Explicit Application Research Articles

Centering Diverse Communities within Mindful Parenting Interventions in the U.S.: A Narrative Literature Review

Background: While mindfulness-based interventions targeted toward parents (and families) in the U.S. offer promise for the treatment and prevention of youth psychological disorders, current research has established the underrepresentation of diverse participants in the research literature. The full extent of inequalities in the demographics of participation in parent mindfulness intervention is less understood. Objective: This study aimed to utilize a narrative literature review approach to examine and describe the degree to which research on mindful parenting interventions is inclusive of BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) communities, non-clinical samples (no diagnosed disorder), cultural adaptions, and skills specific to parenting. Methods: An electronic database search of US-based studies was undertaken for empirical studies that primarily focused on parent mindfulness interventions, which reported outcomes related to either parenting behaviors or child mental health outcomes. After a full-text review, the search resulted in 34 articles. A narrative literature review of the 34 studies was conducted to assess the inclusion of BIPOC communities, non-clinical samples, cultural adaptions, and skills specific to parenting. Results: This review found notable gaps in the degree to which mindful parenting research (1) included BIPOC populations in study samples; (2) focused on non-clinical samples; (3) adapted interventions to align with the cultural needs of participants; and (4) included the application of mindfulness to enhancing knowledge, skills, and behaviors specific to parenting. Conclusions: Given these gaps in the parent mindfulness literature, greater research attention is needed on mindful parenting interventions targeted toward BIPOC communities with no clinical diagnoses, interventions optimized by cultural adaptations, and explicit applications to parenting.

A new proximal gradient method for solving mixed variational inequality problems with a novel explicit stepsize and applications

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for solving monotone mixed variational inequality problems in real Hilbert spaces based on proximal gradient method. Our new algorithm uses a novel explicit stepsize which is proved to be increasing to a positive limitation. This property plays an important role in improving the speed of the algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time such a kind of stepsize has been proposed for the proximal gradient method solving mixed variational inequality problems. We prove the weak convergence and strong convergence with R-linear rate of our new algorithm under standard assumptions. The reported numerical simulations for applications in sparse logistic regression and image deblurring reveal the significant efficacy performance of our proposed method compared to the recent ones.

A Multidimensional Neural Representation of Face Impressions.

From a glimpse of a face, people form trait impressions that operate as facial stereotypes, which are largely inaccurate yet nevertheless drive social behavior. Behavioral studies have long pointed to dimensions of trustworthiness and dominance that are thought to underlie face impressions due to their evolutionarily adaptive nature. Using human neuroimaging (N = 26, 19 female, 7 male), we identify a two-dimensional representation of faces' inferred traits in the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), a region involved in domain-general conceptual processing including the activation of social concepts. The similarity of neural-response patterns for any given pair of faces in the bilateral MTG was predicted by their proximity in trustworthiness-dominance space, an effect that could not be explained by mere visual similarity. This MTG trait-space representation occurred automatically, was relatively invariant across participants, and did not depend on the explicit endorsement of face impressions (i.e., beliefs that face impressions are valid and accurate). In contrast, regions involved in high-level social reasoning (the bilateral temporoparietal junction and posterior superior temporal sulcus; TPJ-pSTS) and entity-specific social knowledge (the left anterior temporal lobe; ATL) also exhibited this trait-space representation but only among participants who explicitly endorsed forming these impressions. Together, the findings identify a two-dimensional neural representation of face impressions and suggest that multiple implicit and explicit mechanisms give rise to biases based on facial appearance. While the MTG implicitly represents a multidimensional trait space for faces, the TPJ-pSTS and ATL are involved in the explicit application of this trait space for social evaluation and behavior.

Controlling many-body quantum chaos: Bose–Hubbard systems

This work develops a quantum control application of many-body quantum chaos for ultracold bosonic gases trapped in optical lattices. It is long known how to harness exponential sensitivity to changes in initial conditions for control purposes in classically chaotic systems. In the technique known as targeting, instead of a hindrance to control, the instability becomes a resource. Recently, this classical targeting has been generalized to quantum systems either by periodically countering the inevitable quantum state spreading or by introducing a control Hamiltonian, where both enable localized states to be guided along special chaotic trajectories toward any of a broad variety of desired target states. Only strictly unitary dynamics are involved; i.e. it gives a coherent quantum targeting. In this paper, the introduction of a control Hamiltonian is applied to Bose–Hubbard systems in chaotic dynamical regimes. Properly selected unstable mean field solutions can be followed particularly rapidly to states possessing precise phase relationships and occupancies. In essence, the method generates a quantum simulation technique that can access rather special states. The protocol reduces to a time-dependent control of the chemical potentials, opening up the possibility for application in optical lattice experiments. Explicit applications to custom state preparation and stabilization of quantum many-body scars are presented in one- and two-dimensional lattices (three-dimensional applications are similarly possible).

