Expiration Period Research Articles

Implementation of a Mobile Health Approach to a Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net Uptake Intervention for Malaria Prevention Among Pregnant Women in Tanzania: Process Evaluation of the Hati Salama (HASA) Randomized Controlled Trial Study.

Malaria infection is associated with many adverse outcomes for pregnant women and neonates, yet pregnant women in East and Southern Africa remain frequently exposed to malaria. Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) can help prevent malarial infections and the associated adverse events. The Hati Salama (HASA) study was a cluster-randomized controlled trial implemented in 100 antenatal health facilities in urban and rural settings of Tanzania that provided pregnant women in both intervention and control groups with e-vouchers to redeem for LLINs for malaria prevention. The intervention group received behavior change communication mobile messages across a 14-day period while the e-voucher was active, and no significant difference between the rates of e-voucher redemption was found across the two groups. This study was a process evaluation of the HASA randomized controlled trial to determine barriers and facilitators to e-voucher reception and LLIN acquisition for pregnant women enrolled in the trial, as well as challenges and lessons learned by nurses who worked at the antenatal health facilities supporting the trial. Following the e-voucher's expiration at 14 days, voluntary phone follow-up surveys were conducted for nurses who supported the trial, as well as participants in both intervention and control groups of the trial who did not redeem their e-vouchers. Survey questions asked nurses about workflow, training sessions, network connectivity, proxy phone use, and more. Surveys asked participants about reasons for not redeeming e-vouchers. Both surveys provided lists of preset answers to questions, as well as the option to provide open-ended responses. Nurses and trial participants were contacted between January and June 2016 on up to three occasions. While nurses who supported the HASA trial seemed to recognize the value of the program in their communities, some barriers identified by nurses included network connectivity, workload increase, inadequate training and on-the-ground support, and difficulty following the workflow. Several barriers identified by trial participants included personal obligations preventing them from redeeming the e-voucher on time, network connectivity issues, losing the e-voucher number, no stock of LLINs at retailers when attended, inadequate explanation of where or how to redeem the e-voucher, or not receiving an SMS text message with the e-voucher number promptly or at all. Large-scale e-voucher platforms for health-related commodity interventions, such as LLIN distribution in sub-Saharan Africa, are feasible, but challenges, including network connectivity, must be addressed. Nurses identified issues to be considered in a future scale-up, such that the number of nurses trained should be increased and the e-voucher issuance workflow should be simplified. To address some of the key barriers impacting e-voucher redemption for trial participants, the network of retailers could be expanded and the e-voucher expiration period should be extended. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02561624; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02561624.

The implementation of tax imposition Micro Small Medium Enterprise (MSME) in the form of limited companies after the expiry period of final income tax

The MSME tax policy has undergone several changes and changed regulations. In 2022, the government again re-regulated MSME taxes, namely PP Number 55 year 2022 regarding Adjustments to Regulations on Income Tax. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. With the issuance of PP Number 55 of 2022, this provides an opportunity to increase the taxes owed by MSMEs and researchers also want to illustrate to the government that after this regulation is issued what impact will be felt by MSME Taxpayers, so that this will later be used as an evaluation by the Government. The result of this research is the calculation for the 2023 tax year using the rate of Article 17 of the Income Tax Law with the rate of 22%, and an additional 50% tax reduction as the Income Tax Law Art 31 E, resulting in the tax payable of IDR 4,240,946.16. PT ABC must carry out the bookkeeping obligations in reporting the tax liabilities and create proof of transactions for every business transaction to avoid a high tax burden.

Validation of the Microlab Salmonella for Detection of Salmonella O Group A-E in Selected Foods: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 052401.

