Network Of Experts Research Articles

Od prisluškivanja činovnika do istraživanja međunarodnog društva

The paper analyses historical developments in the discipline of the history of international relations, from its origins in the nineteenth century until present day. It provides an overview of numerous approaches and topics that have driven its development over the previous two centuries. The article focuses on the evolution of the history of international relations in its American and Western European variations. In the first part, the origin and the activity of diplomatic history are examined in the context of the emergence of professional historiography. At that time, diplomatic history narrowly focused on studying the political and diplomatic relations between states and was the most prominent topic in political and intellectual discourse. Its significance further intensified following the First World War, when the topic of war guilt emerged as one of the major interwar political issues. In the second part, the study discusses the evolution of diplomatic history into a broader international history, emphasizing social, economic and ideological aspects. The shift happened as a result of the rising interest in social and economic history following World War II and manifested itself throughout specific discussions in various countries. It was also marked by increased uneasiness and self-criticism that historians of international affairs have become prone to. Following that, the paper explores the impact of new theoretical approaches and thematic concerns, that emerged as a result of the cultural turn, on the practice and the shape of international history. It now includes not only interstate relations, but also a diverse set of actors such as international organizations, multinational corporations, non-governmental organizations and networks of researchers, scientists and experts, all of which have been studied through the lenses of ideas, ideology, gender, beliefs, language, memory, value and perceptions.

An Improvement in Dynamic Behavior of Single Phase PM Brushless DC Motor Using Deep Neural Network and Mixture of Experts

An Improvement in Dynamic Behavior of Single Phase PM Brushless DC Motor Using Deep Neural Network and Mixture of Experts

Applied Learning on A Study Abroad: Teaching Community Emergency Preparedness in the Balkans

Natural disasters and human-made hazards in the Western Balkan region have led seven countries and territories to meet, discuss, and attempt “to create a sophisticated network of disaster experts and officials” (United Nations Development Programme, 2017). This is the fourth study abroad where students from Utah Valley University went to Kosovo and North Macedonia to study emergency response and teach community preparedness. In addition to earthquakes, fires, floods, and other disasters, the region has suffered through wars, forced-evacuations, economic and political instability and other human-caused tragedies. In 2015-2016, these countries were faced with a large migration of refugees from passed through to Western Europe. Most students on the study abroad were studying emergency response and community resilience. The Western Balkan region provided an ideal situation to learn about disasters and refugees. This study shows how applied learning approaches like a study abroad, community service, and teaching practicum can enhance student learning and prepare them for future careers.

"Mr. Phonograph, Are You There?": Mechanical Failure and Technological Determinism, 1877-1900.

When Thomas Edison handed over his 1877 invention of the phonograph-the new sound recording technology-to a group of investors to market across the U.S, the company lacked the proper expertise, manufacturing, and supply networks to do so. This article traces one company's struggle in dealing with the recurring malfunction of exhibition phonographs, which impacted how audiences came to view the innovation. In doing so, the article revisits the issue of technological determinism as parsed by scholars such as Bruno Latour, Robert Heilbroner, Thomas Hughes, Donald MacKenzie, and Judy Wajcman. Investigating under what circumstances one innovation enjoys more (or less) autonomy vis-à-vis social forces, the case study suggests that scholars should make more granular assessments of how technology and society impact each other.

An Algorithm for Peer Reviewer Recommendation Based on Scholarly Activity Assessment

Journal editors are putting a lot of effort into selecting appropriate reviewers for fair and reliable peer review of submitted manuscripts. Editors consider whether the reviewers have no affinity with any of the authors of manuscripts and have sufficient expertise in reviewing the manuscripts. The affinity can be evaluated by whether any of the reviewers has been a coauthor and/or a coworker in a common institution with any of the authors of the manuscript. The expertise depends on the similarity of the research topic between the reviewer’s published papers and the submitted manuscripts. In this paper we propose an algorithm to recommend appropriate reviewers to editors, based on the assessment of these scholarly activities and achievements. To implement this algorithm, TextRank and GenSim library are used to extract feature sets from abstract and introduction sections of both submitted manuscripts and the reviewer candidates’ papers. Based on the extracted feature sets, affinity and expertise check are implemented. An experiment has been conducted with a data set of over 1,000 papers in the field of DB research to evaluate the performance of this algorithm. The experiment consists of affinity check by using 2-mode network matrix operations and expertise check based on Max Similarity and/or topic clustering. Experimental results show that the recommendation algorithm is reasonable on the basis of scholarly activity assessment and achievements. Our method is designed to optimize the reviewer pool for each journal, client, and this algorithm is designed with an open license and has the advantage of being free to use and operate. In addition, our algorithm has the advantage of journal-specific optimization by designing to adjust the expertise of the reviewer selection and the weights for exclusion of interests to reflect journal-specific policies.

