Experts In Field Research Articles

MAIN STAGES OF THE LANGUAGE TEST DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AND VALIDATION ANALYSIS METHODS: THE CASE OF GAZI TÖMER

Testing is the most widely used assessment tool in measuring the development process of students' languagecompetence. Therefore, the existence of valid and reliable language tests appropriate to student achievements in education is of great importance. Research on language test development in foreign language teaching in Kazakhstan is insufficient. The aim ofthis study is to practically demonstrate the basic stages of the test development process and how to conduct content validity analysis with the example of the proficiency test of foreign language (Turkish) prepared by Gazi TÖMER. The research method was based on a quantitative research design. The sample of the research for validation was consisted of 7 experts with experience in Gazi TÖMER. For reliability, there were a total of 66 students studying at Abai KazNPU. The first part of the study was examinedfor the content validity of the relevant test. For this purpose, based on the criteria determined by Webb for the evaluation of learning outcomes, the opinions received from field experts were evaluated using the Lawshe technique. The CVR value of the 45-question test was .96, and the CVI was “significant”. The second part of the study was about reliability. For this purpose, the difficulty level of each item was examined based on the data obtained from the pilot application of the test. Data were analyzedusing Excel and SPSS programs. Additionally, the KR-20 value was calculated and found to be .80, and the test was considered reliable. It is believed that the steps and results included in the study will guide the process of creating valid and reliable tests in various fields.

The Role of ICT’s in Madrasa Education: Opportunities and Challenges

Technology plays a vital role in student's academic achievement at every level. The purpose of this study was to find the role of ICT in Madrasa education; opportunities and challenges. The study was descriptive in nature; hence, data collected through survey method. The population of the study was all madrasa students of Bahawalpur City. A sample from the population was selected using two-stage cluster random sampling. The total sample size was 365 students. Data was collected by using a self-structured, close-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire was evaluated by field experts. The data collected from survey was analyzed using SPSS software (version 29). Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used to analyze the acquired data. According to findings of the study, ICT significantly improves students' academic performance, enhances their learning experiences and aids in effective problem solving. It was originated that technology encourage independent learning, increases access to educational resources and bridges the gap between Islamic and Western educational systems. However, students face considerable challenges, particularly due to insufficient technological resources and equipment in madrasas. Additionally, concerns were raised about the misuse and over-reliance on technology. It was recommended that technology should be provided in Madrasa’s. Professional trainers should be employed in all madrasa to teach the students that how to use technology in useful way for their learning.

Kajian Teologi Pastoral terhadap Artificial Intelligence dalam Praktek-praktek Religius

Lately, artificial intelligence has been rapidly advancing and is increasingly being utilized, both by experts in various fields and by the public in common. This article provides a study of the theology of pastoral on the specific use and influence of AI in ChatGPT. By reviewing the utilization of chatbot in various religious practices such as sermon creation, spiritual guidance, and access to religious teachings, this research explores the extent to which chatbot can assist in religious practices. This research includes evaluation of its usage and consideration of its risks associated with the use of AI technology particularly in religious practices. Exploring AI chatbots' potential could help technology as catalysts for transformation of religious practices nowaday. Furthermore, we can direct technology as a tool to enrich faith and the spiritual dimensions of humanity in this digital era.

KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN BUSINESS AND COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Over the past years, business intelligence and competitive intelligence practices achieved a significant importance in organizations, due to their capability of providing the necessary knowledge for the decision-makers, providing a significant advantage against market competitors or internal and external threats and vulnerabilities. Also, business intelligence and competitive intelligence have been under researcher’s scope, the literature in those domains being continuously updated with new findings. Also, knowledge sharing is a process that helps organizations increase their employees understanding and expertise in certain fields, being highly recognized by both practitioners and researchers for its importance and efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the state of the literature in business intelligence and competitive intelligence, in correlation with knowledge sharing concept, in order to identify the connections between these domains. Also, this article aims to present an analysis that could provide a better understanding about the research interest in integrating knowledge sharing in business intelligence and competitive intelligence practices. In order to achieve the proposed objective, this research performs a bibliometric analysis using VOSViewer, a specialized software designed for creating visualizing maps that present networks between specific items. The information used for conducting this research was retrieved from Web of Science core collection and Scopus, world’s largest index databases.

