Expert Validation Research Articles

Adaptation and Validation of the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS-24) for Utilization in Multiplayer Virtual Reality Environments

Background Multiplayer Virtual Reality-Based Simulations (MPVR-based simulations) with immersive 3D environments have become an important tool in interprofessional education (IPE). However, instruments to measure interprofessional socialization in MPVR-based education are limited. The Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS) is a useful tool for evaluating interprofessional socialization. This pilot study aimed to adapt and validate the ISVS-24 for use in interprofessional MPVR-based simulations settings. Methods Seventy-two participants, including anesthesiology residents (at novice, junior, and senior levels), general physicians, and nurses, were recruited voluntarily. The ISVS-24 was cross-culturally adapted and reviewed by experts for content validity in the MPVR simulation context. Participants completed the adapted ISVS after undergoing an interprofessional MPVR-based simulation. Structural validity was assessed using factorial analysis through principal component analysis. Content validity was measured using the mean content validity index (CVI). Consistency validity was evaluated with Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC), and reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test indicated sampling adequacy (0.885), and Bartlett’s sphericity test was significant (χ2(42) = 472.725, p < 0.05). A three-section structure was confirmed. The mean CVI was 0.815, with 21 valid items (Aiken’s V ≥ 0.5). Among the 72 respondents, 40 were female (55.6%) and 32 were male (44.4%); 26 were anesthesiology residents (36.1%), 23 were general physicians (31.9%), and 23 were nurses (31.9%). The overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.959. PCC for all items exceeded the r table value (> 0.232) with p < 0.05, showing significant item relationships. Conclusions The adapted version of ISVS for MPVR simulation-based education has good validity and reliability to assess interprofessional socialization in an MPVR-based simulation setting.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Pop Up Book Pelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar

This research aims to produce Pop Up Book learning media for Mathematics learning that is valid, practical and effective/has potential effects. The model used in the research is the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The results of data analysis show that the Pop Up Book developed is in the "very valid" category based on the expert validation questionnaire sheet, namely language experts, material experts, media experts with an average validity value of 86.2%, Pop Up Book. The book developed is included in the "very practical" category based on the One to One and Small Group trial questionnaire sheets with an average practicality score of 85.7% and the Pop Up Book developed in the "Very Effective" category based on the total number of students' completeness scores with an average score effectiveness of 93.1%. Based on the results of validation, trials and student completion scores, it can be concluded that this Pop Up Book product is suitable for use as a learning medium for Mathematics learning in elementary schools.

PretoxTM: a text mining system for extracting treatment-related findings from preclinical toxicology reports

Over the last few decades the pharmaceutical industry has generated a vast corpus of knowledge on the safety and efficacy of drugs. Much of this information is contained in toxicology reports, which summarise the results of animal studies designed to analyse the effects of the tested compound, including unintended pharmacological and toxic effects, known as treatment-related findings. Despite the potential of this knowledge, the fact that most of this relevant information is only available as unstructured text with variable degrees of digitisation has hampered its systematic access, use and exploitation. Text mining technologies have the ability to automatically extract, analyse and aggregate such information, providing valuable new insights into the drug discovery and development process. In the context of the eTRANSAFE project, we present PretoxTM (Preclinical Toxicology Text Mining), the first system specifically designed to detect, extract, organise and visualise treatment-related findings from toxicology reports. The PretoxTM tool comprises three main components: PretoxTM Corpus, PretoxTM Pipeline and PretoxTM Web App. The PretoxTM Corpus is a gold standard corpus of preclinical treatment-related findings annotated by toxicology experts. This corpus was used to develop, train and validate the PretoxTM Pipeline, which extracts treatment-related findings from preclinical study reports. The extracted information is then presented for expert visualisation and validation in the PretoxTM Web App.Scientific ContributionWhile text mining solutions have been widely used in the clinical domain to identify adverse drug reactions from various sources, no similar systems exist for identifying adverse events in animal models during preclinical testing. PretoxTM fills this gap by efficiently extracting treatment-related findings from preclinical toxicology reports. This provides a valuable resource for toxicology research, enhancing the efficiency of safety evaluations, saving time, and leading to more effective decision-making in the drug development process.