Supporting adaptation of the transport system to climate change and extreme weather events – From national to international research perspectives and back to local action

To address the challenge of providing climate resilient transportation, national and international action is needed. This includes awareness rising, capacity building and activities with regard to future transport planning as well as the implementation of climate adaptation measures. In Germany, a research Network of Federal Agencies under the Federal Ministry of Digital and Transportation (BMDV) – the BMDV Network of Experts – addresses these challenges. The DAS core service “Climate and Water” forms the bridge from research to operational services to support the German national adaptation strategy (DAS). Experiences of these national networks are shared and discussed internationally within the UNECE Group of Experts on Assessment of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Inland Transport. Methods and approaches discussed internationally are feed back to the national networks.

Mitigation of traffic-related noise – An overview of the focus research area within the BMDV Network of Experts

Increasing traffic flows and a densification of traffic networks lead to an increase in traffic-related noise. The consequences for people exposed to (traffic) noise can be concentration disorders, cardiovascular diseases and various other pathologies. In order to find interdepartmental solutions for problems that affect all modes of transport, the German Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport (BMDV) has set up the BMDV Network of Experts. In the subject area “Possibilities for reducing traffic-related sound emissions and noise”, different authorities have joined their expertise to develop new approaches for the mitigation of traffic-related noise. The present work gives an overview of the activities in this focus area. It summarises the promising results of the first research phase and presents the projects of the current second research phase, which started in 2020.

ВНЕШНЕПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКСПЕРТИЗА: ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ТЕОРИИ СЕКЬЮРИТИЗАЦИИ

The article is a scientific review of the studies of securitization theory, aimed at identifying its possible application to the study of foreign policy expertise. The study characterizes the main actors of securitization of international political issues; highlights the key provisions of securitization theory, which can be used to study foreign policy expertise; offers the author's interpretation of O. Khvostunova's typology of political experts regarding securitization in the framework of expert geopolitical discourse. The findings show that the application of securitization theory can contribute to the development of the scientific notion of foreign policy expertise as a specific network of experts engaged in the geopolitical discourse of the state and influencing foreign policy through it. It happens by having an effect on the geopolitical view of the world of both the political elite and the masses. In the future, the study of securitization steps and securitizing speeches in general can contribute to a deeper understanding of how and on what basis perceptions of foreign policy of decision makers in the security field are formed, what channels are used for this purpose, what role foreign policy expertise and pseudo-expertise play in this process.

Deliberative processes in health technology assessment of medicines: the case of Spain.

Spain incorporated in 2020 changes in its health technology assessment (HTA), pricing, and reimbursement system for medicines including publishing reports, development of networks of experts, or consultation with stakeholders. Despite these changes, it is unclear how deliberative frameworks are applied and the process has been criticized for not being sufficiently transparent. This study analyses the level of implementation of deliberative processes in HTA for medicines in Spain. We review the grey literature and summarize the Spanish HTA, pricing, and reimbursement process of medicines. We apply the deliberative processes for HTA checklist, developed to assess the overall context of the deliberative process, and identify the stakeholders involved and type of involvement following the framework for evidence-informed deliberative processes, a framework for benefit package design that aims to optimize the legitimacy of decision making. In the Spanish HTA, pricing, and reimbursement process deliberation takes place in order to exchange viewpoints and reach common ground, mainly during the prioritization, assessment, and appraisal steps. It is closed to the public, not clearly summarized in published documents and limited to the Ministry of Health, the regulatory agency, other Ministries, and experts with mostly clinical and/or pharmaceutical background. The views of stakeholders are only represented through consultation. Communication is the most commonly used form of stakeholder engagement. Despite improvements in transparency of the Spanish HTA process for evaluating medicines, aspects related to stakeholder involvement and implementation of deliberative frameworks need further attention in order to achieve further legitimacy of the process.

The spread of COVID-19 vaccine information in Arabic on YouTube: A network exposure study.

