Explanatory Effect Research Articles

Impact of COVID-19 Related Knowledge and Precautions on Emotional and Behavioral Problems Among Children During the Post-pandemic in China: The Explanatory Value of Emotional Problems Among Caregivers.

To investigate the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among children during the COVID-19 post-pandemic in China; examine associations between COVID-19-related knowledge and precautions and problems in children, and explore the potential explanatory value of the mental health status of caregivers on any associations observed. Based on a cross-sectional design, caregivers of 6,017 children from 12 primary schools in Shanghai and Taizhou, China, were invited to complete an online survey from June 26 to July 6, 2020. EBPs of the children were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), while the emotional problems of caregivers were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). Structural equation modeling was employed to estimate the direct and indirect associations (explained by the emotional problems of caregivers) between COVID-19-related knowledge and precautions and the EBPs among children. The overall prevalence of EBPs in the sample was 12.5%, and 5.3% of them had a high or very high SDQ total difficulties score during the COVID-19 post-pandemic. After adjustment for covariates, higher COVID-19-related knowledge (β = −0.83; P < 0.001) and precautions (β = −0.80; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with lower SDQ total difficulties score among children. There was an explanatory effect of emotional problems of caregivers on the aforementioned associations, which explained 31% and 41% of the total effect, respectively. Higher levels of knowledge and precautions of COVID-19 were associated with lower EBPs among children, and the relationship was partially explained by the emotional problems in caregivers. It may be beneficial to improve pandemic-related prevention education and adopt psychological interventions toward the emotional status of caregivers for the psychological health of children.

The structure of L2 lexical-semantic networks as seen from a social network perspective

Abstract This study employed a social network analysis tool to investigate the organization of L2 lexical-semantic networks. A total of 49 Chines EFL learners of English completed a semantic fluency task in English. A lexical-semantic network was established on the data collected from the semantic fluency task. We conducted a CONCOR analysis to distinguish the central words from the peripheral ones in the lexical-semantic network. The relevance of three distributional features to the centrality of the words in the L2 lexical-semantic network was examined respectively. In addition, we analyzed the general explanatory effect of each of the three features on centrality. The results based on the distributional features are significantly correlational and report positive explanatory effects. In addition, words of similar distributional features were found to connect in a way that reflects semantic feature effects. Finally, theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical implications of the findings were discussed.

An empirical analysis of the impact of financial development on the income gap between urban and rural residents in China - based on the PVAR model

Although the level of China's financial industry has developed rapidly, but the domestic problem of urban-rural development imbalance is becoming more and more serious, which has formed a serious obstacle to the development and progress of social economy. In order to explore the relationship between the level of China’s financial development capacity and the income gap between urban and rural residents, this paper surveys relevant data from 30 provinces, municipalities and regions in a total of 17 years from 2002 to 2018, and introduces the income gap between urban and rural residents, the scale of financial development, and efficiency. Established a PVAR model based on related variables such as financial development structure, and then conducted co-integration test, Granger causality test, GMM estimation, impulse response and variance decomposition. The empirical results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between various variables, and the urban-rural income gap It is the Granger reason for the scale of financial development, but there is no reverse causality. Through dynamic analysis, it is found that the urban-rural income gap is mainly affected by its own reasons. The scale of financial development can narrow the urban-rural income gap to a certain extent, and the efficiency of financial development is to a certain extent. Will widen the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the explanatory effect of the financial development structure can be ignored.

