Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Design Research Articles

Navigating Spaces of Belonging: Undergraduate Nursing Students' Experiences in Online Learning Environments.

The aim of the study was to explore undergraduate nursing students' experiences of belonging while studying online during the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of online learning platforms increased drastically during the pandemic. Limited research exists on nursing students' experiences of belonging while studying online. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used for this study. This article reports on phase two, the qualitative component, which employed interpretive description methodology to understand nursing students' experiences. Ten semistructured interviews were completed, and four themes were identified: factors contributing to students' sense of belonging online, navigating the online learning environment, creating safe online spaces during times of uncertainty, and students' vision of developing a sense of belonging online. Fostering nursing students' sense of belonging is critical to their retention, persistence, and overall academic success when learning online.

Understanding the behavioural determinants of active travel among older adults: A mixed methods study

IntroductionActive travel is an accessible form of physical activity, associated with physical and mental health benefits, particularly for older adults. This study aimed to identify the behavioural determinants that significantly impact older adults’ engagement in active travel as well as how and why these behavioural determinants occur. MethodsThis study employed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). The study focused on older adults in Scarborough, Canada. In the quantitative phase, a TDF-informed survey was distributed among Scarborough older adults and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, and generalized linear models. TDF determinants that significantly impacted older adult participants in active travel were identified. The qualitative phase followed up with select survey participants about their experiences with these TDF determinants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data was analyzed using thematic codebook analysis. To integrate the quantitative and quantitative results, data were interpreted and integrated using a joint display matrix. ResultsThe survey results suggest that the TDF domains of motivation (i.e., feeling inspired to active travel) and skill (i.e., having the aptitude to active travel) were highly predictive of active travel behaviour among older adults in Scarborough, Canada. Beyond the TDF, the likelihood of active travel increased if participants reported being encouraged and satisfied with their health, fitness, exercise, and well-being in general. The interview results suggest that fostering motivation and skill require a network of interventions that address multiple TDF domains such as promoting action planning, creating commitment, building social connectedness, increasing awareness of active travel options, and building emotional and physical safety. By integrating the quantitative and qualitative results, three overarching themes were presented about older adults’ needs to engage in active travel: building reassurance (i.e., putting safety first); building meaningfulness (i.e., creating joy, fulfillment, and purpose); and building relatedness (i.e., creating awareness and connection). ConclusionsThis study suggests several important implications for future research and policy. The results of this study provide evidence to support investment in both built environment improvements (e.g., safer intersections, bike lanes, lower vehicle speed limits, public transit subsidies) as well as tailored activities to promote active travel (e.g., public awareness campaigns, skill development activities, organized walks). The mixed methods study design employed in this study in conjunction with a novel application of the TDF allowed for a more thorough understanding of behavioural determinants of active travel among older adults.

Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Influence of Energy Efficiency Practices Adopted on Economic Performance of Selected Small and Medium Sized Manufacturing Enterprises in Nakuru County, Kenya

The adoption of environmental policy among large manufacturing firms has been recognized for enhancing their economic performance. This is crucial for achieving Kenya's Vision 2030, the fourth medium term plan (2023-2027) and the Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA) for Inclusive Growth. Despite the slow pace, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are now adopting these policies to reduce their environmental footprint. However, there is limited documentation on how these practices affect their economic performance. Hence, this study aimed at examining stakeholders' perceptions on the influence of adopting energy efficiency practices on the economic performance of selected manufacturing SMEs in Nakuru County. The study was guided by the ecological modernization theory (Win-Win principle). An explanatory sequential mixed-method research design was employed, targeting SME proprietors in the manufacturing sector with a sample size of 76 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics (linear regression) was used to analyze quantitative data, while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The study found out that SMEs largely adopted the use of energy-efficient bulbs and turned off lights when not in use. However, they used solar lighting as an energy efficiency practice to a lesser extent because they consider this practice expensive. The study also found that stakeholders perceived that energy efficiency practices adopted had a significant influence on the economic performance of selected manufacturing SMEs. This finding implied that energy efficiency practices adopted by manufacturing SMEs would have an influence on SMEs economic performance. This study recommends that the government, both national and county should sensitize the SMEs as well as allocate financial and technical resources to support SMEs implement and upscale their energy efficiency practices within their operations. The focus of energy efficiency practices should be on those that reduce production costs and enhance competitiveness such as those that improve SMEs customer base

Shaping Student Relationships: The Role of Personality in Early Childhood Pre-Service Teachers.