Exploring Self-Management Practices in SMES: Insights from an Initial Survey

Self-managed teams are perceived as highly productive and have been actively studied in recent times. Considering this, the notion of the utility of establishing and cultivating such teams in small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan has emerged, aiming to enhance their role in the country's economic development. Therefore, the authors of this article have resolved to conduct an empirical study on teams operating within the SMEs sector of Kazakhstan. This study aims to present the findings of an initial survey conducted among employees of small and medium-sized enterprises to characterize their self-management capacities and identify factors influencing their self-management abilities. For this purpose, representatives of teams in small and medium businesses in Kazakhstan were surveyed. The design of the survey questionnaire involved three field experts to validate and refine the questions. Findings reveal that approximately two-thirds of SME teams in Kazakhstan demonstrate characteristics of cross-functionality, diversity, motivation, and co-location, indicative of their self-managing nature. This suggests agile management's potential for organizational goals. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study aimed to investigate how far the teams in Kazakhstani enterprises are self-managed. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-03-016 Full Text: PDF

ROBERT: Bridging the Gap Between Machine Learning and Chemistry

ABSTRACTBeyond addressing technological demands, the integration of machine learning (ML) into human societies has also promoted sustainability through the adoption of digitalized protocols. Despite these advantages and the abundance of available toolkits, a substantial implementation gap is preventing the widespread incorporation of ML protocols into the computational and experimental chemistry communities. In this work, we introduce ROBERT, a software carefully crafted to make ML more accessible to chemists of all programming skill levels, while achieving results comparable to those of field experts. We conducted benchmarking using six recent ML studies in chemistry containing from 18 to 4149 entries. Furthermore, we demonstrated the program's ability to initiate workflows directly from SMILES strings, which simplifies the generation of ML predictors for common chemistry problems. To assess ROBERT's practicality in real‐life scenarios, we employed it to discover new luminescent Pd complexes with a modest dataset of 23 points, a frequently encountered scenario in experimental studies.

Tubal Cancer Clinical Management: Two Exceptional Scenarios and a Review of the Literature.

This article provides a literature review on tubal carcinoma to offer an updated insight into its preventative strategies, diagnosis, treatment and oncological surveillance. In addition to the search string utilized, the authors' focus extended to key scientific studies, consensus statements, guidelines and relevant case reports essential for the proper clinical management of the disease, providing a methodologically well-structured literature review combined with practical expertise in the oncological field. This article also includes two special clinical cases that emphasize the importance of understanding the physiopathology and the current state of the art in the anatomopathological advancements in tubal/ovarian/peritoneal carcinoma, often assimilated into a single clinical entity and to which many of the concepts extracted from the literature can apply.

Preservation of Natural History and Biodiversity of Bangladesh: Effort of Bangladesh National Museum

The study of nature has likely been one of humanity’s earliest pursuits, considering that a natural inclination for humans, even in a primitive state, is to pay attention to the environment, appreciating the flora, fauna, and the earth beneath their feet. This study aims to assess the role and contributions of the Department of National History of Bangladesh National Museum in preserving the natural history, heritage and biodiversity of Bangladesh through analysis of gathered exhibits, specimens, and input from diverse sources, including general visitors, field experts, and researchers. Additionally, this research seeks to identify potential avenues of future growth and development within the department. The Natural History department has meticulously gathered a treasure trove of ancient animals, plants, and geological fossils, butterflies, live snakes, snails, and oysters. The scope of Bangladesh’s biodiversity and natural history is far too broad to be fully represented within limited galleries. As such, it is imperative to consider establishing a separate Natural History Museum. Additional recommendations from the participants include creating a separate herb gallery consisting of diverse collection of medicinal herbs and other plants for greater conservation of plant species. The usage of diorama and semi-dioramas in representing the biodiversity of Bangladesh is not only very appealing to the visitors but also expressive of the natural habitats of the wildlife. As such, modernizing the other galleries and incorporating dioramas as medium of display might be taken into consideration. There have been calls from the participants to incorporate modern technology, in particular 3D visuals.

Consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst and walled-off necrosis from a Chinese multiple disciplinary team expert panel.

To prepare a set of practice guidelines to standardize the entire process, from diagnosis to treatment and follow-up, for pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis. Thirty-six experts in the fields of digestive endoscopy, pancreatic surgery, interventional radiology, and others presented their opinions via discussions in online conferences by referring to the patient, intervention, comparison, and outcomes principles and then reviewed the evidence and statements using the Delphi method to reach a consensus. The consensus of >80% was finally achieved for the items. The experts discussed and reached a consensus on 29 statements including 10 categories: (1) definition and classification, (2) imaging and endoscopic diagnosis, (3) therapeutic implications, (4) surgical therapy, (5) percutaneous catheter drainage, (6) endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, (7) EUS-guided drainage, (8) stent selection for EUS-guided drainage, (9) complication related to stents for cyst drainage, and (10) drug treatment and follow-up. This consensus based on the clinical experience of experts in various fields and international evidence-based medicine further standardizes the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment processes for pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis.

