Explicit Objectives Research Articles

Recent Advances on Chitosan Nanoparticles

The focal point of this survey is to give an outline of the chitosan based nanoparticles for different non-parenteral applications and furthermore to put a focus on flow research including supported delivery and mucoadhesive chitosan measurement structures. Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer viewed as safe for human dietary use and endorsed for wound dressing applications. Chitosan has been utilized as a transporter in polymeric nanoparticles for drug conveyance through different courses of organization. Chitosan has synthetic useful gatherings that can be adjusted to accomplish explicit objectives, making it a polymer with an enormous scope of expected applications. Nanoparticles (NP) ready with chitosan and chitosan subsidiaries ordinarily have a positive surface charge and mucoadhesive properties to such an extent that can hold fast to bodily fluid films and delivery the medication payload in a supported delivery way. Chitosan-based NP have different applications in non-parenteral medication conveyance for the therapy of malignant growth, gastrointestinal illnesses, aspiratory sicknesses, drug conveyance to the mind and visual contaminations which will be exemplified in this survey. Chitosan shows low poisonousness both in vitro and some in vivo models. This survey investigates ongoing exploration on chitosan based NP for non-parenteral medication conveyance, chitosan properties, adjustment, poisonousness, pharmacokinetics and preclinical examinations.

A tale of dualization: accounting for the partial marketization of regulated savings in France

As in other countries, regulated savings in France are intricately woven into dense regulatory frameworks driven by explicit governmental objectives. The anticipated marketization of the French economy should have eradicated them; however, a substantial portion of regulated savings has managed to evade this process. Is this phenomenon attributable to the tenacious grip of the French state-led tradition? Not entirely, as another subset of these savings has indeed undergone marketization. The landscape of French regulated savings is notably distinguished by a growing dichotomy: on one side, non-marketized products offered by banks, and on the other, increasingly marketized products provided by insurers. Drawing upon process tracing, we contend that these ostensibly conflicting developments emanate from the distinct and precise institutional dependencies between state and private actors in which these products are enmeshed. The prevailing status quo within the banking sector is owed to banks’ engagement in a mutually advantageous, long-term exchange of favors with state actors. Faced with the trade-off between offering less lucrative products and risking the endangerment of this relationship, banks have opted for the former. In contrast, an assertive strategy has gained traction in the insurance industry. Yet, strategies for the marketization of regulated savings aligned with state priorities have been implemented, even when insurers expressed opposition.

Toward sustainable harvest strategies for marine fisheries that include recreational fishing

AbstractRecreational fishing (RF) is a large yet undervalued component of fisheries globally. While progress has been made in monitoring, assessing, and managing the sector in isolation, integration of RF into the management of multi‐sector fisheries has been limited, particularly relative to the commercial sector. This marginalises recreational fishers and reduces the likelihood of achieving the sector's objectives and, more broadly, achieving fisheries sustainability. We examined the nature and extent of RF inclusion in harvest strategies (HSs) for marine fisheries across 15 regions in 11 nations to define the gap in inclusion that has developed between sectors. We focused on high‐income nations with a high level of RF governance and used a questionnaire to elicit expert knowledge on HSs due to the paucity of published documents. In total, 339 HSs were considered. We found that RF inclusion in HSs was more similar to the small‐scale sector (i.e., artisanal, cultural, or subsistence) than the commercial sector, with explicit operational objectives, data collection, performance indicators, reference points, and management controls lacking in many regions. Where specified, RF objectives focused on sustainability, economic value and catch allocation rather than directly relating to the recreational fishing experience. Conflicts with other sectors included competition with the commercial sector for limited resources, highlighting the importance of equitable resource allocation policies alongside HSs. We propose that RF be explicitly incorporated into HSs to ensure fisheries are ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable, and we recommend that fisheries organisations urgently review HSs for marine fisheries with a recreational component to close the harvest strategy gap among sectors.

