Explicit Types Research Articles

Explicit or implicit digital humanities? An examination of search strategies to retrieve digital humanities publications from large-scale scholarly databases

Abstract As a growing research field, digital humanities (DH) is receiving increasing attention from quantitative science studies using standardized scholarly databases. However, one of the challenges of this new line of research is how to select the query strategy to produce a representative sample of the field. In this research, we analyzed the differences between two publication samples acquired from the Dimensions database using two sampling approaches, namely, a keyword search and a DH journal list. We argue that these two samples offer distinct perspectives on the conceptual landscape of digital humanities, namely, implicit DH and explicit DH, and contribute to building a more comprehensive representation of the DH research domain. We identified notable differences between the publication samples from these two query strategies, especially the fact that these two samples have a very small overlap of publications, and they also have different disciplinary orientations. Our findings indicate that future quantitative studies analyzing DH publications should use more inclusive methods to cover both the implicit and explicit types of DH contributions. Moreover, we also discussed how our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the disciplinary composition of DH, an interdisciplinary research field.

Approximate symmetries and quantum error correction

Quantum error correction (QEC) is a key concept in quantum computation as well as many areas of physics. There are fundamental tensions between continuous symmetries and QEC. One vital situation is unfolded by the Eastin–Knill theorem, which forbids the existence of QEC codes that admit transversal continuous symmetry actions (transformations). Here, we systematically study the competition between continuous symmetries and QEC in a quantitative manner. We first define a series of meaningful measures of approximate symmetries motivated from different perspectives, and then establish a series of trade-off bounds between them and QEC accuracy utilizing multiple different methods. Remarkably, the results allow us to derive general quantitative limitations of transversally implementable logical gates, an important topic in fault-tolerant quantum computation. As concrete examples, we showcase two explicit types of quantum codes, obtained from quantum Reed–Muller codes and thermodynamic codes, respectively, that nearly saturate our bounds. Finally, we discuss several potential applications of our results in physics.

A Systematic Study of Ambivalence and Well-Being in Romantic Relationships

People in close relationships can, and often do, experience ambivalence (i.e., mixed feelings) toward their romantic partner. Although ambivalence is common and consequential, research on this phenomenon is fragmented. The present work examines how four different types of ambivalence (i.e., objective, subjective, implicit-explicit, and implicit ambivalence) relate to well-being. In four intensive studies (N = 1,134) and internal meta-analyses, ambivalence was related to lower personal and relational well-being, but this association was only statistically significant for explicit (i.e., objective and subjective) types of ambivalence, with subjective ambivalence showing the strongest association, particularly for relationship outcomes. This work is the first systematic study of ambivalence and well-being in relationships and highlights the importance of capturing mixed feelings in relationship research and how such focus can benefit research on attitudinal ambivalence and well-being more broadly.

Statistical analysis and forecasting of cotton yield dynamics in Bukhara region

Observations on some phenomena, the nature of which changes in time, are ordered sequences, which is called the time series. In the article, by the method of statistical analysis of time series, the statistical regularity of the series of dynamics of the average yield of cotton in the Bukhara region, the Republic of Uzbekistan (based on the materials of the CSO of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2001-2019) was studied. Point and interval estimates for the average cotton yield were built with a 95% guarantee, explicit types of trends were determined, and yields in the region were predicted for subsequent years. With the help of Durbin-Watson statistical criteria, it was found that the average cotton yield in the region has an autocorrelation dependence.

Magical contagion beliefs operate in reactions of Americans to COVID-19

Abstract We assessed the reaction of American adults to scenarios involving explicit types of exposure to live COVID viruses in June 2020, in the first months of the COVID pandemic. Four features of magical contagion are physical contact focus, insensitivity to elapsed time (‘permanence’), insensitivity to sterilization (‘spiritual essence’), and insensitivity to dose. We demonstrated the operation of all four features in a majority of participants. We also report another dramatic demonstration of the principle of dose insensitivity. When asked for the minimal number of COVID viruses that would have to enter their lung to give them a 50% chance of contracting COVID, more than half of subjects responded with ‘one’. Magical contagion should generally function to increase fear and perceived risk of COVID.