What makes a leader? Antimicrobial resistance leadership among 29 European countries

ABSTRACT This paper investigates which countries are seen as leaders in combatting AMR in Europe, and why they are seen as leaders. We do this by testing the explanatory capacity of three models specifying features of leaders attractive to followers. They are (1) performance, (2) power and (3) common interests. We use data from a survey among experts in the AMR field in 29 European countries, along with empirical indicators, to measure the three models. Our findings show that only eight of the 29 European countries are seen as leaders and that Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands are considered the three top AMR leaders in Europe. Denmark is the top leader in the animal sector and Sweden in the human sector. We also find demand for several possible types of leadership and followership in the AMR problem. Performance explains the leading role of the top three countries, as they all score low on indicators of the severity of AMR. Power and influence explain why France, Germany and the UK are seen as AMR leaders. We also find support for the role of common interests. This factor may explain why neighbouring countries are often seen as leaders in AMR.

Deliberations of the Safety Task Force: Risk factors and treatment of adverse events associated with aesthetic injectables.

The growing popularity of aesthetic procedures involving fillers, biostimulators, and neurotoxins has prompted concerns about patient safety. To address these concerns, a global Safety Task Force (STF) was formed. The inaugural STF meeting prioritized vascular compromise prevention and management, guiding clinical trial design and materials for future meetings, and collecting data from experts on current safety methods. The STF was formed and consisted of 16 experts from nine different countries, with each possessing distinct expertise in various fields related to aesthetic injectables. Current safety data, protocols, knowledge gaps and future research priorities were discussed and voted upon. The establishment of a global database for tracking filler-related AEs was favored by 93% of participants. Discussions revolved around the database's scope, data standardization, and whether non-medical contributors should be included. Aspiration as a safety technique garnered support from 73% of participants. Approximately 43% of participants incorporate ultrasound in their injections, with divergent opinions on its impact and potential when used as a standard of practice versus in AE management. Most physicians on the task force incorporated cannula use for some of their injections (93%). There were varying perspectives on treatments for vascular adverse events (VAE), the primary causes, and the adoption of new protocols in the field. The STF meeting underscored the need for a coordinated effort to address complications related to HA fillers, including VAE management and hyaluronidase protocols. Reliable treatment endpoints were evaluated, but improved measurement methods are needed. Future meetings will focus on addressing delayed complications, furthering safety in this field.

A hybrid approach based on magnitude-based fuzzy analytic hierarchy process for estimating sustainable urban transport solutions

Transport systems are pivotal in sustainable development, profoundly impacting social, environmental, and economic sustainability in urban settings. Integrating decision support systems becomes imperative to underscore the necessity for change and facilitate informed policy decisions based on current conditions. This study evaluates Budapest, Hungary's urban public transport system to foster sustainability. Experts in the transportation field in Budapest were engaged as evaluators. The study employs the newly developed Magnitude Based Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, chosen for its accuracy and computational efficiency compared to existing methods. The obtained results align with those from the Modified Fuzzy Logarithmic Least Squares method, affirming its reliability. Comparative and sensitivity analyses validate, ensure consistency, and test the robustness of the proposed model findings. The study concludes that introducing new buses emerges as the most viable solution for enhancing the service quality of the existing transport system. The adopted results on a real dataset, its application in transportation evaluation, and the recommendation of new buses as an optimal solution offer insights into sustainable urban transport development.

Neuropalliative Care Needs Checklist for Motor Neuron Disease and Parkinson's Disease: A Biopsychosocial Approach.

Neurodegenerative disorders necessitate comprehensive palliative care due to their progressive and irreversible nature. Limited studies have explored the comprehensive assessment needs of this population. This present study is designed to develop a checklist for evaluating the palliative care needs of individuals with motor neuron disease (MND) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The checklist was created through an extensive literature review and discussions with stakeholders in neuropalliative. Feedback from six field experts led to the finalisation of the checklist, which comprised 53 items addressing the unique biopsychosocial needs of MND and PD. Sixty patient-caregiver dyads receiving treatment in a tertiary referral care centre for neurology in south India completed the checklist. People with MND had more identified needs with speech, swallowing, and communication, while people with PD reported needs in managing tremors, reduced movements, and subjective feelings of stiffness. People denying the severity of the illness was found to be a major psychosocial issue. The checklist addresses the dearth of specific tools for assessing palliative care needs in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly MND and PD. By incorporating disease-specific and generic items, the checklist offers a broad assessment of patients' multidimensional needs. This study contributes to the area of neuropalliative care by developing the neuropalliative care needs checklist (NPCNC) as a valuable tool for assessing the needs of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases. Future research should focus on refining and validating the NPCNC with larger and more diverse groups, applicability in different contexts, and investigating its sensitivity to changes over time.