A Taxonomic Survey of Physics-Informed Machine Learning

Physics-informed machine learning (PIML) refers to the emerging area of extracting physically relevant solutions to complex multiscale modeling problems lacking sufficient quantity and veracity of data with learning models informed by physically relevant prior information. This work discusses the recent critical advancements in the PIML domain. Novel methods and applications of domain decomposition in physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) in particular are highlighted. Additionally, we explore recent works toward utilizing neural operator learning to intuit relationships in physics systems traditionally modeled by sets of complex governing equations and solved with expensive differentiation techniques. Finally, expansive applications of traditional physics-informed machine learning and potential limitations are discussed. In addition to summarizing recent work, we propose a novel taxonomic structure to catalog physics-informed machine learning based on how the physics-information is derived and injected into the machine learning process. The taxonomy assumes the explicit objectives of facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration in methodology, thereby promoting a wider characterization of what types of physics problems are served by the physics-informed learning machines and assisting in identifying suitable targets for future work. To summarize, the major twofold goal of this work is to summarize recent advancements and introduce a taxonomic catalog for applications of physics-informed machine learning.

Tujuan Instruksional Khusus dalam Desain Instruksional Modern dalam Analisis Proses Pembuatan TP dan ATP di Kelas 1 SDN 15 Tangerang

This research is expected to reveal the uniqueness of the educational goals that are structured in SDN 15 TANGERANG. The strategy to be used during the exam is riveting technique through subjective methodology. The item to be contemplated is a class 1 teacher at SDN 15 TANGERANG. The interactions that will be used this time are interview and documentation strategies. The breakdown of explicit learning objectives includes only students and behaviors. The presentation technique is that most of the teachers apply a speaking strategy using powerpoint slide media which occurs when web-based learning begins and online question and answer then assignments are given online and assignments are collected. The implementation of special education is recognized by having a facilitator responsible for equipment and supplies, for example the main daily schedule called the homeroom teacher, which has configuration factors, namely: 1) Mastery of web-based learning planning; 2) Acknowledgment of educator preparation; 3) Skills in applying ideas to new situations in various ways; 4) make the school a learning association; 5) Schools can supervise in organizing, coordinating, planning and managing; 6) the capacity to overcome problems with a methodical movement towards learning; 7) Ability to describe and assess mastery results.

Revealing the Hidden Clerkship Curriculum: A Qualitative Analysis.

Family medicine (FM) clerkships have learning objectives to define what students should learn by the end of their clerkship, but how do we know what larger lessons students are taking away? This study aimed to explore the FM clerkship explicit and hidden curriculum. Students were asked to list their top five take-home points at the end of their FM clerkship at two institutions. A total of 668 written reflections were qualitatively analyzed. Thirteen code categories emerged: scope of practice, health care systems, role of FM in the system, traits of a family doctor, values of FM, cultural competency and social justice, challenges of FM care, evidence-based medicine, clinical skills for a student, personal impact, life skills and tips, patient centeredness, and clinical pearls. Prominent subcategories included prevention, team-based care, doctor-patient relationship, and continuity of care. When compared to the FM clerkship learning objectives at both institutions, four code categories emerged that were not part of the explicit objectives: traits of a family doctor, challenges in FM care, personal impact, and life skills and tips. Conversely, some nuances of the learning objective of FM in the health care system regarding decreasing cost and improving health outcomes and equity were not represented in the coded categories of student responses. These findings could potentially help FM clerkships nationally define ways to improve messaging around challenges in FM care and help the 25 x 2030 initiative to produce more family physicians in the United States.

Structured Decision Making to Prioritize Regional Bird Monitoring Needs

Conservation planning for large ecosystems has multiple benefits but is often challenging to implement because of the multiple jurisdictions, species, and habitats involved. In addition, decision making at large spatial scales can be hampered because many approaches do not explicitly incorporate potentially competing values and concerns of stakeholders. After the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, establishing baselines was challenging because of (1) variation in study designs, (2) inconsistent use of explicit objectives and hypotheses, (3) inconsistent use of standardized monitoring protocols, and (4) variation in spatial and temporal scope associated with avian monitoring projects before the spill. Herein, we show how the Gulf of Mexico Avian Monitoring Network members used structured decision making to identify bird monitoring priorities. We used multiple tools and techniques to clearly define the problem and stakeholder objectives and to identify bird monitoring priorities at the scale of the entire northern Gulf of Mexico region. Although our example is specific to the northern Gulf of Mexico, this approach provides an example of how stakeholder values can be incorporated into the coordination process of broad-scale monitoring programs to address management, restoration, and scientific questions in other ecosystems and for other taxa. History: This paper was refereed. This paper was accepted for the Special Issue of INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics—Decision Analysis. Funding: Thanks to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [Grant 324423], which supported A. Fournier as a postdoctoral research associate at Mississippi State University. M. Woodrey was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project funds, the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [Grant NA16NOS4200088 to the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources’ Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve], and the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources [Grant 8200025414]. This publication is a contribution of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. T. Zenzal was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RESTORE Act Science Program [Grant NA17NOS4510092].