The purpose of this explanatory sequential mixed-methods study is to explain teacher-student relationships in preschool classrooms in terms of the child's temperament and the pre-service preschool teachers' personalities. The study was conducted using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design. Since both quantitative and qualitative data were obtained, sampling was carried out in two stages: quantitative random stratified sampling, and qualitative purposive sampling. Quantitative data were obtained from 126 pre-service teachers. The qualitative study group consisted of 18 pre-service teachers. Quantitative data were collected using the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale-Short Form, the Short Temperament Scale for Children (STSC), and the Five Factor Personality Inventory (FPI). Qualitative data were obtained from interviews with 18 teachers. The findings revealed that the student-teacher relationship can be explained by adult and child characteristics. In addition, pre-service teachers' perceptions of the student-teacher relationship are explained by adult characteristics much more than pre-service teachers' perceptions.

Development and Validation of Ikhlaas Scale for Pakistani Muslim Adults.

Ikhlaas refers to the capacity of having sincere intentions in both acts of worship (ibadah) dedicated to God and our dealings with others, as we strive to seek God's pleasure. The present research was primarily conducted to develop a psychometrically sound measure of ikhlaas and establish its construct validity. Using an exploratory sequential mixed methods design, it comprised two studies. Study 1 was conducted in three phases. In Phase 1, an initial set of 17 items for the Ikhlaas Scale (IS) was developed through the thematic analysis of Quranic verses, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Phase 2 was related to the translation and cross-language validation of scales. Phase 3 involved administering this item pool to a sample of Pakistani Muslim adults (N = 300) and conducting an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) that revealed a two-factor structure (item loading 0.45-0.89) for the 12-item IS, accounting for 43.65% of the variance. The first factor measured ikhlaas in worship (7 items), while the second factor measured ikhlaas in dealings with others (5 items). Ikhlaas had a significant positive correlation with taqwa and significant negative correlations with materialism, providing evidence for the convergent validity of the IS. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted on a sample of Muslim adults (N = 702) confirmed the 12-item, two-factor structure of the IS observed in the EFA. Ikhlas was positively related to religious commitment and religious emphasis. In the final measurement model, the average variance extracted (AVE) of all constructs (ikhlaas, religious emphasis, and religious commitment) was > 0.50, the values of maximum shared variance (MSV) were lower than those of AVE, and the diagonal values of the square root of the AVE were higher than the intercorrelations. The heterotrait-monotrait correlation ratio (HTMT) ranged from 0.51 to 0.61, which testified to the discriminant validity of IS. Overall, the IS is a robust measure of ikhlaas that needs to be further studied for developing its nomological network across global Muslim populations.

Anchoring decisions: the role of decoy pricing in consumer choices

PurposeHospitality firms aim to increase their profits by implementing a variety of marketing activities, including using decoy pricing to provide alternative choices for consumers. Decoys are relatively higher-priced offerings that signal lower value than the other offerings in the consideration set. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of decoy pricing on consumer choices across various contexts in the foodservice and hotel industries.Design/methodology/approachAcross the pilot and four main studies, the current research employs a sequential exploratory mixed-method design to investigate the influence of decoy pricing in the foodservice and lodging industries. The qualitative part of this research was based on two focus groups, followed by a pilot study and four main study experiments.FindingsThe results show that decoy pricing escalates consumers’ choices of more expensive product bundles in both restaurant and hotel cancellation policy contexts. However, decoy pricing does not increase the selection of more expensive hotel product bundles.Originality/valueWhile decoy pricing has been utilized as an effective revenue maximization strategy for product placement in retail stores, less is known about how promotional advertisements with decoy offers influence hotel and restaurant customers to choose more costly options. Specifically, this is the first study that explores whether decoy pricing and product/service bundling can encourage customers to select more expensive offers in hotel and restaurant contexts, considering the types of hospitality bundles that may limit this effect.