Pendeteksian Kerusakan Komputer Editing Sinetron Pada Sistem Pakar Dengan Metode Certainty Factor

An expert system is a device designed with the thought processes of one or more experts in specific or complex fields of knowledge. This system is built on instructional elements that identify and analyze data to address unstructured problems or conduct mathematical analyses of particular issues. With the advancement of web-based information technology, computer damage detection becomes easier for users. Therefore, a web-based expert system application using the certainty factor method is needed to detect computer damage. The certainty factor method works based on symptoms and diagnoses weighted by experts and user input. These weights are then calculated using the certainty factor formula to produce a confidence level in the given diagnosis. The end result is the creation of an expert system application capable of detecting computer damage for users using the web-based certainty factor method. This application not only enhances efficiency in detecting damage but also facilitates maintenance processes by providing a history of damage detection, thereby reducing the time required for repairs. Thus, this application offers an effective and efficient solution for computer damage detection. Additionally, this application can be continually developed and adapted to user needs, making it a highly useful tool in computer maintenance across various environments.

Future scenarios of commercial freight shipping in the Euro-Asian Arctic

As climate warms and modern technologies advance, the Artic waters may offer new opportunities for shipping, notably in the Euro-Asian Arctic. This paper presents five alternative scenarios for commercial destination and transit shipping in the region until 2050. Using a pluralistic backcasting approach to foresight, these scenarios were co-created by the authors of this paper together with thirteen experts in relevant fields from seven different countries. The scenario-building exercise integrated global and regional factors and demonstrated that the future of commercial shipping in the Arctic is subject to vast uncertainties in global politics and global development trajectory alongside the sea ice conditions and technological progress. While the current volumes of commercial shipping in the Euro-Asian Arctic are insignificant, its future will largely depend on the development of these factors and how they will interface with each other. Plausible futures of commercial shipping in the region range from extensive international transit shipping through the Northern Sea Route to restricted shipping by vessels with Arctic flags only or even no shipping, to shipping over the transpolar route. The scenarios presented here can be used to inform national policymaking as well as to support strategic decision-making within corporate entities operating in related industries.

Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of antirheumatic drug-induced liver injury(2024)

Rheumatic diseases are a common group of chronic diseases that typically require long-term medication to control. Antirheumatic drugs may cause liver damage which requires prompt detection treatment to avoid irreversible damage. Liver damage induced by medication for rheumatoid arthritis has unique clinical manifestations and is difficult to distinguish from liver diseases related to the primary illness, often requiring the involvement of hepatologists to discuss and determine the treatment plan. To improve the understanding and management of anti rheumatic drug-induced liver injury among clinicians, especially rheumatologists, the Rheumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and other experts in related fields formed this consensus after multiple discussions and revisions based on relevant research progress in recent years. Based on the Chinese Guidelines for diagnosis and management of drug-induced liver injury (2023), this consensus highlights the characteristics of rheumatic diseases and rheumatology medications, clarifies the anti rheumatic drugs that can cause liver injury, the liver injury caused by rheumatic diseases, the susceptible groups of anti rheumatic drug-induced injury, the diagnostic process of anti rheumatic drug-induced liver injury, and the indications for rheumatology physicians' consultation in the case of anti rheumatic drug-induced liver injury. It is hoped that the content of this consensus will be useful for practicing rheumatologists and that it can provide guidance for rheumatologists in the scientific management of anti rheumatic drug-induced liver injury.

Vegetable oils marketing strategies: Multimodal discourse analysis on advertising in Indonesian television

Abstract This study aims to map the marketing strategies for vegetable oils in Indonesian television advertisements. Qualitative-explanatory research was conducted on vegetable oil advertisements from 1992-2023. Theo van Leeuwen’s multimodal discourse analysis is used as an analytical framework to describe linguistic signs, images, and sounds in data sources. The results showed that among the marketing strategies for vegetable oils are exploring the features of palm fruit as a raw material, the oil processing process, which involves the latest technology, the chemical properties of the oil, and the vitamins and nutrients in the oil. Another strategy is to describe the delicious cooking results and the positive psychological effects consumers feel. Oil producers also elaborated on the economic aspects of consumers by promising low prices and lottery prizes. Environmental and health issues emphasise vegetable oils’ long-term positive impact. Several experts in relevant fields appeared to strengthen arguments for the features of each commodity. The marketing strategy through advertising is quite interesting, with stunning visual illustrations, sounds, and words. Paying attention to today’s digital world, this marketing strategy will continue according to the trends and media consumers widely use.