Forecasting potato yield dynamics in the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Observations of some phenomenon, the nature of which changes over time, generates an ordered sequence, which is called a time series. The statistical regularity of the series of dynamics ȳt the average potato yield in the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan (based on the materials of the CSO of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2000-2018 year) was studied by the method of statistical analysis of time series. Point and interval estimates for the average potato yield were built with a 95% guarantee, explicit types of trends were identified and the yield in the Tashkent region was predicted for subsequent years. Using the Darbin-Watson statistical criteria, it was found that the average potato yield in the region has autocorrelation dependence.

METransE: Manifold-like mechanism enhanced embedding for reasoning over knowledge graphs

The knowledge graph (KG) has attracted much concern due to its positive effect on AI-related applications. While even for those large-scale KGs widely used, they are still far from being complete and comprehensive. This prompts reasoning over KGs to be one of the most basic and attention-grabbing tasks. However, most existing reasoning methods only focus on the semantics explicitly indicated by triples, but ignore the other valuable information hidden in the KGs that can assist in reasoning. In addition, such one-sided focus on triples also makes the embedding space completely induced by triples independently, rather than reproducing the semantics in KGs fully. All these constrain the reasoning performance. Motivated by these, we propose a more reasonable and better-performing reasoning framework that can discovery and utilize the reasoning-related experience in the KG to guide reasoning. To cooperate with such reasoning mechanism and make the embedding space more interpretable, a type-aware embedding model, METransE, is proposed. It introduces type information through our manifold-like mechanism, which considers restraining excessive aggregation of similar entities to avoid mutual confusion in reasoning, and is more suitable for the needs of KG reasoning. Furthermore, different from the previous work that highly relies on explicit types, we also take the automatic acquisition of types into account to ensure the universality of our model. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the ideal reasoning performance of our model and the type-related interpretability of the embedding space.

Verbalisation of impoliteness in comments of German politicians in Instagram news posts

This article focuses on the description of impoliteness in computer-mediated communication. The purpose of the study is to identify markers of verbal aggression a way of expressing impoliteness and to analyse the ways in which they are implemented. The material for this study was German-language comments under the Instagram posts of the largest German parties and German politicians who participated in the German Federal Chancellor elections (2021). As the main methods of research were used linguopragmatic and linguocultural types of analysis. In addition, this paper includes a continuous sampling of comments that contain signs of implicit and/or explicit verbal aggression. Then was done a contextual analysis of the selected comments. The analysis revealed that implicit and explicit types of verbal aggression are equally common in the comments under political figures' Instagram posts, and that both types of verbal aggression can be used simultaneously by the authors in the same comment. The most frequent lexical and grammatical means of implementation of verbal aggression were also distinguished. The conclusions drawn during the research can be used in further studies that focus on the peculiarities of realisation of verbal aggression in computer communication as well as in those that focus on speech culture in a computer-mediated communication.

Peer Corrective Feedback: Face-saving Strategies in Teletandem Oral Sessions

This paper aims at examining oral peer feedback in relation to facework theories within the teletandem context. Teletandem is a mode of telecollaboration in which two learners who speak different languages meet virtually in order to learn with each other by offering feedback by means of audio, video and textual resources. The study is qualitative in nature and uses an ethnographic microanalysis approach. The data utilized are recordings of 20 teletandem oral sessions stored in MulTeC (ARANHA; LOPES, 2019). The participants are three pairs of learners who interact both in Portuguese and in English. Results showed that more explicit types of reformulations may be face threatening and, in these cases, learners use strategies to save their own faces. On the other hand, more implicit types of reformulations do not seem to be face threatening and can be compared to strategies used to save other people's face.

A Classification Framework to Assess Ecological, Biogeochemical, and Hydrologic Synchrony and Asynchrony.