Microlab Salmonella is an all-in-one solution for detection of Salmonella O Groups A-E that integrates, in a single disposable device, all elements to perform the analysis; a ready-to-use enrichment broth, a lateral flow immunochromatography test and a chemical agent for bacterial inactivation. Microlab Salmonella can be easily used on-site and does not require specific laboratory equipment or technical skills. The device is sealed during the analysis avoiding risks of contamination and is therefore safe to use in food production environments. This report details the method validation study for raw ground beef, raw turkey (thermal processed, marinated), fresh cheese, deli ham and pasteurized liquid egg. Matrix studies and inclusivity/exclusivity, product consistency/stability, and robustness testing were conducted to assess the method's performance. Inclusivity/exclusivity testing showed that the Microlab Salmonella method was able to detect Salmonella O Group A-E isolates while excluding the non-Salmonella strains. In the matrix studies the differences between the candidate and reference methods were not statistically significant. Minor variations in test parameters (enrichment time, time to read results, and enrichment temperature) did not affect the performance of the Microlab assay. There were no statistically significant differences between recently manufactured lots and those that were halfway through their expiration period or between those that were close to expiring. The reported data confirms that Microlab Salmonella is reliable for detecting Salmonella in raw ground beef, raw turkey (thermal processed, marinated), fresh cheese, pasteurized liquid egg and deli ham. Microlab Salmonella is validated to detect Salmonella in select food matrixes. Microlab Salmonella integrates the steps of enrichment, detection, and inactivation in a single device.

A multi-dimensional assessment of the accuracy of analyst target prices

This paper provides the first assessment for the quality of analyst target forecasts within an emerging market. We find that analysts' target forecasts tend to commit systematically upward bias (9.4%), large absolute pricing error (24.8%), over-prediction of the actual price changes (21%), and a low proportion (54%) of correct directional forecasts. The forecasting quality decays over time as the information in the target prices becomes obsolete, long before the one-year expiry period indicated in the analyst reports. Nevertheless, analysts’ target forecasts consistently outperformed alternative forecasts generated solely based on historical data, which confirms the price discovery function of analyst forecasting. A number of factors are found to be influential to the target performance. Target quality is adversely associated with stock idiosyncratic risk, prior index volatility, the aggressiveness of the target forecasts, and the optimism of consensus targets. In addition, more accurate target prices are delivered by brokerages that have prior experience with the industry and the companies under review, but not by brokerages that possess monopoly power on the stock-specific information.

Nomination Vs. Succession - Dispute Regarding Mode of Inheritance of Shares

A company is said to have perpetual succession, meaning that a company continues to function for time immemorial and its working would not be affected by any change in membership, death of the owner or insolvency. Collaborating with the same thoughts, the shares of a company will also not have any expiry period insofar as the company remains to be a publicly listed entity. However, the current fad of trading in the open market depicts shares as a movable property that may be transferred from one person to another. Section 44 of the Companies Act, 2013 agrees that "the shares or debentures or other interest of any member in a company shall be movable property and transferable in the manner provided by the articles of the company. The Act legalizes the act of transferring shares in cases of them being bought, or sold in general. However, considering that shares and debentures are movable property, they can be considered familial property that can be inherited by one’s children. The problem of inheriting shares and debentures arises due to the mode by which the parent/guardian chooses to transfer his shares. Section 109A discusses the mode of Nomination of shares where a holder may nominate a person to whom his shares can be vested after his death. However, the problem arises when the person has stated in his will that particular people in his family will inherit his property and the shares under his name are also included as transferable property under his will. This paper will delve, into these modes of transfer of shares and which one will prevail over the other.

Attitudes, Decision Making and Purchasing Patterns of Online Vegetable Consumers

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed consumer behavior; therefore, it is interesting to understand consumer behavior when purchasing vegetables online. This study aims to determine consumer attitudes, decision-making processes, and patterns in purchasing vegetables online at Bejana.id. The research location in Bandar Lampung City was purposively selected with the consideration that the company is representative for achieving research objectives. Sample determination was performed by the non-probability method with the quota sampling technique. There were 45 research samples consisting of 40 B2C consumers (individuals/households) and five B2B consumers (hotels, restaurants, and cafes). The data were collected from January to February 2023. The data were analyzed descriptively using the Fishbein Multi-attribute model. The results showed that the attitude of Bejana.id consumers was in the good category with the most preferred attributes, namely, the attributes of the expiration period inclusion (product component) and the accuracy of the product according to the order (service component). Consumers buy vegetables online through problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decisions, and post-purchase behavior. B2C consumers form a purchasing pattern with an amount of 2.1 bunches or 2.8 packs each week with the type of vegetables, namely leaf vegetables, which in one purchase reaches IDR 50,000.00 - IDR 100,000.00, with a frequency of once per week. The vegetables most purchased by B2B consumers are leaf vegetables, fruit vegetables, and root vegetables, which are routinely purchased 3-4 times each week with one purchase reaching IDR 1,000,000.00 - IDR 3,499,999.00.