Expert consensus on posterior facet distraction and fusion technique for the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation(2024)

Atlantoaxial dislocation is a common bony structural deformity in the craniovertebral junction area. It can cause severe neurological defects, seriously affect the patient's life quality, and even threaten the patient's life. The most effective treatment for patients with apparent clinically symptoms is surgical treatment. In recent years, with the development of surgical techniques, posterior facet distraction and fusion (PFDF) technique has gradually become an important technique for the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation. In order to better standardize the diagnosis and treatment of patients with atlantoaxial dislocation and the application of PFDF technique, based on the existing evidence, the Spine and Spinal Cord Group in Neurosurgical Society of Chinese Medical Association and the Chinese Craniovertebral Junction Malformation Research Alliance and Craniovertebral Junction Malformation Alliance of National Center for Neurological Disorders organized experts in relevant fields to fully discuss and formulated the "Expert consensus on posterior facet distraction and fusion technique for the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation（2024）". This consensus elaborates and recommends the preoperative evaluation, surgical techniques, and management of complications using PFDF technique for the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation. It is intended to provide guidance for surgeons who encounter problems in the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation using PFDF technique.

How strong is the evidence supporting the WHO guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in early childhood?

The WHO issued recommendations about the ideal amount of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in infants, toddlers and preschool children. To facilitate their interpretation and translation into public health policies, we analysed the quantity and quality of the evidence that supported the development of each WHO recommendation. All data for each exposure-outcome pair analysed in the studies informing WHO guidelines were extracted, and predefined criteria, based upon GRADE methodology, were used to classify each outcome and study result. Among the 237 studies that could be included, 37 were experimental and 200 were observational, yielding 920 analyses of exposure-outcome associations. Sixty-two analyses used a relevant outcome, with or without significant results. Five of the 10 WHO recommendations were based upon zero analyses with significant results on relevant health outcomes. The remaining recommendations were mostly based upon analyses evaluating obesity-related outcomes. Eight of the 10 GLs thresholds were not supported by any significant analysis on clinically relevant outcomes. While these findings should not be interpreted as an attempt to disprove the benefits of healthy lifestyle habits in early childhood, neither to minimize the work of the experts in this complex research field, very limited evidence currently supports the adoption of recommended thresholds as behavioural surveillance and public health interventions targets. Therefore, until further data are available, public health interventions should be developed balancing whether to focus on the achievement of specific targets that are still not supported by high-quality evidence or on the general promotion of healthy behaviours.

Symposium 4: The Networked Learning Forum 2021: Early researchers’ expectations and experiences

Early researchers (ERs) benefit from opportunities to present, discuss and develop their research work. A typical professional learning experience that may support ERs is their active participation in conferences. In this paper, we report on the expectations and experiences of five ERs who participated in the Networked Learning (NL) Forum 2021 by presenting their research and then having opportunities to gain feedback and insights from one-to-one interactions with more knowledgeable others and the larger community within the event itself. We draw on qualitative research with our main data sources being a pre- and a post-event online survey. We were interested to explore the extent to which the experiences described by the five ERs participants met their pre-event perceived views and expectations. While the pre-event survey delved into the participants’ professional background, motivations for participation and expectations, the post-event survey targeted participants’ perceptions about their learning and potential takeaways. Findings indicate that the five ERs saw their participation as an opportunity for their professional development and as an avenue to make and create professional connections with others in the same field of research. Most notably, they expected feedback from the NL Forum 2021 community and their interactions with field experts (referred to also as knowledgeable others) as support that could help them gain new and deepened insights for developing their research ideas and work. In describing their experiences (post-event), participants highlight opportunities for one-to-one conversations with experts, discussions in small groups, individual and collective reflections, connections with other ERs and the possibilities for expanding their professional learning networks. These findings highlight the importance of design features when offering events specifically targeted for ERs. In particular, findings indicate that creating an intimate, interactive and safe environment is essential for ERs to feel confident to present their research, critically analyse new perspectives and knowledge shared by others, and eventually acquire new knowledge.