Influence of Principal Leadership on School Goal Framing in Kuresoi Sub-County of Nakuru County, Kenya

This study investigated the influence of Principal Leadership on School Goal Framing in Kuresoi Sub-county of Nakuru County, Kenya. The theory used is Instructional Leadership Theory and the objective was to determine the influence of Principal Leadership on School Goal Framing in Kuresoi Sub-county of Nakuru County, Kenya. A quantitative study approach was employed to gather data through closed-ended questionnaires distributed to 266 participants, consisting of 38 principals, 38 deputy principals, and 190 heads of departments (HODs). The research findings indicate that on an annual basis, principals, deputy principals, and heads of departments engage in collaborative efforts to develop school-wide objectives. The joint effort was consistently undertaken by 42.1% of principals, 36.8% of deputy principals, and 46.3% of heads of departments. Moreover, after examining educational objectives and clarifying faculty duties, it was found that 47.4% of principals and 51.1% of Heads of Departments (HODs) consistently engaged in the procedure. It is worth noting that a significant proportion of deputies, specifically 44.7%, expressed a preference for the “almost usually” category. In contrast, a slightly higher percentage, 47.4%, reported employing needs assessments or other formal procedures to evaluate staff and establish goals. Using student performance data for goal-setting was observed in 36.8% of cases among principals and deputies. Similarly, 38.4% of Heads of Departments (HODs) consistently exploited such data, while 37.9% did so frequently. In summary, the data indicates that most principals (55.3%) and heads of departments (38.4%) frequently formulate explicit and pertinent objectives readily available to educators across different hierarchical levels. The present study addresses a notable void in the current body of literature by providing insights into the unique characteristics of public schools in Kenya and emphasising the crucial significance of principal leadership. The above findings hold significant value for policymakers, educators, and academic institutions, as they can provide guidance and reshape leadership paradigms to promote progress within the education sector.

Audit & Feedback: how it works.

This article is the first of a series that aims to describe the Audit & Feedback (A&F) methodology. Some key elements focus on what A&F is and how it works. While it is an effective tool for promoting change in professional behaviour and improving the quality of care, there is still substantial uncertainty concerning how to implement A&F interventions to maximize its effects. The article explains how to design effective A&F on relevant issues, considering the available literature and direct experiences conducted in the National Health System (NHS). A&F interventions should aim to achieve clear, attainable, and evaluable objectives, which concern aspects of care for which there is solid evidence of literature and potential space for improvement. Based on data that measure any distance between what is expected and observed in local practice, the feedback must turn to those who can pursue the proposed change and who must trust the data collection and analysis process. Feedback should be provided more than once, in verbal and written form, and might include explicit objectives and an action plan. When planning A&F interventions, it is essential to provide specific data (e.g., aggregated at the level of a team, department, or individual doctor) rather than general, sending them directly to the professional or department involved rather than generically to the healthcare organization involved. In addition, it is essential to simplify the message so that the staff who receives the feedback can quickly understand the quality of the performance addressed and how to change it. Finally, it is necessary to encourage collaboration between the various healthcare professionals responsible for the quality of care and competence for improvement interventions (health professions, health management, quality expert personnel, and methodologists). Networking between staff improves the knowledge and effectiveness of A&F. This article finally proposes practical examples of two main aspects of A&F planning from the context of the EASY-NET program: how to increase the participation and involvement of the recipients of the intervention and the related pros and cons regarding the choice between the use of routinely available data from health information systems (SIS) and data collected ad hoc.