Development of a carbocysteine 10% + urea 5% cream for the topical treatment of congenital ichthyosis

ObjectiveOptimization of a topical formula of N-acetylcystelne and urea for the topical treatment of ichthyosis. MethodWe reviewed the chemical structure of the N-acetylcysteine molecule and its metabolic processes. A search was conducted of possible alternative molecules with a chemical structure similar to that of N-acetyl- cysteine that could have improved organoleptic properties. The following databases were used: PubChem®, Botplus®, the Drug Information Centre of the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices. The molecule selection criteria were as follows: structural similarity, same therapeutic group, same mechanism of action, same authorized indication, absence of unpleasant smell, and being marketed as raw material in Spain. To complete the pharmaceutical development and validation of the compound, several tests and controls were conducted following the emulsion production procedure of the National Formulary. In order to establish the validity period, we followed the recommendations of the “Guide to Good Drug Preparation Practices in Hospital Pharmacy Services”. ResultsN-acetylcysteine has a free sulfhydryl group, which is responsible for its smell, and undergoes deacetylation. Its main metabolites are cystine and cysteamine. The following molecules were assessed: cystine, cyst eamine, carbocisteine, cysteine and methionine. Carbocisteine was selected because it met all the selection criteria. Carbocisteine is practically insoluble in water and soluble in mineral acids and alkaline hydroxides solutions. Unlike N-acetylcysteine, it does not have a fetid smell. It reaches its maximum stability at pH 5.5 to 7.5. The composition of the compound (100 g) was as follows: carbocisteine (10 g), urea (5 g), glycerine (15 g), water (44 mL), sodium hydroxide (1 g), and Neo PCL® Oil/Water (O/W) (25 g). It has an expiration period of 30 days. The organoleptic characteristics, emulsion type, and pH remained stable within the established expiration period. The carbocisteine compound has been incorporated into the group of topical treatments available for the treatment of patients with ichthyosis in our hospital. ConclusionsThe carbocisteine molecule is a good therapeutic alternative that lacks the unpleasant smell of N-acetylcysteine. The carbocisteine compound developed has been included as topical treatment for ichthyosis due to its tolerability, acceptability, and effectiveness in the treatment of patients affected by this genodermatosis.

Assessment of alkylphenols migration from packaging to fruit juices: Influential factors and health risks

Migration of plastic components or additives from packaging materials to food poses a potential health risk to humans. Alkylphenols, including 4-Nonylphenol and 4-tert-Octylphenol, are classified among the endocrine disrupting chemicals which exhibit estrogenic properties. One of the predominant pathways of human exposure to Alkylphenols primarily involves the ingestion of food and beverages, which have contaminated to Alkylphenols through leaching from the packaging materials. The objective of this study was to examine the presence of 4-Nonylphenol and 4-tert-Octylphenol compounds in various juice samples packed in Polyethylene terephthalate bottles and multilayer Tetrapack containers. Additionally, an evaluation was conducted regarding the influence of the expiration period and the two flavor of fruit juice (sour cherry and pineapple) on the leakage rate of alkylphenols. Health risk from exposure to alkylphenols through drinking packaged fruit juices was also estimated. 4-Nonylphenol and 4-tert-Octylphenol were detected in 100% of the samples at concentrations from 158.8 ng/L to 7604.2 ng/L and from 4.1 ng/L to 1373.8 ng/L, respectively. The results showed that over time, the concentration of contaminants in packaged fruit juices significantly increased. Fruit juices with a sour flavor, with a more acidic pH, typically tend to have a higher concentration of contaminants. Furthermore, the average concentration for both flavors was higher in polyethylene terephthalate packaging compared to Tetrapack. The risk assessment revealed that the group of children under 18 years of age is at a higher risk of health issues compared to the adult group due to exposure to alkylphenols found in packaged fruit juices.