From Maximum of Inter-Visit Times to Starving Random Walks.

Very recently, a fundamental observable has been introduced and analyzed to quantify the exploration of random walks: the time τ_{k} required for a random walk to find a site that it never visited previously, when the walk has already visited k distinct sites. Here, we tackle the natural issue of the statistics of M_{n}, the longest duration out of τ_{0},…,τ_{n-1}. This problem belongs to the active field of extreme value statistics, with the difficulty that the random variables τ_{k} are both correlated and nonidentically distributed. Beyond this fundamental aspect, we show that the asymptotic determination of the statistics of M_{n} finds explicit applications in foraging theory and allows us to solve the open d-dimensional starving random walk problem, in which each site of a lattice initially contains one food unit, consumed upon visit by the random walker, which can travel S steps without food before starving. Processes of diverse nature, including regular diffusion, anomalous diffusion, and diffusion in disordered media and fractals, share common properties within the same universality classes.

A Survey of Wireless Charging Methods and Optimization Techniques of Electric Vehicles

Since the 1990s, electric vehicles have been extensively utilized, with a focus on extending the life of storage systems, lowering costs, and providing flexible grid connectivity—a feature that is currently being studied. The substitution of alternative energy sources for conventional fuels has resulted in significant advancements in energy conservation and greenhouse gas emission reduction. Electric vehicle power sources are discovered in power plants. Traditionally, the power grid supplies the power plant with its electricity. A power plant that uses a hybrid solar-wind system can save more energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions more significantly. An overview of the latest wireless charging methods and optimization techniques is given in this article. Firstly, the essential characteristics of an electric car (EV), wireless charging techniques, and the type of charging system that is dependent on the location of the vehicle charging have been provided in detailed descriptions. After that, a few of the most common optimization techniques to determine the location and size of EV charging stations are presented. With a focus on its explicit application in electric vehicles, the paper provided researchers and scholars with an in-depth knowledge of the fundamentals of WPT and its mechanism of operation.

Bridging the Gap between Intuition and Theory: A Comparison of Different Approaches to Implementation Strategy Development for Improving Lynch Syndrome Detection.

Despite growing calls for the explicit application of theory when designing behaviour change interventions, limited empirical evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of these methods compared to non-theoretical approaches. A cluster randomized controlled trial (Hide and Seek Project - HaSP) tested two implementation approaches for improving hereditary cancer referral practices with one key distinction: implementation strategies were designed based explicitly on psychological theory or based on stakeholder intuition. This study presents the detailed methods and resources used to facilitate this comparison, whilst examining the strategies generated through both approaches. Across seven Australian hospitals, clinical stakeholders attended focus groups to co-design site-specific strategies for improving Lynch syndrome referral. Co-design methods differed according to trial arm. Implementation strategy content was examined, with intuitively derived strategies retrospectively coded to determine theoretical alignment. Fifty-one strategies were proposed across all sites (theory-based arm = 32, intuition-based arm = 19). Overall, nine behaviour change technique (BCT) categories were used on 77 occasions. In the theory-based trial arm, eight BCT categories were identified on 53 occasions; and five BCT categories on 24 occasions in the intuition-based arm. BCT categories were largely similar across both arms. After retrospectively coding intuitively derived strategies, 42% contained mechanistic links, thereby demonstrating theoretical alignment. Methods facilitated robust comparison of theoretical and intuitive approaches to implementation strategy design. Recognizing the known benefits of theory for enhancing scientific learning, applying these methods on a larger scale may provide definitive evidence about the comparative effectiveness of theoretical approaches.

Modelling assisted tunneling on the Bloch sphere using the Quantum Composer

The Bloch sphere representation is a geometric model for all possible quantum states of a two-level system that can be used to describe the time dynamics of a qubit. As explicit application, we consider the time dynamics of a particle in a double-well potential. In particular, we adopt a recent method for off-resonant excitations, the so-called SUPER principle (Swing Up of the quantum emitter population) driven by periodic electromagnetic fields, to the context of quantum tunnelling. We show that the tunnelling probability can be enhanced significantly when an appropriate oscillation of the potential height is introduced. Driven by a collaborative approach we call educator-developer dialogue, an updated version of the software Quantum Composer is presented. For educational purposes, we map the two lowest energy states of the 1D-Schrödinger equation to the Bloch sphere representation, leading to a rather clear and intuitive physical picture for the pertinent time dynamics.

