Organization Expert Research Articles

Study of the causes of the collapse of a high-rise chimney under conditions of long-term operation

This article analyzes the causes of the collapse of a high-rise chimney in Petropavlovsk. A study of the factors of long-term (over 60 years) operation of a high-altitude (H=150 m) chimney was carried out. The analysis of the constructive solution of the pipe was carried out, and the study of the operating conditions was performed. To theoretically assess the technical condition and stress-strain state factors (SSS) of the collapsed chimney, automated verification calculations were carried out based on the actual parameters and characteristics obtained during the last technical inspection. An automated verification calculation of SSS factors determining the bearing capacity of an object (its strength, rigidity, reliability, and durability) has been performed. Theoretically, the physical wear of the object has also been carried out. Based on the study of the available technical documentation and conducting a continuous, detailed instrumental examination of the facility, the expert organization established the significant causes that led to the pipe accident.

Egg protein exposure estimation in risk assessment for Japanese food allergy labeling

To assess the risk of food allergies in foods processed under the Japanese food labeling system, estimating exposure to hidden allergens is necessary. We assessed exposure to egg protein in foods processed according to the Japanese food labeling system. First, we estimated the concentration distribution of egg protein by Bayesian methods using data from the literature and the measurement of food products with precautional declarations in the labeling margin. We then estimated the food-intake portion-size distribution under two scenarios: soft drink consumption as an example of single, high-intake consumption, and confections, which are frequently consumed by children, as a realistic example of low-intake consumption. Finally, we estimated the distribution of unexpected intake of egg proteins in the form of single consumption. The mean exposure to egg protein under the high-intake scenario was estimated to be 0.0164 mg for 1–15-year-olds, 0.0171 mg for 4–15-year-olds, 0.0181 mg for 7–15-year-olds, and ≥0.0188 mg for 16-year-olds. The mean exposure to egg protein under the low-intake scenario was estimated to be 0.0018 mg for 1–15-year-olds, 0.0019 mg for 4–15-year-olds, 0.0020 mg for 7–15-year-olds, and ≥0.0022 mg for 16-year-olds. Compared to the reference dose of 2.0 mg proposed by the Joint the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee, the risk of onset of food allergies due to egg protein contamination from foods without egg labeling is considered to be extremely low under the current Japanese food labeling system.

Expert Evaluation of the Organizational Technology for Prolonging Doctors’ Professional Activity

Background. Healthcare professionals fall into the professions that significantly strengthen national economy. In order to avoid national economic losses, we should protect older healthcare professionals as a source of national workforce by developing and implementing a health-saving technology that prolongs their professional effective activity. Based on the previously conducted sociological survey of doctors providing medical care in the polyclinics of Moscow and Moscow Oblast, an assessment of the doctors’ professional competencies was carried out [1] and an organizational technology was formed [2] and then submitted to an expert evaluation. Objective. To expertly evaluate the importance of the activities that are included in the organizational technology prolonging the professional effective activity of older doctors. Materials and methods. The methods of sociological, statistical and expert evaluation were used for studying the experts’ opinions on the importance of each activity of organizational technology for prolonging the professional effective activity of healthcare professionals. Experts (n = 50) were asked to rank the activities according to the importance for achieving the result – support for the professional effective activity of doctors - in the case of the implementation of this organizational technology. The experts were specialists in the field of healthcare and public health: chief physicians, heads of departments of polyclinics in Moscow and Moscow Oblast, accredited in the specialty of the Higher Attestation Commission 03.02.03 "Public health, organization and sociology of healthcare, medical and social expertise" with leadership experience in healthcare from 1 to 29 years. The objectivity of experts’ judgment is based on their knowledge and expertise in healthcare and public health. Findings. The experts progressively evaluated the organizational technology, firstly by each stage and then as a whole. Thus, it was made a conclusion on the effectiveness of organizational technology preserving medical competencies and prolonging the professional effective activity of older doctors.