Ecosystems in the Anthropocene face pressures from multiple, interacting forms of environmental change. These pressures, resulting from land use change, altered hydrologic regimes, and climate change, will likely change the synchrony of ecosystem processes as distinct components of ecosystems are impacted in different ways. However, discipline-specific definitions and ad hoc methods for identifying synchrony and asynchrony have limited broader synthesis of this concept among studies and across disciplines. Drawing on concepts from ecology, hydrology, geomorphology, and biogeochemistry, we offer a unifying definition of synchrony for ecosystem science and propose a classification framework for synchrony and asynchrony of ecosystem processes. This framework classifies the relationships among ecosystem processes according to five key aspects: 1) the focal variables or relationships representative of the ecosystem processes of interest, 2) the spatial and temporal domain of interest, 3) the structural attributes of drivers and focal processes, 4) consistency in the relationships over time, and 5) the degree of causality among focal processes. Using this classification framework, we identify and differentiate types of synchrony and asynchrony, thereby providing the basis for comparing among studies and across disciplines. We apply this classification framework to existing studies in the ecological, hydrologic, geomorphic, and biogeochemical literature, and discuss potential analytical tools that can be used to quantify synchronous and asynchronous processes. Furthermore, we seek to promote understanding of how different types of synchrony or asynchrony may shift in response to ongoing environmental change by providing a universal definition and explicit types and drivers with this framework.

EFL Students' Preferences for Written Corrective Feedback: Do Error Types, Language Proficiency, and Foreign Language Enjoyment Matter?

Using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, this study investigated the preference of learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) for four types of written corrective feedback (WCF), which are often discussed in the literature, on grammatical, lexical, orthographic, and pragmatic errors. In particular, it concerned whether such preference is influenced by two learner variables, namely, foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and proficiency level. The preference for selective vs. comprehensive WCF was also examined. The participants in the study were 117 University students in a Thai EFL context. Analysis of questionnaire data revealed a tendency for learners to prefer more explicit types of WCF (i.e., metalinguistic explanation and overt correction) for most error types, irrespective of their proficiency and FLE level. High proficiency level learners rated less explicit WCF types (i.e., underlining and error code) as useful to some degree, whereas their low proficiency level counterparts did not. Similar results were found for the two FLE groups. Besides, the FLE level seemed to play a role in perceiving the value of WCF in terms of scope. The results of follow-up interviews showed that the linguistic features of learners' first language, existing knowledge of the target language, affective feelings, and teacher's role were the main factors contributing to variation in learners' preferences. Possible pedagogical implications are discussed.

A critical assessment of two-stage composite time integration schemes with a unified set of time approximations

A simple unified set of displacement and velocity approximations is presented to express various two-stage composite time integration schemes. Based on the unified approximations, two novel sets of optimized parameters are newly proposed for the implicit composite schemes to enhance the capability of conserving total energy. Two special cases of the unified approximations are also considered to overcome some shortcomings of the existing schemes. Besides, the newly proposed unified set of approximations can include many of the existing composite time integration schemes. To be specific, both implicit and explicit composite schemes can be expressed by using the unified set of approximations. Thus, both implicit and explicit types of composite schemes can be selected from the unified set by simply changing algorithmic parameters. To demonstrate advantageous features of the proposed unified set of approximations, various numerical examples are solved, and results are analyzed.

Strengthening Healthcare Service Delivery through Communities of Practice among Orthopedic Nurses in Federal Hospitals in Kano State, Nigeria