Pengembangan LKPD Bermuatan Concept Mapping Berbasis Problem Based Learning pada Materi Sistem Peredaran Darah Manusia Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 14 Pontianak Timur

This study aims to develop Learner Worksheets (LKPD) containing concept mapping based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) on the material of the human circulatory system to improve the concept understanding of class VIII students at SMPN 14 East Pontianak. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The instruments used include expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and concept understanding tests. The data produced were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the developed LKPD was valid and feasible to use based on the assessment of material experts, media experts, and educational practitioners. Students' responses to the LKPD were also very positive, with high average scores on the aspects of ease, attractiveness, and usefulness. The application of LKPD in PBL-based learning shows a significant increase in students' concept understanding, as seen from the test results before and after using LKPD. Thus, this concept mapping and PBL-based LKPD is effective to be used as learning media to help students understand the material of human circulatory system

Transforming physical education: online learning trough sport modification and mini-games

Background. This study considers the low learning outcomes of students in the subject of modified sports and small games as a problem that is more caused by the lack of learning media facilities for students in online classes which causes them to be less able to understand the material provided. Objective. is to develop a conceptualization of e-modules on the subject of modification of sports and small games with the aim of optimizing physical learning amid restrictions on face-to-face activities. In this context, online learning applications are designed to provide practical solutions in teaching sports and games that can be done in the open space without reducing the essence of sports modification learning. Method. In this Research and Development (R&D), the ADDIE development model was used with a quasi-experimental approach to see the effectiveness of the products developed with a sample of 85 sports education department students. Data were analyzed with inferential statistics from the results of questionnaire data and skill tests used. What other activities are actually needed such as research methods, exploration of potential and existing problems, gathering information by developing and validating and revising and testing game models in connection with the effectiveness and efficiency of the model used. Result. The results showed from material experts that at the development stage and the level of validity obtained a score of 3.60 including in the very valid category with a percentage of 90.5. There are also findings of media expert validation with a score of 3.65 which is included in the high valid category with a percentage of 92.55%. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of physical learning methods that are more flexible and accessible to various groups, especially in the growing digital era.

Designing Android-Based Smart Apps Creator Learning Media to Improve Critical Thinking Skills

The rapid evolution of technology in education necessitates innovative approaches to enhance critical thinking skills, a vital competency in the 21st century. This study aims to design and evaluate Android-based learning media using the Smart Apps Creator (SAC) platform, targeting the improvement of critical thinking skills among students in the educational technology course in the information technology education study program of the faculty of teacher training and education at Bina Bangsa University, Banten, Indonesia. The research adopts the ADDIE model, encompassing Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation phases. The developed learning media consists of interactive components, including a main page, learning objectives, usage instructions, educational materials, and evaluation exercises. The media was evaluated by four expert validators for content and media validity, yielding scores of 93% and 91%, respectively, categorized as "very valid." Practicality was assessed through student feedback, with an average score of 89.5%, indicating "very practical" usability. Effectiveness was measured through pre-test and post-test evaluations, showing a significant improvement in critical thinking skills with an average effectiveness score of 90.5%. These results highlight the learning media's capability to enhance engagement and foster critical thinking skills effectively. The study underscores the potential of SAC-based applications as a scalable solution for integrating interactive and student-centered learning tools into higher education. Future research could explore the application of such media across various educational contexts and its impact on other 21st-century competencies.

The Development of Online Lessons for Promoting Piano Playing Skills for Non-piano Playing Background Students

This study explores the process of developing online courses to improve the piano-playing skills of students with no piano-playing experience, designs and develops practical online piano courses for students and evaluates the effectiveness and practicality of the developed online courses in enhancing students' piano skills. This is research and development approach collecting data from 35 students. This study uses four tools: course plans and expert validation forms, interview and questionnaire forms, and pretest and post-test evaluations of piano performance skills. Data were analyzed by statistical and content analysis. The findings reveal that online piano lesson assessment step involves expert validation and trials to evaluate the online piano lesson design outcomes. The expert validation of the online piano lesson design and tools, including lesson plans, learning implementation observation sheets, and student response sheets. The expert assessment of the online piano lesson design encompasses the evaluation of several components, such as the correctness of the information provided on the rationale for developing online piano lessons, the theoretical foundations underlying the lessons, and the different learning components included (including learning steps, social systems, reaction principles, and support systems). The online piano lessons in the study were convenient, with an average learning implementation score of 4.20 out of a possible score of 5. Beginners have significantly improved their piano playing skills in various dimensions. These improvements were reflected in the mastery of basic playing skills and the flexible use of complex rhythms and chords. The course design emphasizes training in two-handed coordination, touch techniques, and rhythm. The successful development of the course has provided a flexible and efficient learning path for students with no prior piano playing background and has demonstrated the significant educational value and prospects for the promotion of online piano teaching in developing the skills of beginning piano students