Analyzing the value chain for vegetables in the North-Eastern part of Bangladesh

This paper aims to explore the value chain of vegetables with the explicit objectives of observing actors’ performance in the chain and examining vegetable supply factors in the market. The primary data were gathered from 150 value chain actors in the North-Eastern part of Bangladesh, using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. The major actors were input suppliers, producers, local traders (Paiker-1/Bepari, Arathdar, and Paiker cum retailers), and retailers. Input supply, production, marketing, and consumption were the typical value chain activities. Before reaching the end-users, a minimum value has been added to the products. A local trader named Paiker-1/Bepari governed the chain. They had a capital advantage over the other traders. The regression models’ outcomes showed that marketable supply was significantly affected by the quantity of production and distance to market in tomato, cabbage, and cauliflower. However, in the case of beans, it was considerably affected by output, remoteness from the marketplace, and access to training.

How has the COVID Crisis Impacted Local Governments’ Sustainability Efforts? An Examination of Initial Effects

Although many U.S. municipalities have adopted climate protection and sustainability as explicit objectives, they are not among their traditional responsibilities. As a result, compared to policies focused around core functions, those related to sustainability may be at greater risk of retrenchment or change in times of crisis. This research examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted local governments’ sustainability efforts. Using data from a nation-wide survey, we examine the degree to which the pandemic has affected programmatic priorities, resources, and operations related to sustainability. Findings indicate that the pandemic hurt the implementation of sustainability initiatives in almost half of U.S. cities. At the same time, many cities increased the priority of economic and social sustainability initiatives in response to the pandemic. Cities which have formally included sustainability principles into a city plan appear more sensitive to COVID-induced challenges to their program operations.

When a King of Norway Became a King of Russia

When a King of Norway Became a King of Russia

Evolution of Technology in Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) is a multidisciplinary field whose objective is to mechanize exercises that by and by require human knowledge. Late accomplishments in A.I. incorporate mechanized clinical diagnosticians and frameworks that naturally redo equipment to specific client prerequisites. The serious pain points tended to in A.I. can be summed up as Perception, Manipulation, Reasoning, Communication, and Learning. Discernment is worried about building models of the actual world from tactile information (visual, sound, and so on) Control is worried about articulating extremities (e.g., mechanical arms, velocity gadgets) to affect an optimal state in the real world. Thinking is worried about more significant level mental capacities like preparation, reaching inferential determinations from a world model, diagnosing, planning, and so on Correspondence treats the issue comprehension and passing on data using language. At long last, Learning treats the issue of consequently further developing framework execution after some time in view of the framework's insight. Various huge particular thoughts have risen up out of A.I. that bind together these different trouble spots and that structure the underpinning of the logical discipline. By and large, A.I. frameworks work in view of a Knowledge Base of realities and decides that portray the framework's space of capability. The components of a Knowledge Base comprise of autonomously legitimate (or if nothing else conceivable) lumps of data. The framework should naturally sort out and use this data to tackle the particular issues that it experiences. This association cycle can be for the most part described as a Search coordinated toward explicit objectives. The pursuit is made complex in light of the need to decide the significance of data and in view of the incessant event of unsure and uncertain information. Heuristics give the A.I. framework with a component for centering its consideration and controlling its looking through processes. The fundamentally versatile association of A.I. frameworks yields the necessity for A.I. computational Architectures. All data utilized by the system ought to be tended to inside such a plan. The obtaining and encoding of true information into A.I. design contains the subfield of Knowledge Engineering

Evidence to Inform Resilience Policy in the SADC: Current Limitations and Future Research Areas