Background: This study investigates use of community of practice as a strategy for strengthening healthcare service delivery among orthopedic nurses working at some selected federal hospitals.
 Aims: The specific objectives of the study targeted to investigate the level of awareness of Orthopedic Nurses about community of practice for knowledge sharing in Federal hospitals in Kano metropolis; and to determine the type of knowledge shared through Community of Practice by Orthopedic Nurses in the hospitals; as well as to find out how Community of Practice could improve healthcare delivery through knowledge sharing among Orthopedic Nurses in the Hospitals.
 Place of Study: The study was conducted at National Orthopedic Hospital, Dala-Kano, Nigeria and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria from July 2018 to January, 2019.
 Methodology: The study adopted quantitative research approach with a self-developed questionnaire that was validated using both content and face validity. A sample size of 134 from a population of 217 was drawn with response rate of 99.3%. The study hypotheses were tested using Chi Square and ANOVA tests using SPSS version 20.0.
 Results: The study found that the level of awareness about community of practice was high. The findings show that tacit and explicit types of Knowledge were generated and shared through community of practice. 
 Conclusion: The study concludes that there is significant relationship between awareness and use of community of practice for knowledge sharing among orthopedic nurses in the hospitals under study. Similarly, the study concludes that the relationship between community of practice and knowledge sharing is reflected in job performance.

Interactions between type of form-focused instruction, type of morphosyntactic form, and type of language knowledge

AbstractAlthough claims about the nature of EFL/ESL learners’ knowledge (i. e., implicit and/or explicit) are essential to many debates in foreign/second language development, few studies have sought to evaluate the effects of linguistic and/or contextual variables on the two knowledge types. This study, accordingly, undertook to examine the effects of different explicit and implicit types of form-focused instruction (FFI) on the acquisition of four easy and difficult forms as assessed by different implicit and explicit outcome measures. The instruments utilized to assess students’ learning were: oral elicited imitation, untimed and timed grammaticality judgment, and metalinguistic knowledge tests. A pretest and two posttests were administered to 150 novice learners immediately after FFI and again after a 4-week delay. Immediate and durable effects of FFI were found for the easy and difficult target forms on both implicit and explicit knowledge measures. Specifically, the study indicated that explicit and implicit types of FFI were significantly more beneficial for explicitly-easy and implicitly-easy language forms respectively. The findings of this study may contribute a different set of insights to our understanding of the efficacy of varying types of FFI on learners’ controlled and/or spontaneous use of easy and difficult structures at early stages of L2 development.

Arithmetics and combinatorics of tropical Severi varieties of univariate polynomials

We give a description of the tropical Severi variety of univariate polynomials of degree n having two double roots. We show that, as a set, it is given as the union of three explicit types of cones of maximal dimension n − 1, where only cones of two of these types are cones of the secondary fan of {0,..., n}. Through Kapranov’s theorem, this goal is achieved by a careful study of the possible valuations of the elementary symmetric functions of the roots of a polynomial with two double roots. Despite its apparent simplicity, the computation of the tropical Severi variety has both combinatorial and arithmetic ingredients.

A Comparison of Implicit and Explicit Motor Sequence Learning in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

This study tends to assess implicit and explicit types of motor learning in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and normal peers by means of a serial reaction time. Sample size was 15 for each group and Samples included 30 patients with MS and 30 normal peers and were assigned to implicit and explicit learning groups. A repeated measures ANOVA was used for measuring reaction time and response error, and a paired samples t-test was used to compare regular and irregular sequence data in each group. Comparison of these two types of learning in speed (response time) and accuracy (number of errors) showed the number of errors (P = 0.012) and response time (P = 0.012) in the implicit motor learning group of MS patients and the number of errors (P = 0.096) and response time (P = 0.954) in the explicit motor learning group of MS patients. Moreover, comparison showed the number of errors (P = 0.008) and response time (P = 0.05) in the implicit group of normal peers and the number of errors (P = 0.011) and response time (P = 0.442) in the explicit group of normal peers. The results showed that explaining and describing the task is less effective at training the motor sequence of MS patients and that these patients benefit more from implicit learning.