The Influence of Organisational Culture on the Institutional Strengthening through a Resource-Based View

This study aims to conduct research that principally emphasises the influence of organisational culture on institutional strengthening through the application of a resource-based view. There are a great number of organisational behaviour experts who confirm that the fit level of the person and organisation is based on several factors, such as the work environment. Literature explains that organisational culture is associated with shared values, practices, and behaviours that contribute to the organisation’s psychological and social environment. organisational culture also fosters the development and improvement of adaptability and flexibility among organisation members in order to respond more efficiently and effectively to changing situations, which is critical for institutional strengthening. The organisation is helped to ensure that any individual who is attached to the organisation is aware of the objective and/or goal, policy management, as well as the expectations of the organisation, and eventually, effective and efficient communication is perceived as one of the critical factors for institutional strengthening.

Organization Communication for Leadership Training Program to Create Sustainability

Communication by a leader plays an important role in the process of conveying information, ideas and other things within an organisation. A leader's ability to communicate with employees, stakeholders, and clients in the most effective way is key. How organisational communication is applied in the training programme received by leaders. In the practice, decision-making, miscommunication, and ineffectiveness of activities still have the potential to occur. For this reason, research organization communication flow for leadership training program is needed. So that the company's business can be effective and sustainable. This research using a qualitative approach will deepen and analyse. The informants used as sources in this research are project leaders, expert instructors, organisational communication experts, user/client representatives and business development. The results showed the importance of having organisational communication to make training effective. The communication chosen should be in accordance with the culture of the organisation, and the success of the training also needs to be communicated to the public so that the organisation has good institutional value. Effective communication plays an important role in the success of leadership training programmes that aim to promote sustainability in business organisations.

Expert Consensus on the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B in Children

Abstract The aim of this consensus is to standardize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children and to achieve the goal of “eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030” issued by the World Health Organization. Formulated by organized experts of the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases and Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association; Group of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association; and the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (Beijing), the consensus provides the latest evidence and recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children.

A review of the impact of environmental pollutions on reproductive health and risk mitigation strategies

AbstractThe reproductive health system holds paramount importance for human well‐being. Reproductive health is notably susceptible to oxidative stress, triggered by the generation of reactive oxygen species from pollutants such as Cd is often found in cigarette smoke ultimately resulting in diminished fertility among couples. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the repercussions and hazards posed by pollutants to reproductive health, elucidating how pollution can instigate reproductive disorders and proposing mitigation strategies. The first set of questions aimed to avert pregnancy abnormalities and curtail morbidity and mortality rates and underscores the need for antioxidants as a pivotal risk mitigation strategy. Fostering public awareness of a healthy lifestyle is imperative. These sustainable solutions and the involvement of expert organizations at local, national, and global scales, employing a multidisciplinary approach, are indispensable for effective problem‐solving in this domain. Findings from the review highlight a correlation between pregnancy complications, encompassing spontaneous abortions, premature deliveries, and low birth weight (LBW), attributable to pollutants, thereby escalating morbidity and mortality rates.

Are cancer screening recommendations from top US cancer centers concordant with the USPSTF guidelines?

10535 Background: The USPSTF is an independent volunteer organization of multi-disciplinary national experts in disease prevention that publishes evidence-based non-binding recommendations for screening diseases, including cancer. Herein we assessed the congruence of cancer screening recommendations between the USPSTF and the Top 10 US Cancer Centers (as per the U.S News and World Report). Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the published screening recommendations from the Top 10 US Cancer Centers for colorectal (CRC), lung (LC), cervical (CC), prostate (PC), and breast cancers (BC) in average risk patients, to those of the USPSTF. The variables of interest included: screening tests, recommendation direction (for/against), strength, frequency, age of start, age of end, and discussion about risks and benefits. Data extraction was done by 2 authors and discrepancies resolved by mutual consensus and discussion with a third author. Results: We demonstrate the differences between the screening recommendations from the Top 10 Cancer Centers relative to those from the USPSTF (Table). Conclusions: Our study found significant variability between the screening recommendations from the 2022-2023 USNWR top 10 cancer centers and the evidence-based USPSTF guidelines for BC, PC, CC, and CRC. The recommendations for LC were overall in line with those of the USPSTF. The discordance was almost always in the direction of the cancer centers recommending more screening beyond the USPSTF’s recommendations, and often without discussion of potential risks and harms. This inconsistency could create confusion to the public, and therefore, a consistent messaging across the cancer centers congruent with the USPSTF recommendations and including a nuanced discussion of benefits and risks may be in the best public health interest.[Table: see text]

Sovereign climate bonds: Policy innovation for just transitions in developing countries