Analisis Kualitas Keripik Tempe Di UD. Bu Las Desa Maluk Menggunakan Metode Voice Of Customer (VOC)

Quality is very important in choosing products besides competitive prices. UD. Bu Las is a Small and Medium Enterprise (UKM) located in Maluk Loka, Kab. West Sumbawa was founded in 1997 by Mrs. Welas Asih with the main product being tempeh chips. The many similarities in products produced by SMEs give rise to competition in the sale of tempeh chips. The aim of the quality analysis research is to ensure that the tempe chips products produced can compete with other SMEs. Voice of Customer is a process used to capture needs or feedback from customers as a means of providing service/product quality. Apart from that, of course you will get the information you are looking for regarding customer expectations and needs as input that the company must consider when making decisions. Results from Voice of Customer of Ud Bu Las customers with 25 statements to 10 consumers, namely, balado taste score 45%, round shape score 49%, price Rp. 2,500 20g size scores 48%, expiry date scores 45% and slice thickness scores 45%. Suggestions for improvement are (1) for the taste, not just 1 variant, (2) the shape of the chips is not monotonous, (3) the price is the same as the more economical size variant, (4) the packaging is vacuum packed so that the expiry period is longer, (5) the dimensions of the tempeh so there are many variants. Keywords: Quality of tempe chips, Voice of Customer, UD. Bu Las

ANALYSIS OF DAMAGED AND EXPIRED RETURN PROCEDURES AGAINST THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF MERCHANDISE INVENTORY AT PT XYZ

This research is entitled "Analysis of Damaged and Expired Return Procedures on the Internal Control System of Merchandise Inventory at PT XYZ". This study aims to determine the effectiveness of damaged goods return procedures and expired goods returns on the internal control system of goods supply and to find out the effectiveness of the internal system of goods supply control at PT XYZ. This research is qualitative research with data collection techniques using interview sheets. The interview data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the return procedure for damaged and expired goods at PT XYZ has been implemented properly (effectively) so that it can help companies record financial reporting, make it easier for companies to find out the flow in and out of inventory and stiffen losses. Return procedures for damaged and expired goods can only help companies control inventory but cannot minimize losses. Therefore, solutions must be made to minimize damaged goods such as increasing security during the production and distribution process. To minimize the loss of expired goods, it is necessary to check the expiration period regularly and arrange goods according to the expiration date and provide discounts for goods that are close to expiration to accelerate the pace of sales. The internal control system of inventory at PT XYZ has been effectively implemented in accordance with the components identified under COSO.

Penerapan Metode Penilaian Persediaan Barang Dagang Pada PT. Chemical Di Surabaya

This study aims to determine the application of the method of valuation of merchandise inventory at PT. Chemical that conform to generally accepted standards. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The types of data used in this study are quantitative data and qualitative data with collection techniques in the form of initial preliminary surveys, literature studies, observations, documentation, and interviews. The subject of this study was PT. Chemical, with the object under study is a method of valuing merchandise inventory at PT. Chemical. Researchers used inventory auxiliary book data for one of the trade goods from 2019 to 2021. The results showed that PT. Chemical does not apply the method of valuation of merchandise inventory, so the company cannot know the final value of merchandise inventory, gross profit, and cost of goods sold (COGS) of the company's merchandise. The inventory valuation method applied should be in accordance with the actual condition of the inventory of these trade goods in the company, considering that the goods sold are food chemicals with an expiration period of 2 to 3 years. PT. Chemical is advised to use the FIFO assessment method, because with this method in 2019-2021 the highest gross profit of other assessment methods was obtained, namely in 2019 of IDR 12,449,091, in 2020 of IDR 40,765,000, and in 2021 of IDR 19,880,000. The final inventory value with the FIFO assessment method also obtained the highest value, namely in 2019 of IDR 88,800,000, in 2020 of IDR 51,300,000, and in 2021 of IDR 23,730,000. The lowest value of goods sold was IDR 86,990,909 in 2019, IDR 329,240,000 in 2020, and IDR 228,090,000 in 2021.