On a class of functional difference equations: explicit solutions, asymptotic behavior and applications

On a class of functional difference equations: explicit solutions, asymptotic behavior and applications

ANALISIS LAJU DEFORMASI PAHAT HSS PADA SIMULASI PEMBUBUTAN MESIN CNC DENGAN APLIKASI ANSYS

The demand to improve quality and productivity in the manufacturing industry underlies the analysis of tool deformation rates in the turning process. The methods used previously are considered inaccurate, and the provided information is incomplete. Therefore, detailed and accurate simulations are needed to determine deformation and strain values in HSS chisels. This study aims to obtain deformation and strain values on high speed steel (HSS) chisels in the process of turning ST42 steel workpieces using the finite element methods (FEM) method. The analysis was carried out using the ANSYS explicit dynamics application. This application aims to simulate complex physical phenomena by entering predetermined parameters, including diameter, spindle rotation, and workpiece and tool properties. HSS chisels are used in this simulation with ST42 steel workpieces. The variables in this study were the workpiece diameters of 30 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm, with the same length of 200 mm. From the simulation results, it is evident that the maximum deformation value of the HSS tool on a diameter of 30 mm workpiece is 205.04 µm at a time step of 1.0 x 10-4 seconds. On a diameter of 40 mm workpiece, it is 205.19 µm at the same time step, and for a workpiece with a diameter of 50 mm, the tool deformation is 205.23 µm at the same time step. Additionally, the strain value on the HSS chisel with a workpiece diameter of 30 mm is 0.689 µm at a time step of 1.0 x 10-4 seconds. For a workpiece with a diameter of 40 mm, the strain is 0.783 µm at a time step of 1.0011 x 10-4 seconds, and on a workpiece with a diameter of 50 mm, the final strain on the tool is 0.866 µm at a time step of 1.0 x10-4 seconds.

Modification and Application of Bamboo-Based Materials: A Review—Part II: Application of Bamboo-Based Materials

Bamboo, with its inherently porous composition and exceptional renewability, stands as a symbolic embodiment of sustainability. The imperative to fortify the utilization of bamboo-based materials becomes paramount for future developments. These materials not only find direct applications in the construction and furniture sectors but also exhibit versatility in burgeoning domains such as adsorption materials and electrode components, thereby expanding their consequential influence. This comprehensive review meticulously delves into both their explicit applications and the nuanced panorama of derived uses, thereby illuminating the multifaceted nature of bamboo-based materials. Beyond their current roles, these materials hold promise for addressing environmental challenges and serving as eco-friendly alternatives across diverse industries. Lastly, we provide some insights into the future prospects of bamboo-based materials, which are poised to lead the way in further development. In conclusion, bamboo-based materials hold immense potential across diverse domains and are set to play an increasingly pivotal role in sustainable development.

Applications of the Wide Reflective Equilibrium

AbstractThe wide reflective equilibrium (WRE) is considered the most important method of ethical justification and is intensively discussed in the scientific community. However, it is unclear to what extent it is actually applied in the ethical literature. The objective of this paper is to fill this gap by providing a critical overview of its explicit applications. Explicit application refers to studies that, following Daniels’ definition, contain three levels, name their elements, and provide a connection between the levels. Philosophers Index, ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies that explicitly used the WRE method and were written in German or English. All topics, disciplines, and publication forms were considered. Nineteen studies were found in which the WRE was applied 23 times. In the 23 applications, 50 equilibria were discussed, and 19 times it was reported that an equilibrium state was reached. The authors applied the WRE in various disciplines, for different purposes, and to diverse topics. The applications themselves differed considerably regarding the application procedure and the scope. Differences can be seen in particular with regard to the presentation of the adjustment process and the WRE criteria used. The results indicate that the WRE can be successfully applied, but the number of explicit applications is still very low. Further research is needed to develop the WRE into an established method of justification. In particular, standards are needed for adjustment and for WRE criteria.

How efficiently are we using our understanding of the tacit dimension of teaching?