This paper proposes sovereign climate-aligned bonds (SCBs) as an innovation that could mobilise climate investment towards developing countries. The research focuses on identifying the mechanisms underlying the issuance of SCBs in developing countries to unlock climate investment from capital markets and what they imply for facilitating just transitions. The research bridges scholarship across three fields: policy innovation, climate finance and just transitions, undertaking semi-structured interviews in two samples: SCB direct managers and intermediary and expert organisations. Drawing on Seychelles’s blue bond and Indonesia’s green sukuk as case studies, the research found that gaps in the public budgets of both countries were the main triggers for issuing SCBs and internationally, the influence of international organisations (World Bank and UNDP). Domestically, national wealth, access to international markets, alignment of the instruments' characteristics with political agendas and compatibility with regulations were key factors. SCB benefits, such as capital mobilisation, new investors and transparency, were perceived to outweigh additionality concerns or reputational risks (though higher transaction costs compared with non-green issuances remained a consideration). SCBs may be used as political statements in support of climate agendas, surpassing the perceived benefits of the mobilised capital. A legacy of exclusive dynamics in private markets remains a structural barrier for SCBs to be transformational in addressing climate change. Risk-return rationales and the exclusion of climate from countries’ risk profiling place developing countries in a more challenging position. While these instruments may not be sufficient to close the climate investment gap, they have an important role to play.

Research progress on clinical antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children

The aim of this consensus is to standardize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children and to achieve the goal of "eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030" issued by the World Health Organization. Formulated by organized experts of the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases and Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, Group of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association, and National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (Beijing), the consensus provides the latest evidence and recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children.

Analysis of asset management difficulties observed in Brazilian firms: a study based on expert survey and fuzzy TOPSIS

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to understand the difficulties related to asset management observed by experts in Brazilian organizations in light of the requirements outlined in the ISO 55001:2014 standard.Design/methodology/approachA survey was performed with asset management experts. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to deal solution (TOPSIS).FindingsBased on data analysis, the most critical difficulties observed were related to managing and controlling the impact of changes in the company that affect asset management objectives; to the committing to and supporting the asset management system by the top management of the organization; to manage the processes for dealing with risks and opportunities for the asset management system and plans, and correcting failures in asset performance; and to plan and conduct actions in an integrated manner to identify and minimize adverse impacts associated with the asset management system, and afterwards verifying their effectiveness.Originality/valueThe findings of this study have important theoretical and practical contributions, since they indicate the most critical points observed in asset management in Brazil, which can be used as a source for future research and by professionals to prioritize difficulties in future planning and develop action plans to overcome them. The step-by-step methodological approach presented in this study provides professionals and researchers with a replicable method of identifying potential asset management difficulties in a given specific reality.

Examining of Marketing Research: Methodology, Criteria, Tool

The purpose of the study was to develop a methodology and appropriate tools for conducting an examination of the quality of marketing research. When carrying out the research, methods of traditional analysis of scientific literature and existing expert practice of the results of intellectual activity, comparison, generalization, description, formalization were used. The object of the study was reports on marketing research, the subject was the quality of their preparation. Based on a generalization of the definitions of the concept of “marketing research” and an analysis of the requirements for marketing information, the author formulated a definition of the concept of “quality of marketing research”. The article defines a list of evaluation criteria for conducting an examination of the quality of marketing research. In accordance with each of the criteria, a set of questions has been formed, the answers to which must be given by specialists when conducting an examination of the quality of marketing research. An algorithm for conducting an examination is presented, methods are defined and tools for its implementation are developed. The author also demonstrated the practical use of the tools he developed for conducting an examination of the quality of marketing research. In conclusion, the article formulates conclusions about the need for further study of the problem of examination of the results of intellectual activity, including marketing research, improvement of methodological tools, and the formation of a unified approach to resolving certain problems within the framework of expert practice of assessing the quality of preparation of marketing research. The results of the study may be useful to specialists acting as experts on the results of intellectual activity, including marketing research, government and non-government expert organizations, and forensic experts.

OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE LABOR MARKET: INTERNATIONAL FORECAST AND NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES

The article outlines the theoretical aspects and directions of AI development in the modern world, presents a classification, and spheres of its application in real economic conditions. Based on the research, the following are compiled: a list of top professions at the global and national levels; the structure of vacancies and resumes on the national market; a comparison of trends in the labor market outlined by international and national expert organizations in the field of the labor market with trends identified using AI; an assessment of the opinion of AI (chatbots ChatGPT and Gemini) on the issues of evaluating and forecasting the development directions of the labor market, demand and supply for various professions in the Republic of Belarus.