Apache Flink and clustering-based framework for fast anonymization of IoT stream data

In this paper, we present a novel framework that considers the expiration period time of the Internet of Things (IoT) data stream to anonymize it. IoT stands among one of most fast-growing technology in the world. Also, anonymity is one of the safeguards in place to protect data privacy. Because of the dynamic nature, vastness, and rapid changes in data streams, traditional approaches cannot be used to anonymize IoT data. The anonymization framework proposed in this paper performs its operation using a new clustering method and Apache Flink flow data processing engine. In this framework, firstly, we cluster received data. Then, if the size of the clusters doesn't meet the K-anonymity threshold, our review will continue to suppress and delete them; otherwise, the data would be anonymized and published. In this way, the framework handles both numerical and categorical data. At the end of the stream, the final remaining data will be merged and anonymized. Implementing and evaluating the framework using Scala and Apache Flink shows that the proposed approach reduces data delay by 12.33–66.62% compared with the other methods. Furthermore, in the end, combining the leftover clusters avoids information loss. In comparison with similar methods, information loss is reduced by 5.68–18.26%. The evaluation results show better performance in terms of data delay and information loss.

THE ROLE OF NOTARY/PPAT (LAND DEED OFFICIAL) IN MAINTAINING THE PREFERRED POSITION OF CREDITORS WITH THE MAKING OF DEED OF GRANTING COLLATERAL AND POWER OF ATTORNEY

The Mortgage is a guarantee institution over land that is erased if the Land Rights entrusted with it are erased. One of the reasons for the abolition of land rights is when the rights expire or are in the process of renewing rights. Renewal of rights is the addition of the validity period of a right after the expiration period or before the expiration of the renewal period. The research is normative juridical legal research and has an analytical perspective, with research data in the form of secondary data collected by document study. The collected data will be analyzed using conceptual, statute, and case approaches. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the role of the Notary in maintaining the preferred position of the creditor is to assist the debtor in renewing rights for the benefit of the creditor who has lost the object of collateral, as well as making a Deed of Granting Collateral and Power of Attorney which contains the debtors promise to fulfill his achievements and rebinding the collateral object after completion of the rights renewal process.

COVID-19 and the law in Uganda: a case study on development and application of the public health act from 2020 to 2021

BackgroundDespite the discovery of vaccines, the control, and prevention of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relied on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). This article describes the development and application of the Public Health Act to implement NPIs for COVID-19 pandemic control in Uganda.MethodsThis is a case study of Uganda’s experience with enacting COVID-19 Rules under the Public Health Act Cap. 281. The study assessed how and what Rules were developed, their influence on the outbreak progress, and litigation. The data sources reviewed were applicable laws and policies, Presidential speeches, Cabinet resolutions, statutory instruments, COVID-19 situation reports, and the registry of court cases that contributed to a triangulated analysis.ResultsUganda applied four COVID-19 broad Rules for the period March 2020 to October 2021. The Minister of Health enacted the Rules, which response teams, enforcement agencies, and the general population followed. The Presidential speeches, their expiry period and progress of the pandemic curve led to amendment of the Rules twenty one (21) times. The Uganda Peoples Defense Forces Act No. 7 of 2005, the Public Finance Management Act No. 3 of 2015, and the National Policy for Disaster Preparedness and Management supplemented the enacted COVID-19 Rules. However, these Rules attracted specific litigation due to perceived infringement on certain human rights provisions.ConclusionsCountries can enact supportive legislation within the course of an outbreak. The balance of enforcing public health interventions and human rights infringements is an important consideration in future. We recommend public sensitization about legislative provisions and reforms to guide public health responses in future outbreaks or pandemics.

The acceptability, expiration, and fibre level of gluten-free mung bean biscuits

Gluten-free mung bean biscuits have been made of mung bean flour, tapioca flour, corn starch, and egg whites. This research aimed to determine the differences amongst varied mung bean biscuit compositions and their influence on the acceptability, the measured expiration period, and the content of water and fibre. This research was conducted through a random group experiment design. Different compositions of ingredients were used, i.e., 60% mung bean flour, 15.0 - 22.5% tapioca flour, 17.5 - 25% corn starch and 7% - 10% egg whites. The packaging was made of plastics with a permeability of 0.0265 g/ m 2 .day.mmHg was used. The packed biscuits were put into a jar. In the analysing process, the food acceptability was measured using a hedonic test. A further data analysis using ANOVA followed by a Duncan test was conducted to justify the acceptability of the prepared biscuits with different ingredient compositions. The expiration of the food was tested using an ASLT method. The content of water and fibre was determined using an oven method and a gravimetric analysis. This study showed that the biscuits’ acceptability was in the range of 6.6–7.1 (out of 9) or the favourable scale. All the prepared biscuits showed no significant difference in the physical appearance, with slight golden yellow (p = 0.008) and the overall quality (p = 0.039). The expiration period of the gluten-free biscuits with the F5 code (20% tapioca, 20% corn starch and 7% egg whites) was 8.66 months. The water content of all prepared biscuits was very low, in the range of 0.7- 2.36%, while the fibre content was very high in the range of 18.6–23.6 g.