AbstractThis paper considers the tacit dimension of teaching. Policy and research focused on teaching have addressed the explicit application of knowledge within the field. This paper views knowledge from the positions of explicit knowledge, and implicit or tacit knowledge. Although widely acknowledged as a contributing constituent of teachers' practice, there has been limited research on tacit knowledge in teaching. The nature of teachers' work generates evidence from observable behaviour and action, and has contributed significantly to contemporary research on practice. Where there is a gap in similar expanse of research is on the understanding of the non‐observables and implicit or tacit knowledge which informs practice. This area of tacit knowledge in teaching remains minimally understood and under‐researched. The research presented in this paper identifies underlying cognitive processes which inform practice in teaching. For the first time in research on teaching, these cognitive processes have been amalgamated to capture what happens beyond that which is observable. A call for unison on the dynamics of implicit and explicit knowledge in teaching is urgent to unearth complexity and externalise professional development stages. The findings from this paper will be beneficial to teachers, teacher educators and policymakers. Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThere is a strong body of work on the observable elements of teaching and how observed behaviour contributes to an improved understanding of practice. There is limited insight of the tacit composition of teaching.Why the new findings matterResearch into teaching acknowledges the place of tacit knowledge which underpins teacher action. This paper contributes to the field in the identification of cognitive processes which interact and subsequently activate observable teacher action or behaviour. Teacher thinking, evidenced in cognitive processes precedes teacher action and behaviour. Decision making in teaching is foundational, and the interplay of seven cognitive processes which this paper explores, advances understanding of the tacit composition of teaching.Implications for practiceThis paper impacts on the field of teaching in its ability to externalise the cognitive processes which shape practice. Whilst there is significant provision for the explicit knowledge of practice, there is limited understanding of the implicit constituents of teaching. From this paper, teachers are equipped with the understanding needed to develop the tacit elements of their practice. Another implication is on teacher education in the delivery of an enhanced and holistic preparation of new entrants to the profession. For policymakers, relevant policies which support teachers' development could be informed by knowledge of the tacit composition of teaching.

Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy-Conductance Spectroscopy for Gas Mixture Analysis.

A novel spectroscopic method, named quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy-conductance spectroscopy (QEPAS-CS), was first developed for gas mixture analysis. In QEPAS-CS, the advantage of photoacoustic detection and conductance analysis was realized by a quartz tuning fork (QTF). Two-component gas analysis was done by photoacoustic detection and conductance detection. For an explicit application, natural spider silk was used as a water vapor transducer to modify the QTF, making a conductance sensing channel. A 2004 nm laser diode was used as an excitation source for a photoacoustic sensing channel. Such a QEPAS-CS sensor was used for H2O/CO2 gas mixture analysis in a cell incubator. This provides a solution to calibrate an infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensor. This example effectively confirms the capacity of multigas analysis by the QEPAS-CS sensor.

Preparing learners to ACT as change agents: Early implementation of leadership curricula in dental education.

Graduates of dental schools are expected to become leaders in their practices, communities, and profession. Yet, formal leadership training is underutilized in U.S. dental school curricula to help learners develop these skills. The objective of this study was to understand third- and fourth-year dental students' perceptions of their initial semester of Bell Leadership Institute training as part of the novel Advocate, Clinician, Thinker curriculum at the UNC Adams School of Dentistry. Focus groups of 52 third- and fourth-year dental students were conducted after the completion of the first semester of leadership seminars. Session notes were transcribed, and qualitative analysis was performed to help elucidate student perceptions of the value and pertinence of the leadership seminars. Participants valued the opportunities to self-reflect, develop listening skills, and learn strategies to address and mitigate conflict through the leadership seminars. Perceptions of seminar length, frequency, and structure were varied. Participants also noted that explicit connections and applications of leadership topics to the field of dentistry would improve the quality of the programing. Feedback from 52 focus group participants suggests a general appreciation for curriculum-integrated leadership training. Early implementation of seminar-style leadership training in dental school curricula appears to be a productive avenue for developing critical leadership skills in dental school graduates.

The aesthetics of deconstruction: neural synthesis of transformation matrices using GANs on multichannel polyphonic MIDI data

Deconstruction, a concept that originated from French philosopher Jacques Derrida's post-structuralist theories, has significantly influenced architecture and graphic design. It has evolved into a rhizomatic network of styles and concepts ranging from new architectural geometry to AI. Despite its limited explicit application in music, this paper explores deconstruction within musical aesthetics, especially in the post-1945 serial school. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) methods have become an important part in the deconstructivist architectural design process; similarly, in music, Computer-Aided Composition (CAC) techniques have become important from generative algorithms to AI techniques. In graphic design, such systems (i.e. GANs, VAEs, CNNs, RNNs, Stable Diffusion, Transformers, etc.) have been experimented with. Google's Imagen or OpenAI's DALL-E 2, which automatically generate images from text prompts given by users, use, for example, diffusion models. Also, Google LM is a music equivalent to these. This paper delves into the novel aesthetics brought about by the application of GANs on multichannel polyphonic MIDI data in music, discussing the conceptual grounding of such usage and overcoming the challenges associated with it. Effectively, using our concept of distance matrices rather than, for example, Hidden Markov Models, is more suitable for GAN generation.