Supply-side factors influencing national health insurance uptake, access and use of primary health care: Evidence from the Upper West Region, Ghana

Supply-side factors, such as the availability of health facilities, equipment, practitioners, and drugs, are crucial for improving global healthcare systems. However, systematic evidence of how these factors affect health insurance clients’ access to primary healthcare (PHC) services in Ghana is lacking. This study addresses this gap by examining the impact of these factors on insured individuals' access to PHC services in Wa Municipality. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed, involving a quantitative survey of 413 insured individuals randomly selected from 40 communities and 47 healthcare facilities. Purposive sampling was used for qualitative interviews with 17 healthcare providers and 20 key insured informants. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, independent t-tests, and binary logistic regression, while qualitative data were thematically analysed to provide insight into the quantitative findings. Result from quantitative data showed that Community-Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) were more accessible than hospitals, diagnostic centres, and health centres. Proximity to health facilities influenced access to PHC services and National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) uptake. Perceived availability and functionality of healthcare equipment also affected NHIS uptake. Qualitatively, health facilities reported a shortage of human resources, such as midwives and nurses, for PHC service delivery. Triangulating quantitative and qualitative results show that healthcare supplies and skilled professionals are essential for NHIS uptake and access to PHC services. This study recommends that Government of Ghana prioritise expanding healthcare facilities, recruiting and retaining skilled practitioners, procuring medical equipment, and equitably distributing essential medications to improve access to essential healthcare services in underserved areas.

Comparing automated analysis and human analysis of hedging in academic texts

Hedging is a metadiscourse device employed by academic writers to manage knowledge claims and establish writer-reader interaction in written discourse. Research writing involves a balance of fact and a writer’s personal evaluation and interpretation. This study compared automated analysis of hedging through Authorial Voice Analyzer (AVA) with a more traditional human analysis of hedging, to increase understanding of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the AVA versus human analysis of hedging in academic texts. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used; quantitative analysis (Pearson correlation) was followed by qualitative analysis to understand the reasons for quantitative differences. AVA found a larger number of hedging items than the human analysis in the same academic writing corpus. However, qualitative analysis suggests that the AVA only considers frequency and does not take account of function. Since many hedging devices are multifunctional, AVA seems to overestimate the frequency of hedging by counting hedge markers as hedging even when they are used with propositional functions. Overall, automated analytic tools like AVA are useful for metadiscourse studies. However, unless used in combination with human analysis they are unlikely to effectively operate with multifunctional markers. The findings of this study offer validation of AVA and help raise awareness of how the tool can be used to evaluate hedging in academic texts.

Feedback-based learning from viewpoints of surgical nursing students: A mixed-method study.

Feedback-based learning (FBL) focuses on guiding the learning process according to educational objectives and the student's needs. This study aimed to investigate surgical nursing students' perceptions and explore their experiences of FBL. The present study used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design that was conducted in the quantitative and qualitative phases. Surgical nursing students participated in the quantitative phase (n = 105). In the first phase, students completed two questionnaires about FBL and clinical feedback. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were used to collect qualitative data in the second phase. Graneheim and Lundman's inductive approaches were used to analyse the qualitative data. The mean (SD) score for students' perception of FBL was 3.99 ± 0.70. The qualitative results were explored in two themes, "motivational support for improvement" and "unpleasant learning". In this study, the positive and negative aspects of FBL were explained. FBL is perceived as a motivational support mechanism to improve students' capabilities during their academic courses and also prepare them for future careers. Conversely, FBL may experience unpleasant learning due to negative feedback and negative emotions.