Development of medication reminder WhatsApp Bot application to improve medication adherence in pregnant women with hypertension

Background: Pregnant women's compliance with taking medication regularly is essential and supports the success of therapy. If pregnant women do not comply with taking medication, this can hurt the development of the disease and cause unexpected complications. Non-communicable diseases cause most cases of death in pregnant women. This is the basis for researchers to create a medication reminder system.Purpose: This research aims to develop a WhatsApp Bot application, WhatsApp Bot, that reminds users when to take medication. Method: This study employed Research and development, which consisted of four stages: Literature Study, Development Stage, Validity Expert, and Trial.Results: A system that health workers can use in primary health facilities to remind them when to take medication has been successfully created. Performance test of the medication reminder system with a high % accuracy rate of 98% (MAPE value 9.05%).Conclusion: This application is beneficial for pregnant women to remind them to take medication to increase compliance.

Development of local history learning model based on value clarification techniques to strengthen ethnic identity

This article is intended to find solutions related to the lack of adequate history learning to strengthen ethnic identity and maintain social harmony in a multicultural society through the development of a local history learning model based on the value clarification technique (VCT). The learning model is achieved through research and development using the Plomp model. The learning model goes through an expert validation process, including experts in local history teaching materials, experts in value education, experts in ethnic identity and Saminism, and experts in developing learning models. Furthermore, the learning model was tested on 30 students as participants with a pre-experimental pre-and post-tests one group design. The data collection technique was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis was performed using a t-test. The results of the t-test showed a significant strengthening of ethnic identity after the trial. The local history learning model based on the value clarification technique (VCT) can strengthen ethnic identity and maintain social harmony. The development of this learning model is possible if history lecturers have experience related to relevant ethnic studies.

PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PERAGA KOTAK SIFAT CAHAYA SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN IPAS SISWA SD

This study aims to develop and test the validity and practicality of a light properties box as a learning media for students at UPTD SDI Ngoramawo. This teaching aid is designed to help students understand concepts of light properties, such as light traveling in straight lines, being reflected, refracted, and passing through transparent objects. The research uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach with a 3D development model (Define, Design, and Develop). The study was conducted at UPTD SDI Ngoramawo, Bajawa Subdistrict, Ngada Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, involving 5 fourth-grade students and 1 teacher. Data analysis was performed by subject matter experts, design experts, and language experts, all of whom are IPAS teachers. The data used includes quantitative data from expert validation results and responses from students and teachers through questionnaires, as well as qualitative data in the form of suggestions and feedback from the evaluators. The validation results showed a percentage of 90% from the subject matter expert, indicating that the teaching aid is considered highly valid for helping students understand the concepts being taught. This result shows that the teaching aid aligns with the learning objectives and can be easily understood by students. A score of 87% from the design expert reflects the evaluation of the visual and functional aspects of the teaching aid. With this value, the teaching aid is deemed to have a good and effective design in delivering the material, although there may still be small aspects that can be improved. The language expert gave a score of 82%. Teacher responses through the questionnaire reached 90.7%, while student responses reached 88%. The developed light properties box demonstrates high validity and practicality for use in IPAS learning in fourth-grade classrooms. The light properties box developed shows high validity with validation percentages of 90% from the subject matter expert, 87% from the design expert, and 82% from the language expert, indicating that the teaching aid aligns with the learning objectives, has an effective design, and uses clear, easily understandable language. Its practicality is confirmed through positive responses from teachers (90.7%) and students (88%), showing that the teaching aid is easy to use in daily learning and effective in helping students understand the concepts being taught