Research on the Contradiction Mechanism of Tire Rolling Resistance and Grip Performance

ABSTRACTIn order to clarify the contradictory mechanism between tire rolling resistance and grip performance, 10 205/55 R16 radial tires with different tread patterns were selected as the research objects. Based on digital image correlation method, the pressure and deformation distribution in the contact area of test tires were obtained and the relevant grounding parameters were extracted. The partial least square regression (PLSR) method was used to establish the relationship between the identified grounding parameters and tire performance indicators. Using the bootstrap resampling method, the significance test of the PLSR coefficients were carried out, and the grounding characteristic parameters with significant explanatory effect on the performances were selected, identifying the main function area for the two performances. The results show that in order to improve the grip performance of the tire, it is necessary to reduce the transverse tensile strain of the tread in the contact area and increase the longitudinal tensile strain of the tread; but, with the increase of the longitudinal tensile strain, the rolling resistance of the tire will also increase, which leads to the contradiction between tire rolling resistance and grip performance.

Research on the Influence Factors of Low-carbon Diet Behavior Intention

Purpose - This study constructs an impact model of low-carbon diet behavior intention, explores the influencing factors and mechanism of low-carbon diet behavior intention, and puts forward policy and management suggestions accordingly. Design/Methodology/Approach - Based on t he t heory of planned behavior, t he i nfluence model of low-carbon diet behavior intention was constructed to explain the relationship between low-carbon diet knowledge, low-carbon diet attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and low-carbon diet behavior intention. Findings - The empirical study shows that low-carbon diet knowledge positively predicts low-carbon diet attitude, and low-carbon diet attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control all positively predict low-carbon diet behavior intention. Among them, low-carbon diet attitude has the best explanatory effect on behavior intention, followed by perceived behavior control, and finally subjective norm. The theoretical model has a good explanatory power for low-carbon diet behavior intention. Research Implications - According to the research conclusion, to change the behavior intention, should focus on improving the individual’s low-carbon diet knowledge, establishing a positive low-carbon diet attitude, using the reference group to exert influence on individuals, and reducing the perceived difficulty of engaging in low-carbon diet as far as possible.

Nutrition within the household: 18th through early 20th century female and male statures.

When other measures for material conditions are scarce or unreliable, the use of height is now common to evaluate economic conditions during economic development. However, throughout US economic development, height data by gender have been slow to emerge. Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, female and male statures remained constant. Agricultural workers had taller statures than workers in other occupations, and the female agricultural height premium was over twice that of males. For both females and males, individuals with fairer complexions were taller than their darker complexioned counterparts. Gender collectively had the greatest explanatory effect associated with stature, followed by age and nativity. Socioeconomic status and birth period had the smallest collective effects with stature.

Math anxiety relates positively to metacognitive insight into mathematical decision making.

The current study reports a pre-registered investigation into the interrelations between mathematics anxiety, metacognition and mathematical decision-making. Although this question has already received some attention in previous work, reliance on self-report measures of metacognition has hindered its interpretation. Here, a novel experimental mathematical decision-making task was used in which participants solved mathematical assignments of varying difficulty, and expressed their level of confidence in the accuracy of their decision both prospectively and retrospectively. Mathematics anxiety was measured using a standardized questionnaire. Both prospective and retrospective confidence judgments predicted unique variation in accuracy; however, the explanatory effect of prospective confidence disappeared after taking task difficulty into account. This suggests that prospective, but not retrospective, confidence is largely based on easily available cues indicative of performance. Results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that individual differences in mathematics anxiety were negatively related to the overall level of confidence (both prospectively and retrospectively), and positively related to metacognitive efficiency (only prospectively). Having insight in these interrelationships is important in the context of remediating mathematics anxiety, which might in turn be useful with regard to the worldwide need for more workers with degrees in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM).