Towards understanding the effect of work on teacher’s mental health: a mixed method study

Working as a teacher significantly impacts mental health, both psychological well-being and psychological distress. This study examines the effect of working as a teacher on mental health. A mixed-method sequential explanatory design was chosen because it aims to test theories and provide detailed explanations for the results. Quantitative data were collected from 153 primary school teachers in East Java, and qualitative data were collected from 12 teachers who were purposively selected as interview subjects. The data were collected through interviews and four psychological scales (work commitment, engagement, job satisfaction, and mental health). Statistical inferential analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyse the data. The analyses showed that teachers’ jobs affected their mental health in terms of psychological well-being and psychological distress. Work commitment effected on mental health R=.653, R2=.426 p<.001; work engagements effected on mental health R=.479, R2=.230 p<.001; and job satisfaction effected on mental health R=.668, R2=.446 p<.001. The findings suggest that teachers’ mental health can be strengthened through their attitudes and behaviours towards work.

Are They Literate on ChatGPT? University Language Students’ Awareness, Benefits and Challenges in Higher Education Learning

This study explored university language students’ usage, awareness, readiness, and concerns, as well as the perceived benefits and challenges of utilizing ChatGPT in higher education learning. An explanatory sequential mixed-method design was used in this study, combining an online survey and semi-structured interview. The respondents consisted of 355 undergraduate and postgraduate students from various disciplines of five universities in Indonesia. The findings reveal that a majority of students had been using ChatGPT for their learning purposes, especially for writing assignments. The findings also highlight that those university language students had a high level of awareness, readiness, and concerns of using ChatGPT for their academic activities. Additionally, students acknowledged the potential benefits for writing support, personalized learning, increased productivity, brainstorming for generating ideas, and additional resources. However, challenges regarding inaccuracy, lack of critical thinking, plagiarism and AI detection, and technical problems. These findings provide a nuanced understanding of how university language students utilize and perceive ChatGPT for their learning purposes.

Destination avoidance and scale development: A mixed-methods approach

This research employs an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design in three successive studies to investigate why tourists avoid certain destinations. Initially, a qualitative approach (Study 1) using phenomenology was adopted through semistructured interviews. Preliminary results identify that the destination avoidance phenomenon is pertinent to seven themes: poor tourism product, poor image and safety, lack of authenticity and novelty, high cost, poor accessibility, poor host community, and adverse situations. Subsequently, a quantitative approach (Studies 2 and 3) using a survey method was employed to develop a destination avoidance scale, which quantifies findings from Study 1. After undergoing a rigorous scale development process, a 14-item multidimensional scale to measure destination avoidance is developed. The contribution of this research lies in clarifying rationales behind why tourists reject specific destinations, and in developing a multidimensional scale, thereby enriching the literature on destination avoidance. It also informs destination operators with potential strategies to effectively address issues of destination avoidance.

Understanding Cardiac Cachexia among Patients with Heart Failure Using a Mixed-Methods Sequential Explanatory Design

In heart failure, cardiac cachexia often presents in people as weight loss accompanied by muscle wastage, loss of appetite and reduced quality of life. Such people often have a poor prognosis. However, the impact of these symptoms on Thai patients’ quality of life is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore cardiac cachexia, its symptoms, and its effect on quality of life using a mixed-method sequential explanatory design. Data for this study were collected from a specific cardiac failure clinic in a large hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, from August 2022 to January 2023. Forty-two patients with heart failure were screened for cardiac cachexia using cachexia consensus criteria and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis. They also completed the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire, the Thirst Distress Scale for Heart Failure and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire to assess appetite, thirst, and quality of life, respectively. Thirty-eight participants were included for statistical analysis and divided into two groups: those with confirmed or suspected cardiac cachexia (n = 7) and those without (n = 31). The former group reported low appetite scores; however, no significant differences were observed between the two groups’ appetite, thirst, or quality of life. After identifying patients with cardiac cachexia, six semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interview guide and analyzed through thematic analysis. The interviews revealed two common themes: Changes in diet and thirst and a Reduction in physical activity levels. Both themes complement the quantitative results. This study initiates a significant step in the understanding of cardiac cachexia in the Thai population with heart failure. Nurses can play a crucial role in identifying and managing patients with or at risk of cardiac cachexia.