Investigation of chemical, sensory, and rheological properties of Kyrgyz ethnic fermented beverage from cereals during cold storage

Maksym is a Kyrgyz ethnic beverage made from milled cereals such as wheat, barley, or maize, boiled in water, and then fermented using yeast and lactic acid bacteria as a starter culture. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the consistency and sensory properties of Maksym after industrial production during refrigerated storage. The acidity of the beverage increases and the total soluble solids decrease after 21 days. The amount of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast after production were 9.36 and 9.46 log cfu/mL, respectively. After 21 days it is indicated that the amount of both starter cultures decreased by 2 log units. In terms of acceptability, the sensory properties after 7 days of storage received the highest rating. However, the acidic taste after 21 days of storage received the lowest rating. Rheological measurements carried out at 5, 10, 20, and 30°C also revealed these changes. Four rheological models (Newtonian, Herschel-Bulkley, Ostwald De-Waele, and Casson) were used to describe the flow behaviour of the beverage. The Casson model was superior to other rheological models. The effective viscosity of Maksym was decreased from 2.66 to 1.96 mPa·s after 21 days of cold storage. The activation energy was decreased from 23.10 and 14.94 kJ/mol and indicated the thinning of viscosity of the beverage. The obtained parameters can be used to predict the shelf-life model and product labelling by its expiry period, as well as to control the quality of Maksym.

Evaluation of the Epidemiological, Clinical and Radiological Features of Pneumonia Cases Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Childhood

The current study aimed to investigate the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of the pneumonia cases in children that were confirmed as M.pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and to reveal the factors that can be decisive in the diagnosis. Seventy-seven children were included in this study. The median age of the patients was 31 months (1 month-17 years 4 months). The 63.6% of the patients were younger than five years of age, 53.2% were girls and 46.8% were boys. During the eight-year research period, the frequency of M.pneumoniae in the patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of pneumonia was found to be 3.1%. The rate of M.pneumoniae as the underlying factor of pneumonia was found to be statistically significantly lower in patients aged 0-60 months compared to the patients aged 61-216 months. In patients with M.pneumoniae accompanied by viruses, the age group was more likely to between 0-60 months. The most common symptoms were cough (96.1%) and fever (74%). Physical examinations revealed that 70.1% of the patients had rales, 63.6% had tachypnea, 45.5% had oropharyngeal hyperaemia, 35.1% had subcostal-intercostal retraction, 31.2% had long expiration period, 26% had rhonchus, 24.7% had decrease in breath sounds, 15.6% had cervical lymphadenopathy, 13% had tachycardia, 3.9% had otitis media, 3.9% had tonsil hypertrophy and 2.6% had a maculopapular rash. The rate of hypoxemia was found to be 42.2%. When the physical examination findings of patients with only M.pneumoniae detected in multiplex PCR analysis and those with accompanying viruses in M.pneumoniae were compared, tachypnea, oropharyngeal hyperemia and decreased breath sounds were found to be statistically significantly higher in patients with M.pneumoniae only. Retraction was detected more frequently in patients with accompanying viruses. When the laboratory results of the patients were evaluated according to age, leukocytosis was detected in only 18.2% of the patients, while the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were found to be high in 75% and 85.7% of the patients, respectively. In the multiplex PCR analysis, the CRP values of the patients with only M.pneumoniae were found to be higher than the patients with accompanying viruses. M.pneumoniae was accompanied by viruses at the rate of 40.3%. The most common accompanying viruses were rhinovirus, adenovirus, bocavirus and metapneumovirus. The 55.8% of the patients had lobar-segmental consolidation, 46.8% had parahilar-peribronchial thickening, 18.2% had atelectasis, 11.7% had pleural effusion, 9.1% had increase in reticulonodular density, 6.5% had lymphadenopathy whereas no abnormality was observed in 5.2% of them. No diffuse interstitial involvement was recorded. The CRP value of the patients who had lobar segmental consolidation which was detected through chest X-rays were statistically higher than those without consolidation. In multiplex PCR analysis, the rate of parahilar-peribronchial thickening detected in chest X-ray findings was found to be higher in patients with M.pneumoniae accompanied by viruses compared to those with only M.pneumoniae. The rate of the patients who were given empirical antibiotics against atypical agents was 45.5%. The rate of empirically administered antibiotic treatment for atypical agents after being hospitalization was higher in patients diagnosed with only M.pneumoniae compared to patients with M.pneumoniae and viruses. One patient (1.3%) died. As there are no typical clinical, laboratory or radiological findings specific to M.pneumoniae pneumonia, all of the findings should be assessed as a whole to establish a diagnosis. Besides, for the detection of M.pneumoniae, diagnostic tests which are cost effective, with rapid results and are capable of distinguishing colonisation from active infection should be developed.