Survival Analysis of Iranian Patients with Breast Cancer Using Joint Frailty Model with a Cure Rate

Background: Breast cancer is a common disease among women around the world. In Iran, it is the most prevalent cancer diagnosed in women. The objective of this study was to assess the cure rate of patients and the associated risk factors. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 446 patients with breast cancer admitted to the Shahid Ramezanzadeh Radiotherapy Center. Using R 3.2.2 software, the Kaplan-Meier curve, log-rank test, and cure joint frailty model were utilized in the analysis. Results: Of the 446 patients, 17.3% died, 20% experienced relapse, and 62.7% were censored. The 1-5-7-year disease-free survival rates were 95.3%, 73.4%, and 69.3%, respectively. In the cure model, stage, involved lymph node, and surgery were statistically significant. In the recurrence model, stage, involved lymph node, lymphovascular invasion, and hormone therapy were statistically significant. In the death model, stage, lymphovascular invasion, and involved lymph node had a statistically significant effect on the survival time. Conclusion: The cure joint frailty model is a good model when there is a high fraction of patients who do not experience any recurrence or death. In addition, this model allows for the separate estimation of explanatory variable effect on recurrence, death, and cure. The findings of our study can be conducive to preventing the unfavorable effects of breast cancer and increasing the survival of patients.

Constructing the Image of Russia Through Metaphorical Framing

The paper reveals the key role of metaphor as a discursive pragmatic mechanism for promoting a positive image of Russia and substantiates the effectiveness of metaphorical framing as a method of constructing the country's image, which is still controversial. The author has demonstrated the explanatory and manipulative effect of metaphorical framing in political and mass media communication. The study postulates that in framing of political events, the figurative language has both linguistic and conceptual content, and the metaphorical frame is a powerful tool for the formation of beliefs and ideologies. The author points out to the need to expand the metaphorical repertoire applied to construct the image of Russia, and possible ways to activate alternative interpretations of current socio-political events. Possible directions of metaphorical reframing of the country's image are outlined by fixing complex figurative frames in the minds of target audience and their impact on it. These may consist in rejecting the excessively militarized discourse around the country and focusing on its cultural heritage, academic achievements, willingness of and openness to enhanced international interaction. The paper concludes that the discursive construction of the affirmative Russian image within and outside the country can be achieved through employing a positively charged metaphorical national narrative, reframed to draw particular attention to the merits and gains of Russia.

Designing a national model for assessment of nursing informatics competency

BackgroundDue to the need for informatics competencies in the field of nursing, the present study was conducted to design a psychometric instrument to determine the qualification of informatics competencies of employed nurses in educational care centers.MethodsThe questionnaire was made by reviewing existing scientific resources and assessment tools. Two hundred nurses were selected using simple random sampling. Structural equation modeling was used using the measurement model technique and the average variance was calculated. Linear structural relations (LISREL) software was used to test the assumptions and correlations of the model.ResultsFindings showed relatively good estimation in the fit of first-order measurement model. The informatics knowledge subscale with a determining rate of 0.90 had the greatest explanatory effect among the subscales and informatics skill with a determining rate of 0.67 and basic computer skill with a determining rate of 0.60 were observed. The second-order measurement model of fitness indicators showed that the three factors can well explain the multidimensional construct of informatics competency.ConclusionsThe designed tool can be used to develop educational strategies in relation to nursing students in the field of informatics and prepare them in the rich environment of information technology, which can be helpful in training nursing instructors.

Changing socio-spatialities in Kadiköy, Istanbul: A case study

This study aims to reveal the relationship between the social structure and urban pattern in a specified urban area by means of the socio-spatial dialectic. To understand the circumstances behind this dichotomy, analyses were conducted on two intertwined subjects - social structure and morphology - as part of a case study of the historical core of the Kad?k?y district in Istanbul, Turkey. Based on the findings, some inferences, depending on the predefined social and morphological components, are made about changing socio-spatialities in the given place by means of time-spacesociety relations. The results show that each socio-cultural group brought their own culture and adapted their physical environment according to their basic needs, and that culture has a restrictive and explanatory effect on the formation of space. In addition, population growth and the adaptive capacity of society to external forces demanding change in the urban space also turn out to unavoidably affect the development scheme of the morphological character of the area.