The Arabic-speaking world had the lowest vaccine rates worldwide. The region's increasing reliance on social media as a source of COVID-19 information coupled with the increasing popularity of YouTube in the Middle East and North Africa region begs the question of what COVID-19 vaccine content is available in Arabic on YouTube. Given the platform's reputation for being a hotbed for vaccine-related misinformation in English, this study explored the COVID-19 vaccine-related content an individual is likely to be exposed to on YouTube when using keyword-based search or redirected to YouTube from another platform from an anti-vaccine seed video in Arabic. Only using the Arabic language, four networks of videos based on YouTube's recommendations were created in April 2021. Two search networks were created based on Arabic pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine keywords, and two seed networks were created from conspiracy theory and anti-vaccine expert seed videos. The network exposure model was used to examine the video contents and network structures. Results show that users had a low chance of being exposed to anti-vaccine content in Arabic compared to the results of a previous study of YouTube content in English. Of the four networks, only the anti-vaccine expert network had a significant likelihood of exposing the user to more anti-vaccine videos. Implications were discussed. YouTube deserves credit for its efforts to clean up and limit anti-vaccine content exposure in Arabic on its platform, but continuous evaluations of the algorithm functionality are warranted.

European Disintegration and Integration During the First World War Revisited

This article introduces a partially special issue exploring the ways in which diverse political, economic, military, and technical actors in both camps perceived the techno-economic integration and disintegration of Europe during and after the First World War. How to deal with the severing of ties forged over the previous decades? How to go about re-establishing new ties, and with whom? To what extent did wartime reflection and experience relating to these issues shape post-war responses? Research focusing on war aims and peace negotiations shows that in terms of international cooperation and the organisation of Europe, these years were neither the polar opposite nor a simple pause of pre-1914 integration. Our aim is to use specific case studies to document how this disintegration unfolded or was contained, as well as to examine why and how new integration was implemented during the war and subsequently called into question when peace returned, before often re-emerging in Europeanist movements and expert networks linked to state foreign policy after Locarno. We will especially focus on transport (rail and road) and patents, two of the most hotly debated issues on both sides, albeit asymmetrically.

Development of Algorithm for Person Re-Identification Using Extended Openface Method

Deep learning has risen in popularity as a face recognition technology in recent years. Facenet, a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) developed by Google, recognizes faces with 128 bytes per face. It also claims to have achieved 99.96% on the reputed Labelled Faces in the Wild (LFW) dataset. However, the accuracy and validation rate of Facenet drops down eventually, there is a gradual decrease in the resolution of the images. This research paper aims at developing a new facial recognition system that can produce a higher accuracy rate and validation rate on low-resolution face images. The proposed system Extended Openface performs facial recognition by using three different features i) facial landmark ii) head pose iii) eye gaze. It extracts facial landmark detection using Scattered Gated Expert Network Constrained Local Model (SGEN-CLM). It also detects the head pose and eye gaze using Enhanced Constrained Local Neural field (ECLNF). Extended openface employs a simple Support Vector Machine (SVM) for training and testing the face images. The system’s performance is assessed on low-resolution datasets like LFW, Indian Movie Face Database (IMFDB). The results demonstrated that Extended Openface has a better accuracy rate (12%) and validation rate (22%) than Facenet on low-resolution images.

ДИЛЕМА ДВОЗНАЧНОСТІ У РОЗУМІННІ ПЕРСОНАЛЬНОГО БРЕНДУ

Informatization of all areas of modern human activity and the rapid development of new information and communication technologies create favorable conditions for the implementation of programs of operational access to remote material and intellectual resources distributed throughout the globe. Over the past decade, social media has changed the way people, communities, and organizations create, share, and consume information from each other and businesses. However, today people have become more careful about their presence on the Internet, especially on social networks. It is becoming increasingly clear that social media poses enormous risks to individuals, communities, companies, and even society as a whole. Examples of such risks in social media include cyberbullying, addictive use, trolling, online witch-hunts, fake news, and privacy violations. The credibility of our study was enhanced by detailed data collection aimed at obtaining a deeper understanding of the phenomena of personal perception of social networks based on primary data obtained from interviews with social network experts and secondary data from the analysis of a large amount of secondary data (industry reports, press releases, eSports columns, and blogs). Using a reverse approach with primary and secondary data, we were able to ensure that all information based on the secondary data set was consistent with the expert interviews, and this was the basis for our interviewee research. As part of this process, we asked our interviewees to describe the motivational factors behind their involvement in social networks. The main goal of this study was based on the multidimensionality and duality of individual perceptions of social networks. Applying a qualitative methodological approach, the article investigates the individual attitude of consumers toward behavior in social networks (SNS). Through the prism of personal brand development, it is understood that people strive to create a satisfactory presentation of the desired self. At the same time, an important criterion of individual behavior in social networks is the preservation of public perception of one's identity. The fear of being unclear is associated with conflicting opinions in front of the target audience. In addition to promotion, the research helps to understand how personal brand interests influence social perception. The obtained results help to gain more knowledge about consumers from the point of view of their involvement in marketing communication.