Development of Physics E-book Integrating Local Potential of Lake Toba to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills

This study aims to produce a Lake Toba physics e-book that is valid and feasible according to experts, suitable for use by teachers and students in physics learning, and effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. The methodology used in this research is research and development with the ADDIE (analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) model. The research results indicate that the product is valid and feasible according to two expert validators in physics content and media, with content validity index and content validity ratio scores of 0.92 and 0.96. The average product score, compared to the ideal average score, falls into the very good category. Limited practicality testing by teachers and students yielded scores of 94.44% and 81.02%, placing the e-book in the very practical category. The effectiveness test of the product showed an increase in students' critical thinking skills by 0.55 and was included in the average category. Therefore, this product has great potential to be used by teachers and students in physics learning

Development and Validation of a Computer Simulation-Based Laboratory Manual for Gas Laws

This study developed and validated a laboratory manual for teaching gas laws using computer-aided simulations to address challenges in chemistry education. Utilizing a descriptive educational and research model alongside the ADDIE framework, the manual was evaluated by expert validators and tested with Grade 11 STEM students and teachers. The validation results by the experts were evident in all criteria, including pedagogical approach, content relevance, technology integration, assessment strategies, and teacher support and professional development. The manual effectively promotes student-centered learning, aligns with curriculum standards, and enhances engagement and comprehension through technology integration, providing a valuable resource for teachers and improving student outcomes.

Development and Validation of Polygon Puzzlers: An Adaptive Learning Webpage Intervention to Solve Problems Involving Sides and Angles of a Polygon

Geometry is a fundamental branch of mathematics essential for developing students' spatial reasoning, problem-solving abilities, and critical thinking skills. This study aimed to develop an adaptive learning webpage entitled “Polygon Puzzlers” to assist Grade 7 students with the least learned competencies in Mathematics, specifically in “solving problems involving sides and angles of a polygon” (M7GE-IIIg-1). The study employed a developmental descriptive research design. A panel of three (3) expert validators was selected using a sampling technique. To gather the necessary data, the evaluators used a four-point rating scale and a standardized Experts Evaluation Checklist provided by the Department of Education (DepEd). Descriptive statistics, including frequency count, percentage, and mean, were computed using Microsoft Excel to analyze the data. The validators rated the learning material as “passed” for meeting the standards set by the DepEd in terms of content quality, instructional quality, technical quality, and other criteria. They also recommended the material for possible use in public schools, provided that the corrections and revisions suggested in their report were addressed. Based on these findings, the developed and validated adaptive learning webpage offers personalized learning experiences tailored to students' individual needs and learning pace. It promotes active engagement with the content, reinforcing key concepts while fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Aim high, hit ×10: psychological strategies driving the success of South Korean archers

IntroductionSouth Korean archers have excelled in global competitions. However, limited research exists on the factors contributing to their long-term success, particularly in the context of achieving ×10 scores. This qualitative study investigated the exceptional success of South Korean archers, focusing on their achievement of ×10 scores. Using a content analysis approach guided by epistemological perspectives, we examined the techniques, mental strategies, and coping skills for environmental factors influencing ×10 shooting performance.MethodsData were collected using convenience and snowball sampling from 65 Korean archers (Mage = 18 years ± 0.5; 55% female and 45% male) with experience hitting ×10 scores. A hybrid coding approach, combining deductive and inductive methods, was used to analyze responses. Deductive analysis applied an 8-step archery model, while inductive coding identified emergent themes. Trustworthiness was ensured through multiple rounds of coding, expert validation, and member checking.ResultsThe findings revealed several key themes across four phases of archery performance. In the preparation phase, confidence and positive mindset (30.9%), loss of self-consciousness (21%), mastery-oriented goals (18.5%), performance-oriented goals (18.5%), and psychological regulation strategies (11.1%) were significant. During the drawing and anchoring stages, physical techniques and stability (55.4%), surrounding environments (35%), and attentional focus (9.6%) were crucial. In the aiming and release phase, wind management strategies (48.4%), natural posture and kinesthetic balance (35.7%), and confidence and positive outcome expectation (15.9%) were prominent. Lastly, in the post-shot phase, positive emotion elevation (74%), cognitive affirmation (14%), and tension management (12%) were key themes. These themes illustrate the comprehensive strategies, techniques, and coping skills essential for achieving ×10 scores in archery.ConclusionsThe holistic approach equips Korean archers to manage psychological demands and maintain consistent performance under pressure. The findings provide practical applications for archers, coaches, and sport psychologists, guiding the development of interventions to enhance mental strategies, physical techniques, and environmental coping skills, thereby improving performance outcomes in archery sports.