О проведении аудита системы управления промышленной безопасностью на примере ООО «Газпром трансгаз Томск»

The results of the audit of the industrial safety management system of Gazprom transgaz Tomsk, LLC, with the participation of the independent expert organization Scientific and Technical Center for Industrial Safety Problems Research, JSC, are provided. Notably, the audit of the industrial safety management system has been combined with the “classic” industrial safety audit. Brief information on Gazprom transgaz Tomsk, LLC, is provided, with the main focus on typical hazardous production facilities selected for the audit. The audit planning process, including the distribution of executives among the facilities to visit, in accordance with their geographic location, is described. The principles of establishment of criteria for the audit are listed. The parallel coordination of the jobs within the audit by the manager of the group of auditors and the representatives of the audit client is mentioned. A description of the stages of audit where the main attention has been paid to the industrial safety management system audit is provided. Notably, depending on the specifics of a visited department, the audit’s focuses change as well. The obtained results have been analyzed. The problem of currently missing requirements for the implementation, functioning, and evaluation of the efficiency of industrial safety management systems has been mentioned. The conclusion on the possibility and advisability of the industrial safety management system auditing combined with the control over the extent of compliance with the industrial safety requirements for hazardous production facilities as proof of the system's efficient functioning has been made. It is stated that such an experience can be used to develop regulatory and legal acts adopting the changes introduced in the Federal Law of July 21, 1997, № 116-FZ «On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities».

"Caminando Con Riesgo": perceptions of occupational injury, workplace safety and workers rights among Spanish-speaking hospitalized patients.

Occupational health disparities are well documented among immigrant populations and occupational injury remains a high cause of morbidity and mortality among immigrant populations. There are several factors that contribute to the high prevalence of work-related injury among this population and those without legal status are more likely to experience abusive labor practices that can lead to injury. While the work-related injuries and experiences of Spanish-speaking workers have been explored previously, there is a paucity of literature documenting injury among hospitalized patients. Additionally, there are few documented hospital-based occupational injury prevention programs and no programs that implement workers rights information. The purpose of this study was to further explore the context of work related injuries primarily experienced by Spanish speaking patients and knowledge of their rights in the workplace. This was a semi-structured qualitative interview study with Spanish speaking patients admitted to the hospital for work related injuries. The study team member conducting interviews was bilingual and trained in qualitative methodology. An interview guide was utilized for all interviews and was developed with an immigrant workers rights organization and study team expertise, and factors documented in the literature. Participants were asked about the type and context of the injury sustained, access and perceptions of workplace safety, and knowledge of participants rights as workers. All interviews were conducted in Spanish, recorded, transcribed in Spanish and then translated into English. A codebook was developed and refined iteratively and two independent coders coded all English transcripts using Dedoose. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was reached and data was analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. A total of eight interviews were completed. All participants reported working in hazardous conditions that resulted in an injury. Participants expressed a relative acceptance that their workplace environment was dangerous and acknowledged that injuries were common, essentially normalizing the risk of injury. There were varying reports of access to and utilization of safety information and equipment and employer engagement in safety was perceived as a facilitator to safety. Most participants did have some familiarity with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inspections but were not as familiar with OSHA procedures and their rights as workers. We identified several themes related to workplace injury among Spanish speaking patients, many of which raise concerns about access to workplace safety, re-injury and long-term recovery. The context around immigration is particularly important to consider and may lead to unique risk factors for injury, recovery, and re-injury both in the workplace and beyond the workplace, suggesting that perhaps immigration status alone may serve as a predisposition to injury. Thus, it is critical to understand the context around work related injuries in this population considering the tremendous impact of employment on one's health and financial stability. Further research on this topic is warranted, specifically the exploration of multiple intersecting layers of exposure to injury among immigrant populations. Future work should focus on hospital-based strategies for injury prevention and know your rights education tailored to Spanish speaking populations.

