquified natural gas production via electrolysis: A systematic review

• Low temperature gas upgrading techniques are discussed. • Processed gas is hydromethane obtained through electrolysis and methanation. • Techniques are reviewed to meet LNG quality requirements and grid EN 16726 standard. • LNG can be used in transport application or in the gas grid after regasification. Power-to-fuel applications represent a relevant option among energy storage technologies to overcome grid issues, such as overgeneration due to renewable energy sources exploitation. The production of raw hydromethane mixture, through water electrolysis and, downstream, methanation, can be integrated in power to liquefied natural gas systems allowing the exploitation of liquefied natural gas as energy carrier. It enables multiple uses linking multiple sectors (e.g. transport, industry, electric power production). Cryogenic separation techniques could be implemented aiming to an enhanced overall conversion efficiency. Key of this systematic review is the identification and analysis of the gas upgrade technologies that, moving from the raw hydromethane mixture, guarantee a final liquefied natural gas composition meeting the requirements imposed by: (i) grid injection and use in conventional endothermal engines after regasification (2 vol% H 2 ); (ii) particular sensitivity of the natural gas liquefaction process to the presence of water (< 0.1 ppm) and CO 2 (< 50 ppm). A critical review for hydromethane upgrade which faces the issues of real utilization is not available in literature, thus it is provided in this work. The paper is structured in two main parts: in the first gas dehydration techniques are described, while the second focuses on CO 2 separation, highlighting advantages and application limits of low temperature techniques to the case of study. In the conclusions, a process optimal configuration is discussed for the production of liquefied natural gas from renewable electricity, as energy carrier suitable for multisectoral applications and compliant with scenarios of high renewable energy penetration.

Hierarchical Ni-BDC coated FeOOH nanosheets: A coordination tuning synergistic electrocatalyst with enhanced activity for water oxidation

Hierarchical composites represent a class of efficient electrocatalysts for renewable energy storage and conversion technologies owing to the porous structure and additional exposure of metal sites. Herein, a Ni-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) (marked as Ni-BDC, BDC stands for 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) nanosheet is successfully fabricated on hydroxyl iron oxide (FeOOH) array with carbon fiber cloth (CFC) as substrate. Benefit from the coordination tuning synergistic effect of the distinct chemical composition and the hierarchical structure for fast mass transportation, the as-obtained FeOOH@Ni-BDC illustrates excellent catalytic ability for electrochemical water oxidation with low overpotential of 270 mV to reach 10 mA/cm2 current and good durability in alkaline electrolyte. The novelty of this work lies in the modulation of electronic structure of the FeOOH with Ni-BDC through coordination effect to enhance the activity of the hierarchical composite electrocatalyst. This work is expected to guide the preparation of efficient electrocatalyst for new type alternative energy sources exploitation in near future.

Potential of Renewable Energy Sources usage in an energy demand of a single-family houses neighbourhood, constituting an Energy Cluster – a case study

Worldwide policy referring to global warming and air pollution assumes several main guidelines, in which Renewable Energy Sources (RES) usage simultaneously with limitation of fossil fuels in energy production seems to be a major goal. Nowadays, the continuous growth of RES usage within final energy consumption is becoming an obvious part of many country’s development. Adding to that relentless pursuit for improvement of building energy efficiency results in prediction, that in nearest future one should expect the development of advanced city-scale areas constituting an Energy Cluster. The paradigm of Energy Cluster (EC) allows us to define an energy flexibility neighbourhood. This article presents the results of energy analysis of a model neighbourhood of single-family houses with possible usage of RES. The neighbourhood constituting an EC was defined considering the Polish household sector statistical study. The analyzed area consists of representative single-family houses of Poland, characterized by different built periods, building shape and geometry as well as building enclosure parameters. Within the analysis, a detailed examination of a defined EC was performed by means of TEAC – computer tool developed by authors. TEAC is based on the results of energy simulations obtained by means of Energy Plus software and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) usage. Artificial Intelligence (AI) was used for energy demand predictions of buildings. Among possible RES a detailed analysis of solar and wind energy usage was performed. As a result, we obtained an hourly energy demand space- and time distribution, RES outputs, ecological analysis concerning greenhouse gasses emission and profitability analysis of proposed modernizations for the neighbourhood.