Personal brand development problems through the social culture perception prism

Introduction. The article considers the problem of the individual personal brand development through the prism of the social culture of perception. We also identified approaches to understanding social culture, analyzed the results of research on the impact of social culture on personal brand development, and considered the structure of social culture. The article defines the types of socialization in which the individual brand values is particularly important, namely: volunteer work, professional expertise in various fields, and individual self-sufficiency as a role model. Goal. The purpose of this study was to determine the dependence of factors of socio-cultural influence on the ability of self-realization and self-actualization through the creation of an individual personal brand. Method. Confidence in our research was increased by detailed data collection aimed at obtaining a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of personal perception of social networks based on primary information obtained by the method of experimental questionnaires of social network experts. Using the analysis of the results of the survey in the control and experimental groups of respondents, we were able to make sure that the motivational factors that encourage individual involvement in social networks have a social basis. The results. We considered social culture as a set of actions to create optimal internal conditions for the development and self-change of the individual, education of the subject of activity, capable of acting, harmonizing his activity with the natural, social, spiritual-moral (value-meaning) basis of interaction with the surrounding world and himself. In the research process, ascertaining and control stages, we evaluated the level of self-actualization of persons with a developed personal brand (PB) of the control and experimental groups using the self-actualization test (TSA). The ecopsychological approach is the basis of the construction of the technology for the implementation of the social culture development program of certain types of socialization (experts). The reliability of test results and differences in mean values were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The formative program shows the effective influence of the development of social culture on the self-actualization of the individual and the ability to form his PB.

ДИЛЕМА РОЗВИТКУ ПЕРСОНАЛЬНОГО БРЕНДУ: БУТИ ЧИ НЕ БУТИ

Informatization of all areas of modern human activity and the rapid development of new information and communication technologies create favorable conditions for the implementation of programs of operational access to remote material and intellectual resources distributed throughout the globe. Over the past decade, social media has changed the way people, communities, and organizations create, share, and consume information from each other and businesses. However, today people have become more careful about their presence on the Internet, especially on social networks. It is becoming increasingly clear that social media poses enormous risks to individuals, communities, companies, and even society as a whole. Examples of such risks in social media include cyberbullying, addictive use, trolling, online witch-hunts, fake news, and privacy violations. The credibility of our study was enhanced by detailed data collection aimed at obtaining a deeper understanding of the phenomena of personal perception of social networks based on primary data obtained from interviews with social network experts and secondary data from the analysis of a large amount of secondary data (industry reports, press releases, eSports columns, and blogs). Using a reverse approach with primary and secondary data, we were able to ensure that all information based on the secondary data set was consistent with the expert interviews, and this was the basis for our interviewee research. As part of this process, we asked our interviewees to describe the motivational factors behind their involvement in social networks. The main goal of this study was based on the multidimensionality and duality of individual perceptions of social networks. Applying a qualitative methodological approach, the article investigates the individual attitude of consumers toward behavior in social networks (SNS). Through the prism of personal brand development, it is understood that people strive to create a satisfactory presentation of the desired self. At the same time, an important criterion of individual behavior in social networks is the preservation of public perception of one's identity. The fear of being unclear is associated with conflicting opinions in front of the target audience. In addition to promotion, the research helps to understand how personal brand interests influence social perception. The obtained results help to gain more knowledge about consumers from the point of view of their involvement in marketing communication.

Basic methods of developing an expert system to assess the efficiency of power supply networks

The paper presents the basic methods for developing an expert system to assess the efficiency of power supply networks. The existing expert systems and possibility of their use to assess the efficiency of power supply systems have been analyzed. Mathematical models for network expertise, in particular, methods of the theory of choice and decision making were described. Decision-making algorithm for power grid based on differential evolution method is considered. The algorithm to calculate the reduced costs in designing power supply networks, allowing to develop the optimal expert system for control and assessment of power supply network efficiency, has been obtained.

RDM in a Decentralised University Ecosystem—A Case Study of the University of Cologne

The University of Cologne (UoC) has historically grown in highly decentralised structures. This is reflected by a two-layered library structure as well as by a number of decentralised research data management (RDM) activities established on the faculty and research consortium level. With the aim to foster networking, cooperation, and synergies between existing activities, a university-wide RDM will be established. A one-year feasibility study was commissioned by the Rectorate in 2016 and carried out by the department research management, library and computing centre. One study outcome was the adoption of a university-wide research data guideline. Based on a comprehensive RDM service portfolio, measures were developed to put a central RDM into practice. The challenges have been to find the right level of integration and adaptation of existing and established decentralised structures and to develop additional new structures and services. We will report on first steps to map out central RDM practices at the UoC and to develop a structure of cooperation between loosely coupled information infrastructure actors. Central elements of this structure are a competence center, an RDM expert network, a forum for exchange about RDM and associated topics as well as the faculties with their decentralized, domain-specific RDM services. The Cologne Competence Center for Research Data Management (C³RDM) was founded at the end of 2018 and is still in its development phase. It provides a one-stop entry point for all questions regarding RDM. The center itself provides basic and generic RDM services, such as training, consulting, and data publication support, and acts as a hub to the decentral experts, information infrastructure actors, and resources.