FOMO in Digital Assets

This study examines the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) sentiment as a motivation for retail investors to own ICOs. In the extant literature, this sentiment is suggested to be a possible factor explaining ICO investing. This study examines this empirically. Using novel OECD survey data on ICO investing in Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam, this study finds that FOMO is a motivational driver in ICO ownership. When FOMO is interacted with wealth, their explanatory effect of ICO ownership is high at 25%. Furthermore, the study also finds that ICO investors are also motivated by long-term investing.

The Influence of Family Function on Occupational Attitude of Chinese Nursing Students in the Probation Period: The Moderation Effect of Social Support.

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors influencing the occupational attitudes of nursing students in the probation period. Nursing students in the probation period from five hospitals completed an anonymous survey. The instruments included the nursing occupational attitude scale, family adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve index, and perceived social support scale. The study examined the moderation model between family function, perceived social support, and occupational attitudes using PROCESS 3.2. For nursing students, when social support was low, family function had a significant positive impact on occupational attitudes and intentions, and the effect was much higher than that of perceived social support. Family function has a significant positive explanatory effect on attitude and intention (β = .13, p < .001 and β = .12, p < .001); the interaction term between family function and perceived social support are significant (β = .01, p < .001 and β = .01, p < .001). Perceived social support has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between family function and occupational attitudes of nursing students in the probation period. Family function has a significant difference in the occupational attitudes and intentions of nursing students with low perceived social support. Nursing students perceive social support in the probation period has a significant moderation effect in the relationship between their family function and occupational attitudes. Interns with low family function should be given more social support to improve their occupational attitudes.

The Influence of Parenting Patterns and Family Socio-Economic Status with Language Ability on Children's Social Development

Education is a crucial thing to give from an early age, providing the right education at an early age is the right thing to do to produce a generation of champions who can win the competition in the global world. The study aims to identify the effect of parenting style, family socioeconomic status, language skills, and children's social development in kindergarten and Pelaihari village Tanah Laut District. The study uses a quantitative approach with explanatory methods, including cause and effect. It had a population of 330, and a total of 155 people were selected using a proportional sample technique. The research instruments were questionnaires. To analyze the collected data the re-searcher used regression and path analysis. The results show that: first, Parenting patterns of Language Skills with 0,006. second, Family Socio-Economic Status on Language Skills by 0,035. third, parenting patterns for children's social development by 0,025. fourth, the socio-economic status of the family on the social development of children by 0,017. fifth, Language Ability on Child Social Development on children's social development by 0,027. sixth, there is no indirect influence on parenting through language skills by 0,188 & 0,040. Lastly, there is no indirect influence on the socio-economic status of the family through language skills on children's social development by 0,199 & 0,038. For this reason, parents need to understand how to educate children in developing social development and advance self-understanding in everyday life.

The influence of the family environment and parental education level through parental attachment to children's cognitive development

The importance of family support, parental education, and parental attachment are expected to contribute to the development of children's cognitive aspects. The research objective is to determine the effect of family environment and parental education level through parental attachment to children's cognitive development. This research uses quantitative with the explanatory method, namely cause, and effect. This research population is 415, with a sample of 204 people selected by the proportional sampling technique. The research used a questionnaire to collect the data. Data analysis used regression analysis and path analysis. The results show an effect of the family environment on children's cognitive development of 0.248. The level of education of parents is 4,587. Parent attachment is 0.333. There is an effect of the family environment on the attachment of people of 0.459. The level of parental education on parental attachment is 7,682. There is an indirect effect of the family environment through the parental attachment of 0.031. There is an indirect effect of parental education level through parental attachment to the cognitive development of 0.641. It is suggested that parents understand well how to educate their children so that they can provide independence to children and understand themselves in the future.