Improving By-product Gas Utilisation in Steel Milling Operations

The South African steel-making industry remains globally uncompetitive due to strenuous financial conditions and increasing energy costs. Declining production figures, decreasing exports and increasing imports have adversely affected the market profitability. Energy contributes 20% towards the total operational costs of an integrated steel enterprise. Maximum usage of alternative energy sources is required to alleviate costs. By-product gases are combustible energy carriers, containing almost 18% of the energy input of production processes. Coke oven gas (COG) was found to be competitive with natural gas and applicable for high-temperature requirements, such as in steel reheating furnaces. However, fluctuations in the calorific value (CV) and composition of COG cause combustion and temperature instabilities. As such, quick reactions from human operators are required to adjust the air-fuel ratio (AFR) to maintain furnace stability using a trial-and-error method. This causes energy inefficiencies and production losses. A methodology was developed to predict and adjust the AFR according to the CV of COG using adaptive control strategies. The control strategy uses historic behavioural patterns of the furnace to determine the required AFR. Pilot studies on a billet mill reheating furnace have shown a 95 – 98% improvement in AFR adjustment accuracy. Potential cost savings of R7.5 million/annum in natural gas purchases were identified for this case study. Investigations into applying the developed solution to similar challenges is encouraged.

Disrupted Relationship between Blood Glucose Levels and Dopamine D &lt;sub&gt;2/3&lt;/sub&gt; Receptor Availability in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia. A Case-Control PET-Imaging Study

Introduction: An elemental function of brain dopamine is to coordinate cognitive and motor resources for successful exploitation of environmental energy sources. Dopamine transmission, goal-directed behaviour, and glucose homeostasis are altered in schizophrenia patients prior to and after initiation of pharmacological treatment. Thus, we investigated the relationship between blood glucose levels and brain dopamine signalling in drug-naive patients with first-episode psychosis. Methods: We quantified blood glucose levels and binding of the D 3 preferring dopamine D 2/3 receptor agonist radioligand (+)-[11C]-PHNO in 15 medication-naive patients and 27 healthy volunteers employing positron emission tomography. Results: Whole-brain voxel-wise linear model analysis identified two clusters of significant interaction between blood glucose levels and diagnosis on (+)-[11C]-PHNO binding-potential values. One cluster was located in the ventral striatum and pallidum, the other one in the right ventral tegmental area. We observed positive correlations between blood glucose levels and binding-potential values in healthy volunteers but negative correlations in patients with first episode psychosis. Interpretation: Extracellular dopamine levels are a major determinant of (+)-[11C]-PHNO binding in the brain. In line with the concept that increased dopamine signalling occurs when goal-directed behaviour is needed for restoring energy supply, our data indicate that in healthy volunteers, extracellular dopamine levels are low, when blood glucose levels are high and vice-versa. This relationship is reversed in patients with first-episode psychosis, possibly reflecting a pathogenic alteration underlying two seemingly unrelated aspects of the illness: dysfunctional dopamine signalling and glucose homeostasis. Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry:EUDRACT 2010-019586-29 Funding: Vienna Science and Technology Fund; Austrian Science Fund; Medical Scientific Fund of the Mayor of the City of Vienna Declaration of Interests: Without relevance to this work, M. Willeit declares to having received speaker honoraria and consulting fees from Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, Austria. Without relevance to this work, W. Wadsak declares to having received speaker honoraria from GE Healthcare, research grants from Ipsen Pharma, Eckert-Ziegler AG, Scintomics and ITG. WW is a part time eployee ofCBmed Ltd (Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria). and is a member of advisory boards of Amgen, Chieri and Sanofi-Aventis. M. Hacker received consulting fees and/or honoraria from Bayer Healthcare BMS, Eli Lilly, EZAG, GE Healthcare, Ipsen, ITM, Janssen, Roche, Siemens Healthineers. R. Lanzenberger received travel grants and/or conference speaker honoraria within the last three years from Bruker BioSpin MR, Heel, and support from Siemens Healthcare regarding clinical research using PET/MR. He is a shareholder of the start-up company BM Health GmbH since 2019. S. Kasper received grants/research support, consulting fees and/or honoraria within the last three years from Angelini, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, Celegne GmbH, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH,KRKA-Pharma, Lundbeck A/S, Mundipharma, Neuraxpharm, Pfizer, Sanofi,Schwabe, Servier, Shire, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd. and Takeda. U. Sauerzopf, A. Weidenauer, I. Dajic, M. Bauer, L. Bartova, B. Meyer, L. Nics, C. Philippe, S. Pfaff, V. Pichler, M. Mitterhauser, L. Pezawas and N. Praschak-Rieder have no conflict of interest to declare Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Ethics-Committee of the Medical University of Vienna and Austrian federal regulatory authorities. All subjects signed an informed consent form.