Clinical, methodology, and patient/carer expert advice in pediatric drug development by conect4children.

Many medicines are used "off-label" in children outside the terms of the license. Feasible pediatric clinical trials are a challenge to design. Conect4children (c4c) is an Innovative Medicines Initiative project to set up a pan-European pediatric clinical trial network aiming to facilitate the development of new medicines for children. To optimize pediatric trial development by promoting innovative trial design, c4c set up a European multidisciplinary advice service, including the voice of young patients and families, tailored to industry and academia. A network of experts was established to provide multidisciplinary advice to trial sponsors. Experts were selected to join clinical and innovative methodology expert groups. A patient and public involvement (PPI) database, to include the expert opinion of patients and parents/carers was formed. A stepwise process was developed: (1) sponsors contact c4c, (2) scoping interview takes place, (3) ad hoc advice group formed, (5) advice meeting held, and (6) advice report provided. Feedback on the process was collected. Twenty-four clinical and innovative methodology expert groups (>400 experts) and a PPI database of 135 registrants were established. As of September 30, 2022, 36 advice requests were received, with 25 requests completed. Clinical and methodology experts and PPI representatives participated in several advice requests. Sponsors appreciated the advice quality and the multidisciplinary experts from different countries, including experts not known before. Experts and PPI participants were generally satisfied with the process. The c4c project has shown successful proof of concept for a service that presents a new framework to plan innovative and feasible pediatric trials.

GAIL-PT: An intelligent penetration testing framework with generative adversarial imitation learning

Penetration testing (PT) is an efficient tool for network testing and vulnerability mining by simulating the hackers’ attacks to obtain valuable information applied in operating and database systems. Most of the traditional manual solutions are strongly relying on the domain knowledge of human experts with high penetration costs. Therefore, solutions based on the artificial intelligent algorithm such as reinforcement learning (RL) and deep reinforcement learning (DRL), with less time-consuming and lower labor costs, become a great solution to address the challenge. However, there are still a few challenges for RL/DRL-based PT in real penetration scenarios, such as the large dimension size of the agent’s discrete action space usually causing difficulties in convergence. To address the above issue, this paper proposes a novel framework named Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning based intelligent Penetration Testing (GAIL-PT), which utilizes expert knowledge base and GAIL network to guide the policy generation of RL/DRL agents with lower costs. Specifically, we first construct the expert knowledge bases by collecting state-action pairs from the successful exploitations of pre-trained RL/DRL models. Secondly, we feed the expert knowledge bases generated by different RL/DRL models online into the discriminator of GAIL-PT to guide its training process. Besides, we integrate the losses of the generator and the discriminator in GAIL-PT to optimize the overall objective and use the discriminator’s discounted rewards for policy generation. The extensive experiments conducted on the practical target hosts and simulated network scenarios demonstrate that GAIL-PT achieves outstanding performance, and outperforms the state-of-art method DeepExploit in exploiting Metasploitable2 and Q-learning in different scale networks. It also verified that GAIL-PT is a general leading framework suitable for RL/DRL-based methods. The code of GAIL-PT is open-sourced at https://github.com/Shulong98/GAIL-PT//.

The Response of Tribal Cultural Care to the Physical and Emotional Needs of Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

As Taiwan's society ages, Tribal Cultural Health Stations serve as in situ long-term care centers that are committed to building a long-term care service model for indigenous peoples based on cultural care. The cultural sensitivity, cultural ability, and tribal ability of long-term care planners and professional helpers remains insufficient, making it difficult to achieve the policy goals of "designing for the tribes and for the locals" and "creating a cultural care mechanism". However, based on a foundation of local blood and geo-relationship and through the care expertise and interpersonal network established through long-term tribal cultivation and service, a cultural care mechanism that meets local awareness, local needs, and human trust has been formed by expanding linkages among the resources of all local stakeholders. During the COVID-19 epidemic, this has helped facilitate the recovery of the emotional and physical health of older tribal adults. For example, caregivers have been able to help ease the anxieties among older adults in indigenous communities regarding vaccination, fear of infection, isolation, and interpersonal suspicions. In addition, the positive role of the tribal cultural care mechanism as a social safety valve during the pandemic has been demonstrated.