Explicit Directions Research Articles

Studies in Insecticidal Activity

An attempt has been made to establish the testing of household insecticides on a sound and comparable basis. The necessity for the reduction of variables to a minimum is pointed out and it is suggested that a definite standard be adopted for time, temperature, humidity, insecticide concentration, spray concentration, pressure in sprayer, air condition, angle of spray, kind of insect, and condition of insect. Emphasis is placed upon the fact that many tests and extended observations are necessary and explicit directions for conducting tests upon flies are given.

BETTER RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

I We need better methods of religious education in our churches. We do not need more of the kind of religious training that is being promoted by the average Sunday school today. Practically everyone is fully aware of this fact. We shall mention, therefore, new methods which might be introduced, and give some explicit directions about making the transition from the old to the new. One expression focalizes quite well the educational procedure we are emphasizing today: pupil centered education. Jesus pointed out this approach when he placed the child central in his plan of kingdom building. In other words, we are endeavoring to re-discover the child today and give him his rightful place in our system of religious education for the local church. There are those who at once disclaim any neglect of the child in their educational efforts. They say, we aim faithfully to teach the child every Sunday; we have a good attendance of children and youth at our Sunday school; our Sunday school is more popular than our regular church services. We reply that zeal on the part of most religious teachers for developing Christian life in children is not challenged in our analysis of present day procedures. We need much more than zeal in an educator. We need to educate in accordance with the best known principles of growth and development. In

Solving Arithmetic Problems. II

Previous articleNext article FreeSolving Arithmetic Problems. IICarleton W. Washburne and Raymond OsborneCarleton W. Washburne Search for more articles by this author and Raymond Osborne Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Elementary School Journal Volume 27, Number 4Dec., 1926 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/462005 Views: 2Total views on this site Citations: 3Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1926 University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Nara Vilma Lima Pinheiro Do cálculo ao problema: um caminho a trilhar a partir de resultados científicos, Ciência & Educação (Bauru) 27 (Jan 2021).https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-731320210038Felipe J. Almuna Salgado The role of context and context familiarity on mathematics problems, Revista Latinoamericana de Investigación en Matemática Educativa 20, no.33 (Nov 2017): 265–292.https://doi.org/10.12802/relime.17.2031Sheila K. Hollander A Review of Research Related to the Solution of Verbal Arithmetic Problems*, School Science and Mathematics 78, no.11 (Mar 2010): 59–70.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1978.tb09307.x

Apparatus for the Determination of Color in Terms of Dominant Wave-Length, Purity and Brightness*

Description of an assembly of apparatus consisting of a “monochromatic colorimeter” (previously so called) and complete accessory apparatus for the determination of dominant wave-length, purity and transmission or reflection for white light under definitely specified conditions.The apparatus is described as it has been actually used at the Bureau of Standards since March 1923.Salient features of the apparatus and its use are: (1)The use of a specified artificial white light, field illumination being from incandescent filament lamps.(2)The diffusion sphere for the diffuse illumination of samples to be examined by reflection.(3)The convenient arrangement for handling samples to be examined in either transmitted or reflected light.(4)The convenient arrangement for the simultaneous adjustment of dominant wave-length, purity and brightness in the mixture field to match the juxtaposed sample field.(5)The analysis of the mixture of homogeneous and white light by a substitution flicker method.Details of design of the apparatus, explicit directions for its use and data on its performance as regards precision and accuracy, including extensive tests of the additivity of homogeneous and white brightnesses, are given. These data support the theorem that brightnesses due respectively to homogeneous and heterogeneous stimuli are strictly additive.

The Sentinel Milk Steriliser

IN the directions for use issued with the “Sentinel” steriliser, it is not stated that the apparatus should be filled or thereabouts; in consequence the variations in temperature with different volumes were tested. It may not always be convenient or requisite in the household to sterilise the full amount, and unless explicit directions on this point are given, smaller quantities will be treated, with the result indicated. With regard to the thermal death point of the tubercle bacillus, I am acquainted with the researches of Bang, Galtier, de Man, MacFadyean, and others. Undoubtedly 85° C. is a safe temperature, but the claim that the milk is unaltered in flavour and nutritive qualities thereby cannot be substantiated. In view of Theobald Smith's most careful work, which, so far as I know, has not been challenged, it seems that, provided the milk be heated in a closed vessel so that no skin forms on the surface, pasteurisation at 68° C. for 20 minutes will kill the tubercle bacillus with certainty, and this treatment but slightly alters the flavour of the milk. It may be wise to select the higher temperature, but it should not be stated that the milk is practically unaltered Ihereby.

A Proprietary Medicine.

Ogden, Utah, Aug. 4, 1900. To the Editor: —The owners of a certain secret proprietary remedy—known as antikamnia—have recently scattered broadcast among the laity of this city—and probably of other cities —untold numbers of pictures, on the backs of which appear the many indications and explicit directions for the use of the stuff, accompanied by a glowing apostrophe to Dear Doctor, may your faith never grow less, etc., which I enclose. It has long been a mystery to me how sensible physicians could prescribe such substances. The picture seems especially appropriate in this connection, considering the working propensities of both. Very respectfully,

Our Book Shelf

THESE consist of a series of twenty-seven plates, with accompanying descriptions (large octavo), said by their originator to embody “explicit directions for examining portions of the cat, and the heart, eye, and brain of the sheep, as an aid in the study of elementary physiology.” The author is well known in anatomical circles as the founder of a notoriously ambitious terminology, not wholly destitute of useful points. This present venture has furnished him a new peg upon which to hang this, and his title savours of the kind of treatment which the subject receives at his hands. Plate xviii. Fig. 19(which deals with the “pelvic viscera, etc”.[sic], of the female cat), and Plate xiii. Fig. 14 (which is said to represent the “head and neck of cat partly dissected ”), may be taken as fair examples. With their faulty delineation of things which may be at once determined from descriptions alone, their ugly letters sprawling over them, and their apologetic descriptions, they are useless and uncalled for; and the matter is the more nauseous, as more than one finished anatomical treatise happens to deal with this animal. We put the plates down with the feeling that they are calculated to repel rather than encourage the student, and that although they may be of service in the work of the Cornell University, in connection with which they have arisen, there would be cause for alarm should they be adopted elsewhere.

Familiar Forms of Nervous Disease.

The object of this handy volume is to make known to practitioners the recent marked advances in neurological medicine, particularly in the direction of the localization of brain and spinal cord lesions with special reference to diagnosis and medical and surgical treatment. It is in no sense a text-book or systematic treatise on diseases of the nervous system but, as set forth by the author, a systematic digest of the work in the Nervous Clinic of the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons. The first seven chapters give a brief but very clear outline of the present knowledge of cortical function and localization, while chapter six, on aphasia and the cortical areas governing language, is particularly clear and valuable. The explicit directions for the thorough examination of patients presenting difficulties of speech from cerebral causes are worthy great attention. Chapters ten and eleven are devoted to a discussion of