Validity of the Content of Science E-Module Based on Problem Based Learning Containing Ethnoscience to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Ability

Biodiversity ecology and ethnoscience are materials that are considered difficult to understand because they have to relate abstract material to the problems of everyday life and also the culture/beliefs of a region. Interactive teaching materials play a role in increasing student’s understanding and improving their critical thinking abilities. This research aims to produce interactive teaching materials based on electronic modules that are valid to use as learning media. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach for data analysis. The content validity in this research includes media validity, material validity, learning expert validity and language validation which have been validated by expert validators and practitioners according to their fields. Aspects measured for media validation include learning unit presentation techniques, presentation completeness, e-module size, cover design, and learning unit content design, while material validity includes aspects of material completeness, material breadth, material depth, material accuracy, and up-to-date and contextual. Learning expert validation includes content, strategies, learning evaluation and assessment. Linguist validation includes straightforward, communicative, dialogical, and interactive, suitability for student development, language and slides or icons. Based on the research results, the average validity test for material was 0.89, media was 0.90, learning expert was 0.94 and language was 1.00, these four validations can be stated to be included in the valid category. It was concluded that the science e-module is suitable for use as a learning medium based on Problem Based Learning and containing ethnoscience to improve students' critical thinking skills on ecology and biodiversity material

Development and validation of a tool to measure telehealth educational environment (THEEM)

BackgroundTelehealth is gaining importance in improving healthcare access and outcomes, particularly in underserved regions. Despite its potential, healthcare providers in developing countries struggle to effectively utilize telehealth tools, highlighting the need for structured training. This study aims to develop and validate a specialized tool to assess the telehealth educational environment, addressing the unique challenges of integrating clinical, technological, and interpersonal skills in telehealth education.Objectives(1) To develop a tool for measuring the telehealth educational environment, addressing the unique aspects of telehealth education. (2) To evaluate the validity and reliability of the tool.MethodThis mixed-methods exploratory study had two phases. In Phase 1, the THEEM tool was developed through a literature review and expert feedback. In Phase 2, the tool was validated using content validity, response process validity via cognitive interviews, and construct validity through Exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Participants included telehealth physicians, selected via purposive sampling. Data analysis involved calculating the content validity index for items (CVI-I) and the scale (CVI-S), with values ≥ 0.7. For factor analysis, eigenvalues > 1 and factor loadings ≥ 0.50 were retained. Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency was considered acceptable at ≥ 0.7.ResultsThe Preliminary THEEM tool consisted of 35 items. Following content validity through expert validation, the number of items was reduced to 32 based on I-CVI values. S-CVI was 0.86. Exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors with a further reduction in the item number to 30. Internal consistency of the final tool with 30 items was calculated as 0·9, suggesting excellent internal consistency of the tool.ConclusionThe THEEM tool provides a valuable, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing the telehealth educational environment. Its development fills a significant gap in existing measurement tools, specifically addressing the needs of telehealth education.