Gynecological Endoscopic Society of Malaysia Statement and Recommendations on Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives:While the issue of aerosolization of virus from the blood occurs during usage of energy sources scare practitioners, there have been no reported instances of healthcare workers (HCWs) being infected. COVID-19 virus is primarily transmitted via respiratory droplets and contact routes. Therefore, the ultimate decision for surgery, should be based on which is the safest, quickest route and concurrently ensuring that HCWs are protected during these surgeries. During the time of crisis, HCWs need to concentrate and channel resources to the care of those affected by the coronavirus hence judicious allocation of resources is mandatory. We present the guidelines and recommendations on gynecological laparoscopic surgery during this COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia.Materials and Methods:Thorough search of articles and recommendations were done to look into the characteristics of the virus in terms of transmission and risks during surgery. Smoke plume characteristics, composition and risk of viral transmission were also studied. Search includes The WHO Library, Cochrane Library and electronic databases (PubMed, Google scholar and Science Direct).Conclusion:We concluded that there is no scientific basis of shunning laparoscopic approach in surgical intervention. Ultimately, the guiding principles would be of reducing the anesthetic and surgical duration, the availability of full protective gear for HCWs during the surgery and the status of the patient. It is mandatory for viral swab tests to be done within the shortest window period possible, for all cases planned for surgery.

Possibilities of solving social problems of African countries by means of public-private partnership

The article considers the possibilities of the public-private partnership (PPP) in solving social-economic problems of African countries. The authors analyze the features and perspectives of the PPP mechanism in Africa for solving urgent social problems primarily in the sphere of public services. PPP means state-business cooperation in the spheres that are important for the population’s living standards and has large potential for the social development. Some African counties has already recognized the high efficiency of PPP and use this method for solving such problems as lack of social infrastructure and social development, low quality of the public utilities and poverty. The authors argue that the main sphere of implementing the PPP projects in Africa is the sector of information and telecommunication (IT). The majority of PPP infrastructure projects are implemented in the power economy (especially in Morocco and Egypt). Today, the African governments expand the PPP projects to the power networks development and construction, and to the renewable energy sources exploitation. The article provides some recent examples of the PPP projects in different spheres such as the development of social infrastructure in Africa, including education, public health and maintenance of public order. Due to the global trend of the infrastructure services digitalization and extension of information accessibility, African states take steps for the creation of electronic information portals for the PPP-projects (for example, in Nigeria and Ghana - with the World Bank assistance). Moreover, there are all-regional programs introduced to support initiative projects with the electronic platforms.

Building energy efficiency and conservation on air conditioning loads (Case study: residential and building development information center in Makassar)

Environmental problems are a concern of the world today, considering the exploitation of energy sources from natural resources such as coal and oil causing damage to the environment, humans and ecosystems. Sustainable development programs are strategies to meet current human needs without reducing future needs. Reducing energy consumption is one that can be done in various ways to meet sustainable development programs. 50% of energy consumption is dominated by the building sector, while 50% of building energy consumption is charged by air conditioning. Conservation and energy efficiency of the building load is carried out to achieve the target of potential energy savings of 10-30%. This study aims to analyze the air conditioning loads and conservation and efficiency strategies in the building of Information and Settlement Information Center in Makassar with a target of 10-30% energy savings. This method uses thermal balance analysis by calculating heat energy from external, internal and human heat that will be charged by AC (Air Conditioner). The Conservation Strategy by planning microclimate control with vegetation and the use of materials in building envelopes that can reduce heat and efficiency strategies on thermal comfort by raising the maximum temperature from the comfort standard can save energy from 17-19% energy. the burden on the building sector to reduce the total overall energy consumption of 8-9%.