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) and its member countries are potentially vulnerable to external disturbances, including environmental, economic, and social shocks. Regional policy emphasizes interventions to ensure long-term growth and development in the face of potential disturbance. Current emphasis is placed on mitigating the impact of climate change, including the creation of the SADC Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan. However, the need for long-term adaptation and associated policy is evident to reduce regional vulnerabilities. Research is an important source of evidence to support policymaking, with specific importance to institutions in developing regions such as the SADC and during times of global change and disruption. SADC development policy related to resilience outcomes ought to be informed by research. This paper investigates the extent to which existing research supports regional resilience policymaking. Objectives include investigating available research on resilience in the SADC, identifying potential limitations, and delineating areas of future research to be considered by researchers that contribute to knowledge and evidence creation. A bibliometric review and selective content review of existing research were utilized. Relevant publications for the aforesaid analysis were delineated using the source concepts “resilience”, “adaptation”, “adaptability”, and “Southern African Development Community” (or “SADC”). Using the SCOPUS database, bibliometric data of 65 publications were imported into the VOSviewer application (v.1.6.17). Keyword occurrences and network and overlay visualizations were applied to identify the research themes underlying current research. The findings, which were supported by the selective content review, indicate that existing research focuses primarily on environmental and social disturbances, while the applicable regional planning scale and development policy are considered to a limited extent. Areas of future research ought to create evidence that is thematically relevant to policy areas and applicable to policy interventions, which necessitates increased research on economic disturbances, a broadening of existing themes to the appropriate regional planning scale, and consideration of explicit regional development objectives and policy. Transdisciplinarity ought to be central to future research on the diverse disturbances facing the region, while researchers ought to leverage knowledge-creation opportunities catalyzed by SDG implementation.

Adoption of social commerce: An empirical analysis in the context of Pakistan

Businesses are utilizing social media extensively to increase the opportunities for traditional and online businesses. However, the driving factors affecting both consumers’ and proprietors’ behavior are not well investigated so far in the context of developing countries like Pakistan. Persuading extended social commerce technology acceptance model (TAM) theory and theory of reasoned action (TRA), this paper investigates behavioral intention to use social commerce. The quantitative exploratory research approach was applied to accomplish the explicit research aims and objectives using the survey data from 2019 respondent consumers/firms active in six metropolitan cities of Pakistan. The study findings indicate a significant positive influence on behavioral intention to adopt social commerce is appraised with a greater level of perceived ease of use, usefulness, social influence, and risk factors. In the conclusion, this paper discusses research implications and utilization of the most recent ICT advancements helping business people and investors develop new commerce procedures and processes.

Global Research Trends on Building Indoor Environmental Quality Modelling and Indexing Systems—A Scientometric Review

The purpose of this study is to provide a holistic review of two decades of research advancement in the indoor environmental quality modelling and indexing field (IEQMI) using bibliometric analysis methods. The explicit objectives of the present study are: (1) identifying researchers, institutions, countries (territories), and journals with the most influence in the IEQMI topic; (2) investigating the hot topics in the IEQMI field; and (3) thematically analysing the keyword evolution in the IEQMI field. A scientometric review was conducted using the bibliometric data of 456 IEQMI research articles published in the past two decades. VOSviewer software was employed for bibliometric analysis, and the SciMAT tool was used to investigate the keywords’ thematic evolution in three sub-periods (2004–2009; 2010–2015; 2016–2021). Results show that there is a continuous increment in the number of published papers in the field of IEQMI, and 60 out of 193 countries in the world have been involved in IEQMI studies. The IEQMI research mainly focuses on: (a) thermal comfort and energy efficiency; (b) occupant satisfaction and comfort; (c) IAQ and health issues; (d) methods and procedures. This field has undergone significant evolution. While ‘indoor environmental quality was initially the only theme in the first period’, ‘occupant satisfaction’, ‘buildings’, ‘impact’, ‘building information modelling’, and ‘health’ were added as the main thematic areas in the second period; ‘occupant behaviour’ and ‘energy’ were novel themes in IEQMI studies receiving much attention in the third period.

‘I know how researchers are […] taking more from you than they give you’: tensions and possibilities of youth participatory action research in sport for development