Evaluating the Performance of ChatGPT-4o Oncology Expert in Comparison to Standard Medical Oncology Knowledge: A Focus on Treatment-Related Clinical Questions.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into oncology can revolutionize decision-making by providing accurate information.This study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT-4o(OpenAI, San Francisco, CA) Oncology Expert, in addressing open-ended clinical oncology questions. Thirty-seven treatment-related questions on solid organ tumors were selected from a hematology-oncology textbook. Responses from ChatGPT-4oOncology Expertand the textbook were anonymized and independently evaluated by two medical oncologists using a structured scoring system focused on accuracy and clinical justification. Statistical analysis, including paired t-tests, was conducted to compare scores, and interrater reliability was assessed using Cohen's Kappa.Oncology Expertachieved a significantly higher average score of 7.83 compared to the textbook's 7.0 (p < 0.01). In 10 cases,Oncology Expertprovided more accurate and updated answers, demonstrating its ability to integrate recent medical knowledge. In 26 cases, both sources provided equally relevant answers, but the Oncology Expert's responses were clearer and easier to understand. Cohen's Kappa indicated almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.93). Both sources included outdated information for bladder cancer treatment, underscoring the need for regular updates. ChatGPT-4o Oncology Expert shows significant potential as a clinical tool in oncology by offering precise, up-to-date, and user-friendly responses. It could transform oncology practice by enhancing decision-making efficiency, improving educational tools, and serving as a reliable adjunct to clinical workflows. However, its integration requires regular updates, expert validation, and a collaborative approach to ensure reliability and relevance in the rapidly evolving field of oncology.

Development Of A Problem Based Learning Module To Improve Scientific Literacy Capability And HOTS On The Material Buffer Solution

This research aims to determine the results of expert validation and student responses to problem based learning based modules on buffer solution material. The research was carried out at the Cinta Kasih Catholic High School, Tebing Tinggi City using a sampling technique, namely purposive sampling of 35 people. This type of research uses the Research and Development (R&amp;D) research and development method with a 4D development model and research is carried out only up to the development stage. The research instruments that will be used in this research are validation sheets and questionnaires. The design of the module to measure students' level of scientific literacy and HOTS on buffer solution material is suitable for use with the results of expert validation of the module producing an average percentage value for content suitability of 90% with very high criteria. Meanwhile, student responses to the module were generated from the student response questionnaire sheet with the average percentage of student responses to the module obtained being 88%, including very high criteria, 27 students and 20% of students including high criteria (8 students). Based on student responses, it can be concluded that creating a module that aims to measure students' scientific literacy and HOTS regarding buffer solution material could be something more interesting, useful and interesting to use.

Development of Run-Balance-Swim-Balance (RBS) exercise model in physical education learning to improve physical literacy: a special study on the biak tribe

Introduction: The low level of physical literacy in Papua province needs to be addressed through physical education in schools. Therefore, this study developed an ethnography-based Run-Balance-Swim (RBS) exercise model for the Biak tribe. Objective: Improving physical literacy of students in Papua through the Run-Balance-Swim (RBS) exercise model. Methodology: A research and development method were used to produce an ethnographically appropriate training model for the Biak tribe. This study involved 100 elementary school students from the Biak tribe, which were divided into small-scale trial groups (n=30 students) and large-scale trials (n=70 students). Data were collected using expert validation instruments (content validation) and physical literacy observation questionnaire and physical literacy knowledge questionnaire (PLKQ) which were filled in by respondents during pretest and posttest. Data were analyzed using the N-Gain Score test to determine the effectiveness of the Run-Balance-Swim (RBS) training model. Results: The results of the small-scale trial were 79.09% (good), after revision in the large-scale trial obtained 88.37% (good) with a validity of 0.781. These findings indicate that the application of the exercise model with an ethnographic approach has a high effectiveness in improving the physical literacy of Biak tribe students with an N-Gain Score value of 0.807 (high) and an N-Gain Percent value = 80.73% (effective). Discussion: The results of this study are similar to previous studies which stated that running, balance training and swimming are effective in improving physical literacy. Conclusions: It is suggested that the Run-Balance-Swim (RBS) training model can be implemented by Physical education teachers in Papua, as an effort to improve physical literacy.

Development of web-based learning media with a realistic mathematics education approach to increase student self-determination

This study aims to: (1) develop and validate web-based learning media utilizing Google Sites with a realistic mathematics education (RME) approach on linear inequality material in one variable that is valid and effective; (2) enhance students' self-determination in mathematics. The subjects consisted of 27 seventh-grade students from a junior high school in Lhokseumawe City, Aceh. This research employed the research and development (R&amp;D) method using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The instruments used include expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires on the practicality of the media, and student self-determination questionnaires. The results indicate that the web-based learning media with the RME approach on linear inequality in one variable is suitable for use and improves students' self-determination in mathematics. This study highlights the potential benefits of web-based learning with the RME approach in mathematics education.