EFL Learners’ Use of Metacognitive Writing Strategies in Türkiye: A Descriptive Study

With a great emphasis on 21st century skills in education, the association between aspects involved in metacognitive awareness and second language learning and teaching has gained importance. To this end, strategy use, also part of metacognitive awareness and commonly associated with high level of language proficiency, has been an interest in second language learning research due to multi-faceted nature of learning a language and improving skills. One of those skills requiring use of cognitive skills and awareness is writing. Thus, this paper presents a mixed-methods study the aim of which is to examine Turkish English as a foreign language learners’ metacognitive writing strategy use in terms of its sub-dimensions. In line with explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, the quantitative data collected from 110 English as a foreign language learners with the upper-intermediate level of proficiency in a Turkish context were supported by the qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated that the level of these learners’ metacognitive awareness about writing strategy use was high but differed with respect to sub-categories of metacognitive awareness. Based on the findings, the paper suggests several educational implications to promote metacognitive awareness of language learners.

Addressing mental illness stigma in German higher education: study protocol for a mixed-methods evaluation of a psychosocial setting-based intervention

IntroductionMental illness stigma is associated with a range of negative consequences, such as reduced help-seeking for mental health problems. Since stigma affects individual, social, and structural aspects, multilevel interventions such...

Drivers of Inpatient Subspecialty Consultation Among Pediatric Hospitalists: A Qualitative Study.

Inpatient subspecialty consultation is often medically necessary but in some cases may represent overuse. While pediatric consultation patterns have been described using observational data, qualitative methods may generate knowledge about contextual determinants of consultation behavior. Our objective was to understand how pediatric hospitalists make decisions about subspecialty consultation. This qualitative study took place at a large academic children's hospital as part of an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design (QUAN → qual). We conducted semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of previously identified high-consulting (top quartile) and low-consulting (bottom quartile) pediatric hospitalists. Interviews were conducted virtually, and audio recordings were transcribed. Two analysts coded transcripts using an integrated approach and established high interrater reliability (κ > 0.75). We organized findings using the Social Ecological Model. Participants (n = 12) included high-(n = 6) and low-(n = 6) consulting hospitalists. Our respondents identified considerations including patient characteristics, confidence in their own competence and that of their team, and perceived helpfulness of consultants. Participants viewed consultation requests as being strongly influenced by a desire to maintain relationships with families. Specific to this context, the hospital's elite reputation was believed to influence families to expect consultations. Other considerations included medicolegal risk, clinical pathways, and availability of secure text messaging to facilitate informal "curbside" conversations with subspecialists. Decision-making around pediatric subspecialty consultation is complex and influenced by factors unrelated to a patient's clinical need. Efforts to reduce low-value consultation must account for the social and organizational dynamics that promote consultation.

A mixed-method analysis of provider adherence to integrated antenatal care guideline in BEmONC and Non BEmONC primary health center: An Indonesian case.

Provider adherence to the integrated antenatal care (ANC) procedure is an important indicator of high-quality ANC. The procedure is intended to avoid missed opportunities to detect the risk of abnormalities in pregnancy. This study aims to assess the provider's adherence to integrated ANC in Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) and non-BEmONC Primary Health Center (PHC). This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-method design. The quantitative phase reviewed 149 medical records of pregnant women in the four PHCs in Semarang from January until February 2020. The findings were used to describe the provider's adherence to the integrated ANC and lead to the contributing factors which should be explored in the qualitative phase. The study involved four in-depth interviews with midwife coordinators in four PHCs. The Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test was employed to analyse the quantitative data, while the thematic analysis was undertaken on the qualitative data. The provider's adherence to the guideline did not differ between BEmONC and non-BEmONC PHC. The general physical examination of the patients (18.81%) and dentist visits (84.6%) were not done in either BEmONC or non-BEmONC PHC. Incomplete laboratory tests were haemoglobin (28.2%) and urine protein (38.9%). The barriers to adherence to the integrated ANC guideline were related to an imbalance of resources, role and responsibility issues among doctors and midwives, and policy issues. This study found low BEmONC nor non-BEmONC PHC adherence to the integrated ANC guideline. A Periodic evaluation of the implementation of integrated ANC to ensure its high-quality implementation in Indonesia is needed.