새로운 임대인의 실거주를 이유로 한 갱신거절권(수원지방법원 2022. 4. 22. 선고 2021나89299 항소심 판결)

As housing costs rise and the housing market becomes unstable, there is an accelerated transition from Chonse to monthly rent, causing housing instability and increasing the burden of housing costs on lessees. By ensuring the lessee's right to renew the lease, the lease guarantee period has been increased from two years to four years. Increases in rent or security deposits upon contract renewal are limited to 1/20 of the agreed amount. Consequently, the lessor has a great deal of complaints.
 In the lessee's situation, Chonse is hard to find, and the Chonse price increases sharply. The lessor also finds it difficult to raise the lease fee. Moreover, even after the lessor purchases the house, the lessor has difficulty moving in due to the lessee's application for contract renewal.
 The lessor also suffers greatly. The timely sale of a home as needed, the completion of residence requirements that are exempt from transfer taxes, and the retroactive application of two rental laws (the 「Housing Lease Protection Act」 and Real Estate Transaction Reporting Act). Therefore, the lessor's property rights are being violated. Both parties express concern about tax burden due to actual transaction report of Chonse and monthly fee.
 It may not be possible for the assignee to reside in their newly acquired home if the lessee residing there applies to renew their lease to the lessor (a seller) prior to registration of ownership transfer.
 In accordance with current law, the transfer of ownership takes effect only after registration, and the assignee inherits the status of the lessor. Due to this, the assignee of the leased house had the right to refuse contract renewals.
 The lessor's right to refuse renewal does not expire, even if ownership of the leased object changes after the application right to renewal is exercised. The lessor can also refuse to renew the lease. Consequently, the lessor is legally and effectively entitled to refuse renewal within the period stipulated by law. The lessor can also exercise the renewal refusal right of the previous lessor. The lease contract will thus be terminated in the non-renewal state during the original contract expiry period.
 The amended 「Housing Lease Protection Act」 led to many disputes over the rights of lessees to renew their leases. A typical situation is when a lessee exercises their right to renew their lease where the new lessor acquires ownership of the house from the previous lessor, and on the basis of the actual residence, the new lessor rejects the lessee's renewal application.
 Although the purpose of the amendment of the 「Housing Lease Protection Act」 was to protect the lessee, the only effect was to increase the pain of the lessee as the Chonse price increased at once for four years. The amended 「Housing Lease Protection Act」 has only been enacted recently, and a number of lower court decisions have been issued, but This was first Supreme Court ruling. If there is a legitimate reason under the「Housing Lease Protection Act」After exercising the Application right of contract renewal, within the renewal refusal period of the old lessor the transferee who has succeeded to the leasehold status must be able to exercise the right of refusal of contract renewal for the purpose of Actually Reside.
 A full review of the 「Housing Lease Protection Act」 is also necessary in the future, as well as a discussion about the need for a 「Housing Lease Protection Act」