ABSTRACT Critical scholarship in sport for development (SfD) advocates transformative research to disrupt the historical colonising view of sport as a vehicle to acculturate people into the values and norms of dominant Western culture. Youth participatory action research (YPAR) involves youth throughout the research process and consequently has the potential to challenge hegemonic forms of knowledge production in SfD. In reality, however, authentic engagement of co-researchers in the research process is often largely confined to data collection. This article draws on the decolonising lens as a theoretical framework to examine tensions, possibilities, and power relations that researchers and co-researchers encounter when co-designing and implementing YPAR in SfD. The project comprised a sixteen-week YPAR in a community-based football programme in Melbourne, Australia. Data collection comprised weekly collaborative meetings, observations collected as field notes, artefacts produced by participants, interviews, and reflective meetings. Findings centred on three themes: (a) finding sensitive ways to navigate the tensions of building trust and rapport; (b) negotiating the struggle between the co-researchers and the coaches about the use of space within the sport context; and (c) the challenges of relinquishing power in research and knowledge production, as reflected in our collective struggle to communicate to participants the value of YPAR for themselves and their communities. The findings challenge a romantic view that YPAR is guaranteed to be an empowering experience for young people; instead, they foreground the complexities and messiness of the process of sharing power with co-researchers in SfD. We conclude by advocating for critical, reflexive YPAR with explicit social transformation objectives to work toward the co-production of knowledge with young people.

Governing and organizing for participation and engagement. What can we learn from social cooperation?

The present article shall analyse how organizations can activate stakeholder participation processes. Specifically, this article examines select participatory projects that were identified, developed and implemented within a network of Italian social cooperatives focusing on work integration. An area, therefore, in which worker participation is geared at pursuing explicit social objectives whilst enhancing innovative capacity, thus improving overall competitiveness and economic sustainability. Within this context, the paper focuses in particular on the organizational processes and schemes that promote stakeholder empowerment and active involvement, beyond the existence of formal governance structures and management bodies. The paper is structured in two parts. The first draws from the literature to analyse the importance of participation within companies, focusing on social enterprises, and discusses the structural and procedural features of inclusive governance. The second part examines the experience of the CAUTO network of social cooperatives in Italy and its participatory practices, paying particular attention to the key features of the organizational context in which they arose, the project structure that characterized them, and their replicability in other contexts.

Climate change and intensifying human use call for a monitoring upgrade of the Dutch North Sea

Regulatory monitoring of the Dutch part of the southern North Sea does not provide sufficient information to understand the observed changes in the physical, chemical and ecological environment. As a result, the Dutch North Sea policy and management is not appropriately supported by data. The monitoring lacks explicit objectives for integrated management and knowledge enhancement about system functioning. Ecological processes are not included in the programs. There is neither integration of monitoring of physical, chemical and biological parameters, nor is there integration of regulatory monitoring, project monitoring and applied in-depth research. In the meantime, the effects of climate change, the upscaling of renewable energy, and plans for intensifying offshore aquaculture make appropriate monitoring even more urgent. The Dutch North Sea management is therefore faced with the challenge of adapting the current monitoring without compromising continuity. This can be done by making monitoring hypothesis-driven, setting up an integrated monitoring strategy based on regulatory and project-based monitoring, combining structure and process measurements, applying new smart automated techniques, increased use of modelling and remote sensing, and conducting in-depth measurement campaigns. As the North Sea is bordered by several countries, such a renewed effort should be done in coordination with these countries.

Using movement models and systematic conservation planning to inform marine protected area design for a multi-species predator community

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly applied to regulate fishing and conserve marine biodiversity. Yet, MPAs are often designed without sufficient ecological knowledge of the species they are intended to protect. This is particularly relevant to large and wide-ranging marine predators including many elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), for which region-specific space-use information is limited. Further, uncertainty remains in how to integrate movement datasets with systematic conservation planning frameworks to meet explicit conservation objectives. We addressed these knowledge gaps by combining movement models, constructed from passive acoustic telemetry data for eight elasmobranch species, and systematic conservation planning to investigate the design and adequacy of MPAs in Bimini, The Bahamas. Currently, there is a proposal for a no-take MPA in North Bimini (NBMPA), although it is unclear how this MPA would benefit elasmobranch communities if or when implemented. Our results show that although the NBMPA would contribute to elasmobranch conservation, the supplementation with an additional MPA southwest of Bimini would be necessary to protect important habitats for multiple elasmobranch species. This southwestern area was highlighted as a conservation priority area of both permanent MPA designs as well as seasonal time-area closures, regardless of NBMPA implementation status and conservation targets considered in this study. Our integrative approach also demonstrates its ability to optimize MPA designs for marine predator communities, combining multi-species movement models, constructed from acoustic telemetry datasets that include space-use estimates over multiple years, with MPA optimization tools.