Impact of interannual weather variation on ammonia emissions and concentrations in Germany

Ammonia is one of the most impactful pollutants emitted from agricultural activities, harming human health and contributing to biodiversity loss. In ammonia emission inventories, the spatial distribution of annual emissions is mostly approximated by constant empirical emission fractions, which do not account for spatial variability, nor for temporal variability within a year or between years caused by weather variations. Besides, factors like manure properties, soil properties, and manure application techniques also lead to differences in the amount of ammonia emitted into the atmosphere. By not or only partly accounting for these factors, significant uncertainties are introduced into ammonia emission estimates at regional and national scales. In this study, we applied the empirical ALFAM2 model to derive spatially explicit slurry application emission fractions from cropland for use in the large-scale INTEGRATOR model, using the information on slurry properties (dry matter content and pH), manure application rate, application technique, incorporation time, air temperature, wind speed, and rainfall rate. In addition, the impact of weather on the ammonia emissions from animal housing and manure storage systems was included through a temperature-dependent scaling. We applied the method to investigate the year-to-year spatio-temporal variabilities of ammonia emissions and modeled concentrations across Germany from 2015 to 2018. Through the comparison with in situ measurements and satellite-derived observations, we studied how surface concentrations and total columns relate to local meteorology. We found that the spatio-temporal variability in emission fractions improves the ability to reproduce the interannual variability observed in ammonia concentration and total column measurements. This study shows that the developed approach to derive spatially explicit emission fractions can significantly improve ammonia emission modeling and is of great importance for studying the temporal variability between years.

Quantum field theory with ghost pairs

We explicitly show that general local higher-derivative theories with only complex conjugate ghosts and normal real particles are unitary at any perturbative order in the loop expansion. The proof presented here relies on integrating the loop energies on complex paths resulting from the deformation of the purely imaginary paths, when the external energies are continued from imaginary to real values. Contrary to the case of nonlocal theories, where the same integration path was first proposed, for the classes of theories studied here the same procedure is not analytic, but the resulting theory is unitary and unique when the complex ghosts are present in pairs. As an explicit application, a special class of higher-derivative super-renormalizable or finite gravitational and gauge theories turns out to be unitary at any perturbative order if we exclude the complex ghosts from the spectrum of the theory, as it is normally accepted for Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) ghosts. Finally, we propose an analogy between confined gluons in quantum Yang-Mills theory and classical complex pairs in local higher-derivative theories. According to such interpretation, complex ghosts will not appear on shell as asymptotic states because confined in what is natural to name “ghostballs.”

Factors of the policy process influencing Health in All Policies in local government: A scoping review.

This review aimed to identify factors in the policymaking environment that influence a Health in all Policies approach in local government, how these vary across different municipal contexts, and the extent that theories of the policy process are applied. A scoping review was conducted to include sources published in English, between 2001 and 2021 in three databases, and assessed for inclusion by two blind reviewers. Sixty-four sources were included. Sixteen factors of the policy process were identified, expanding on previously reported literature to include understanding and framing of health, use of evidence, policy priority, and influence of political ideology. Eleven sources applied or referred to theories of the policy process and few reported findings based on different local government contexts. There are a range of factors influencing a Health in All Policies approach in local government, although a limited understanding of how these differ across contexts. A theory-informed lens contributed to identifying a breadth of factors, although lack of explicit application of theories of the policy process in studies makes it difficult to ascertain meaningful synthesis of the interconnectedness of these factors.

Sustainable Development of AI applications in Agriculture: A Review

Background: Future predictions of the world population and the demand for agricultural products per capita suggest that we have to increase food production at least two-fold by 2050 despite negative forces such as climate change with more frequent extreme weather conditions, degradation of land, increasing land scarcity, shortness of water, desertification, fooding and the loss of biodiversity for ecosystem services. One pathway how to achieve this challenge is sustainable intensification, which formulates a coarse goal rather than a detailed guideline. A heterogeneous compound of strategies is necessary and a central aspect involves examining the potential of AI technology to boost production efficiency while mitigating negative environmental consequences.Methodology: To comprehensively examine this topic, two systematic literature searches were conducted. The first aimed to gather information on sustainable agriculture and the environmental costs of conventional practices. The second focused on identifying explicit AI applications and their impact.Results: Numerous examples demonstrated how sustainable AI development drives agriculture towards a more sustainable future. The main contribution of this study is the Data-Model-Purpose matrix (DMP matrix) and the derived Bayesian matrix for a comprehensive analysis of several AI applications in agriculture and their relations to data sources and algorithms.