Determinants of Accounting Practice in Micro and Small Enterprises: Evidence from Ethiopia

This study assesses the factors determining accounting recordkeeping practices among micro and small enterprises in Ethiopia's South Western Wollo region. It has been noted that, despite the enormous importance of accounting recordkeeping, the practice is still inadequate in micro and small businesses. This study used cross-sectional primary data collected from 343 micro and small enterprises. An ordered logistic regression analysis method was employed to analyze the explanatory variable's effect (education level, number of employees, frequency of transactions, size of the firm, and age of the firm) on micro and small enterprises' accounting practice. The study results show that the education level, the number of employees, the frequency of transactions, and the firm's size have a statistically significant and positive effect on the accounting practice of micro and small enterprises. On the other hand, the firm's age is found to have no statistically significant effect on micro and small enterprises' accounting practice. This study helps micro and small enterprises by showing the significant factors that affect their accounting practice and working towards better reporting and decision-making habits.

Working to Reduce Food Waste: Investigating Determinants of Food Waste amongst Taiwanese Workers in Factory Cafeteria Settings

Food waste is a critical issue affecting the world, and more research is needed to find ways to reduce it. Much of the existing research has examined supply chain inefficiencies and plate waste in restaurants and homes, while few researchers have studied the food waste which occurs in factory cafeterias. As many factories are in Asia, examining factory cafeteria food waste behavior in an Asian context is a good starting point. With this in mind, the authors research drivers that influence Taiwanese factory workers’ behavioral intentions toward food waste reduction. To do so, a conceptual framework model is constructed using the Theory of Planned Behavior and extended using the Norm action model and Proenvironmental factors, as well as additional factors including habit, cafeteria-service quality and situational factors. A pencil-and-paper survey was conducted with 156 participants, and collected data were evaluated using a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. Results reveal that climate change awareness, injunctive norms and habit are strong motivating factors towards Taiwanese factory workers’ intention to reduce food waste. When combined with cafeteria-service quality and situational factors, intention to reduce food waste is also shown to have a significant explanatory effect on food waste behavior.

Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah dan Loyalitas Nasabah Tabungan Britama Pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Cabang Samarinda

This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of service quality on customer loyalty; (2) the effect of service quality on customer loyalty; (3) the effect of satisfaction on customer loyalty. The type of research (explanatory effect). Samples of 110 respondents of savings accounts in BRI branch Samarinda. This study uses survey methode and data collection methods using questionnaires. Analysis of data used path analysis. Results of the path analysis can be seen that: (1) service quality variable have a significant effect on customer satisfaction variable; (2) service quality variable have a significant influence on customer loyalty variable; (3) customer satisfaction variable do not have a significant effect on customer loyalty variable.

Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah dan Loyalitas Nasabah Tabungan Britama Pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Cabang Samarinda

This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of service quality on customer loyalty; (2) the effect of service quality on customer loyalty; (3) the effect of satisfaction on customer loyalty. The type of research (explanatory effect). Samples of 110 respondents of savings accounts in BRI branch Samarinda. This study uses survey methode and data collection methods using questionnaires. Analysis of data used path analysis. Results of the path analysis can be seen that: (1) service quality variable have a significant effect on customer satisfaction variable; (2) service quality variable have a significant influence on customer loyalty variable; (3) customer satisfaction variable do not have a significant effect on customer loyalty variable.

A Contextual Approach to Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments: Judicial Power and the Basic Structure Doctrine in Malaysia

AbstractThis article takes a contextual approach to analyzing judicial engagement with the doctrine of unconstitutional constitutional amendments. It argues that in assessing judicial reception of the basic structure doctrine, and the content of the constitutional identity that such a doctrine seeks to preserve, a normative universalist or even functionalist approach is not sufficient. Instead, such a doctrine should be justified and understood contextually. It is necessary to contextualize constitutional identity in order to give it a robust character, rather than assuming a set of characteristics most often associated with liberal democratic constitutionalism and without understanding the political, social, and economic conditions in which the constitution operates. This article thus uses the example of Malaysia and how the courts have engaged with the basic structure doctrine to show how a contextual approach could have greater explanatory effect, including on why certain issues are more strongly contested in some countries than in others.