Identifying and understanding digital exclusion: a mixed-methods study

ABSTRACT Many of our transactions and interactions are now exclusively online; however, whilst we live in a world which is becoming ubiquitously digital, digital exclusion remains a complex societal issue. This study aimed to identify the scale and characteristics of ‘digitally excluded’ individuals in one borough in North East England and investigate factors influencing experiences of digital exclusion. A two-phase, sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used. Phase One utilised a survey which was sent to every household in the borough (N = >98,000). The surveys (N = 9181) were analysed using exploratory univariate analysis, followed by a two-staged regression model. Of those responses, 1130 individuals (12.3%) were identified as digitally excluded. Older adults with disability, no or low-level education, and residing in specific (micro) geographical areas, were at higher risk of digital exclusion. Smaller household sizes and lower income also contributed to digitally exclusion. To further enhance inclusivity, three focus groups were conducted with groups who were identified as being at higher risk of digital exclusion (N = 10). Discussions highlighted the complexities of digital exclusion and digital use across communities and within individual circumstances. Digital exclusion is multi-factored and complex. It requires regional institutions and local communities to collaborate in an integrated governance framework to improve digital inclusion.

Private clinical psychologists’ role in evaluation and treatment of childhood sexual abuse: A mixed methods study

BackgroundPsychologists play a significant role in addressing sexual violence against children and adolescents (SVCA) in Brazil. Most literature focuses on the role of public service psychologists in the intervention, resulting in the need to explore the role private clinical psychologists’ (PCP) play in SVCA treatment. ObjectiveThe study aims to: 1) investigate a possible relationship between sociodemographic factors, professional profiles, beliefs about SVCA, and PCPs’ decision to report the abuse, and 2) understand the role PCPs play in evaluating, reporting, and treating cases of SVCA. Participants and settingThe study sampled Brazilian PCPs. The quantitative phase consisted of 409 psychologists, and the qualitative phase consisted of 8 psychologists. MethodsThe study used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design to achieve its goals. The quantitative phase consisted of the Sociodemographic and Professional Questionnaire, Scenario 7, and the Sexual Abuse Belief Scale (SABS) measures. The qualitative phase consisted of individual semi-structured interviews. ResultsThe descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model illustrated factors increasing the likelihood of reporting SVCA by PCPs, including a history of treating confirmed sexual violence cases, taking a course on sexual violence, receiving SVCA information during undergraduate studies, having a master and doctoral degree, and having a single relationship status. The thematic analysis resulted in four themes: The definition of sexual violence, the selectivity of the cases, educational under-preparation, and the need to build a performance network. ConclusionPCPs require professional development to treatment SVCA, and schools of Psychology need to improve their curriculum regarding SVCA education.

Rethinking the implications of sprawl for sustainable urban development: Insights from the Ejisu Municipality of Ghana between 2003 and 2023

Urban sprawl has been the focus of substantial academic discussion due to its intricate nature. The dominant narrative of this phenomenon, particularly in the global south, points to its adverse implications on cities, despite its positive outcomes. This study contributes to this discourse by examining the positive implications of sprawl — essentially spatial expansion and urban growth — from the perspectives of households and local planning officials within the Ejisu Municipality of Ghana. Employing an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, satellite images were used to assess the nature and spatial extent of Ejisu Municipality between 2003 and 2023. Additionally, 500 households and four relevant agencies were interviewed to discuss the positive implications of sprawl on the area's development and suggest measures to promote sustainable urban sprawl and development. The results showed significant horizontal expansion in the built-up areas over the period - from 34.51 km2 (16.6%) in 2003 to 44.92 km2 (21.61%) in 2013 and 76.46 km2 (36.78%) in 2023 with a projected increase to 100.80 km2 in 2033. Macroeconomic factors, demography, housing preferences, transportation, and regulatory frameworks were reported to influence the nature and extent of sprawl. Sprawl was reported to have resulted in economic diversification and viability, improved quality of life, improved access to public services, affordable housing, and expanded road networks, among others. The study proposes implementing sustainable measures for urban sprawl, and effective land-use planning, coupled with the enforcement of well-designed regulatory frameworks.