A computational technique for determining the fundamental unit in explicit types of real quadratic number fields

A computational technique for determining the fundamental unit in explicit types of real quadratic number fields

A comparison of EFL teachers’ and students’ attitudes to oral corrective feedback

ABSTRACTA relatively small number of studies on beliefs about oral corrective feedback (CF) have uncovered a mismatch between teachers’ and students’ attitudes which is potentially harmful to the language learning process, not only because students may become demotivated when their expectations are not met, but also because teachers appear to be reluctant to provide oral CF. One of the reasons why teachers may feel this way seems to be that they are worried about triggering negative emotions in their students. So far, however, hardly any research exists which takes students’ affective responses to CF into account. Previous studies have also neglected to investigate how students prefer to be corrected. Against this background, the present survey study asked 395 students and 46 teachers of English as a foreign language what their attitudes and feelings are with regard to oral CF. Previous findings that students want to be corrected much more than their teachers feel inclined to do were confirmed. Moreover, students were found to be much more positive about explicit types of CF than their teachers are, and to experience positive emotions when receiving CF.

Exploring Different Oral Corrective Feedback Preferences: Role of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Intelligences

This study explored corrective feedback (CF) types and their relationship to L2 learners’ intelligence types. Participants were 60 intermediate L2 learners aged 18-29 in Isfahan, Iran. Based on their intelligence types as intrapersonal and interpersonal, the participants were divided into 2 groups. McKenzie’s MI Inventory (1999) and a researcher-designed questionnaire on CF types were employed. Spearman correlation was applied to find out the relationship between the participants’ intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences and their preferred CF. Then, multiple regression analysis was run to indicate the significant representation of the specific CF among the participants. Results revealed that there was a strong positive relationship between the participants’ intrapersonal intelligence and explicit types of CF. Regression computations indicated that the interpersonal participants showed a great significant tendency towards repetition, paralinguistic signs, clarification requests, and translation; however, conversational and didactic recasts as well as elicitation, explicit, and metalinguistic CF made a unique and significant contribution to the intrapersonal participants. Accordingly, L2 teachers should take into account their learners’ preferred CF types in their teaching and, consequently, suggest activities designed to help them make maximum use of their intelligence types. L2 teachers could also adapt their classroom activities to their learners’ intelligences and CF types to create the most productive learning environment.

Transformation of Arden Syntax's medical logic modules into ArdenML for a business rules management system.

Arden Syntax is a Health Level Seven International (HL7) standard language that is used for representing medical knowledge as logic statements. Arden Syntax Markup Language (ArdenML) is a new representation of Arden Syntax based on XML. Compilers are required to execute medical logic modules (MLMs) in the hospital environment. However, ArdenML may also replace the compiler. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that MLMs, encoded in ArdenML, can be transformed into a commercial rule engine format through an XSLT stylesheet and made executable in a target system. The target rule engine selected was Blaze Advisor. We developed an XSLT stylesheet to transform MLMs in ArdenML into Structured Rules Language (SRL) in Blaze Advisor, through a comparison of syntax between the two languages. The stylesheet was then refined recursively, by building and applying rules collected from the billing and coding guidelines of the Korean health insurance service. Two nurse coders collected and verified the rules and two information technology (IT) specialists encoded the MLMs and built the XSLT stylesheet. Finally, the stylesheet was validated by importing the MLMs into Blaze Advisor and applying them to claims data. The language comparison revealed that Blaze Advisor requires the declaration of variables with explicit types. We used both integer and real numbers for numeric types in ArdenML. "IF∼THEN" statements and assignment statements in ArdenML become rules in Blaze Advisor. We designed an XSLT stylesheet to solve this issue. In addition, we maintained the order of rule execution in the transformed rules, and added two small programs to support variable declarations and action statements. A total of 1489 rules were reviewed during this study, of which 324 rules were collected. We removed duplicate rules and encoded 241 unique MLMs in ArdenML, which were successfully transformed into SRL and imported to Blaze Advisor via the XSLT stylesheet. When applied to 73,841 outpatients' insurance claims data, the review result was the same as that of the legacy system. We have demonstrated that ArdenML can replace a compiler for transforming MLMs into commercial rule engine format. While the proposed XSLT stylesheet requires refinement for general use, we anticipate that the development of further XSLT stylesheets will support various rule engines.