Cellular Therapy Product Viability during Long Term Cryopreserved Storage

Introduction Cryopreservation of human cellular therapy products (CTPs) is integral for modern blood and marrow transplant (BMT) programs. However, there is limited data available regarding CTP stability during long-term storage, particularly beyond ten years. Our policy assigns a 20-year expiration to cryopreserved HPC(A) and HPC(M) products. To support the 20-year expiration period, a validation program was developed and assessed. Methods Cryopreserved samples and products stored in vapor phase liquid nitrogen tanks were tested using two sample groups. HPC(A) or HPC(M) specimens from deceased patient samples stored over 15 years were the initial group tested. A second group was added from an ongoing Prospective Stability Program (PSP). Post-thaw viability testing was performed by flow cytometry per our validated procedure based on the ISHAGE gating strategy, producing a percent viability for CD34+ cells (CD34v) and CD3+ cells (CD3v). Acceptance criteria was defined as ≥ 75% viability for both cell populations. Simple linear regression was used to predict the 75% threshold. After initial analysis, data from the PSP was included for an expanded analysis. This provided an additional 14 CD34v and 13 CD3v results, ranging in age from < 1 week (e.g., soon after cryopreservation) to 8 years; all PSP results are from cryovial specimens. Results Twenty-six collections were identified for testing, collected 15 to 31 years prior. The 25 HPC(A) specimens ranged in age from 15 to 26 years. The single HPC(M) collection was 31 years old (yo). Initially, 11 cryovials, 12 sample bags and 3 product bags from 26 different patients were tested. All but two specimens <20yo were cryovials; one product and one sample bag were also <20yo. All but three specimens >20yo were sample bags; the remainder were products. A second product from the HPC(M) collection was tested four months after the initial test for an additional HPC(M) data point. All specimens < 20yo and both HPC(M) specimens met the acceptance criteria. Of the 13 HPC(A) over 20yo, nine met the 75% CD34v acceptance criteria (range = 66 - 95%) and four met the 75% CD3v acceptance criteria (range = 42 - 80%). Notably, two HPC(A) only days over 20yo failed to meet CD3v, with results of 52% and 74%; CD34v was 79% and 90%, respectively. However, several 21-22yo met both acceptance criteria. Both HPC(M) results of the 31yo product met acceptance criteria; CD34v mean ± SD = 95% ± 0.4 and CD3v mean ± SD = 86% ± 3.9. Linear regression analysis of the initial HPC(A) dataset predicts CD34v would reach 75% after more than 30 years and CD3v would reach 75% after 21 years. Similar evaluation of the expanded dataset (which includes stability program samples up to 8 years old as well as both results from the retested HPC(A) and the HPC(M)) predicts reaching 75% CD34v at almost 48 years and CD3v at about 24 years. The accompanying CD34v and CD3v graphs show the expanded dataset and include 95% confidence interval bands for the linear regression analysis. Conclusions CD34+ cells appear to maintain viability well during cryopreserved storage. CD3+ cell viability is maintained adequately but less robustly compared to CD34+ cells and may begin to decline more dramatically after 20 years of cryopreserved storage. The linear regression analysis supports our current 20-year expiration date. We plan to expand the dataset as the PSP specimens continue to age. We are evaluating viable cell recovery to ensure viability is not artificially high due to cell loss. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Daluwarsa Tindak Pidana Korupsi Melalui Sudut Pandang Teori Hukum : Optimalisasi Pengembalian Kerugian Keuangan Negara

The imposition of the expiration date on the criminal act of corruption is still debatable whether it can enforce. The Corruption Eradication Act does not specifically regulate the expiration period, causing legal uncertainty and creating dualism of views on the application of the expiration period, which in turn has the potential to cause state financial losses. This study aims to find the expired concept of corruption through the point of view of legal theory. The legal theory used is the theory of consequences (leer van het gevolg). The critical use of the theory of consequences (leer van het gevolg) serves to embody the theoretical concepts and factual conditions of eradicating corruption in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method that is prescriptive. This research found that the term act (feit) in the provisions of Article 79 of the Criminal Code means fulfilling all elements of a criminal act. Where the criminal act of corruption in the Law on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption is a material offense, must carry out the expiration since the result of state financial losses appears on the surface. The characteristics of white-collar crime in corruption are appropriate for applying the theory of consequences (leer van het gevolg). The jurisprudence of the Supreme Court's decision which states that the crime of corruption is a multi-national crime strengthens the implementation of the UNCAC international instrument regarding the extension of the expiration period of the criminal act of corruption. This study Concludes That the provisions of Article 79 of the Criminal Code regarding expiration are not suitable to be applied in cases of corruption in Indonesia