Expert Authority Politics in the Marine Biodiversity Complex

Abstract The negotiations for a new instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of high-seas marine biodiversity (marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction; BBNJ) finally concluded after difficult negotiations. The BBNJ negotiations had to address a regime complex of sectoral and regional organizations regulating different aspects of marine biodiversity and a political struggle about the epistemologies that ought to inform marine biodiversity governance, which is driven by limited, unequally distributed, and contested knowledge. However, to be implemented, the new BBNJ Agreement will have to be equipped with expert authority to be able to address these challenges and make competent statements about the state of high-seas marine biodiversity. We address a gap in empirical work on expert authority in the regime complex by analyzing state references to the expertise of different international organizations in the BBNJ negotiations. Combining collaborative event ethnography and social network analysis, we show that states strategically and politically refer to the expertise of international organizations, and we coin the term authority shopping to describe this behavior.

SOME ISSUES OF IMPROVING RULEMAKING IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article addresses issues related to the improvement of legislative drafting activity. The author pays special attention to solving pressing issues, based on the theoretical, academic and practical positions of scholars and the results of the current practice of authorized bodies. The article highlights various methods for drafting bills by the Government and Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For instance, there are separate Rules for legislative work for bills developed by the Government, which include additional mechanisms that necessitate a more detailed and comprehensive consideration of the draft law being developed. In turn, these requirements and some norms of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Legal Acts" do not apply to bills initiated by deputies of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the author, this distinction is unjustified and could lead to negative consequences. The article also covers issues discussed in the Regulatory Policy Advisory Document for the draft law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On introduction of amendments and supplements to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding the improvement of rule-making process" (the draft was developed in December 2023), specifically the introduction of a new evaluation mechanism, namely "Regulatory Policy Assessments". Furthermore, the author examines the process of conducting the current model of organization and coordination of academic legal expertise and provides an assessment of this topic. In conclusion, the author offers specific recommendations for addressing the issues under consideration.

Emergency care and treatment of cerebral stroke at the stages of hospitalisation

According to the World Health Organization experts, about 7 million deaths due to cerebrovascular disease are recorded annually worldwide, and the number of stroke deaths is projected to reach 7.8 million by 2030. The main causes of stroke and its growth are population ageing, urbanisation, unhealthy lifestyles, insufficient control of risk factors (hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, stressful situations, etc.). It is also associated with untimely provision of emergency medical care at the pre-hospital stage and ineffective treatment of strokes at the hospital stage, as well as a low efficiency of preventive treatment for recurrent stroke and rehabilitation measures. The lecture presents modern methods and techniques for treating patients with acute cerebrovascular accident at different stages: pre-hospital, hospital, and rehabilitation.

Organisational Expertise in Hollywood: How the Government, Social Movements, and Think Tanks Consult TV and Film Makers

Existing studies show that when Hollywood professionals develop and produce films and television series, they consult experts in social and political issues. These experts may be private individuals or representatives of various governmental, social movement, or research organisations. Drawing on ethnography and interviews, I focus on organisational experts and explore how they provide their expertise to Hollywood. I argue that these organisations form a peculiar social space surrounding Hollywood, which I refer to as ‘the relational space of organisational expertise provision’, which demonstrates some field effects like similar practices and habitus, but does not show overt competition. I argue that the provision of organisational expertise in Hollywood is undertaken by organisational boundary spanners who operate within this relational space through the enactment of expertise networks, the construction of connecting interfaces, and the trading of expertise as short-lived, or proxy, capital. These findings contribute to the Bourdieusian field analysis and sociology of expertise by elucidating how social spaces interact, how social agents gain power through the inter-field exchange of expertise, and what happens in the field of power.

“We Need to Build Carbon-Neutral Houses” – Discourses of Responsible Expertise in Finnish Professional Media

ABSTRACT In this study, we explore how expertise and responsibility are discursively intertwined in professional media. Based on quotations from building and real-estate industry professionals in news texts concerning sustainable building and housing, we identified three responsibility-related discourses: responsibility as a strategic professional vision, responsibility as techno-material expertise, and responsibility as a communal and societal orientation. These discourses of responsible expertise are important for voicing professional perspectives and emphasizing corporate social responsibility (CSR). In the sustainability transition, industry professionals are balancing between organizational and industry-level motives, between utility perspectives for “us” and “others,” and between managing impressions of doing good for the industry and for citizens or society at large. Through and with journalism, these professionals disseminate both individual and organizational expertise to the public in order to “make the industry and the whole society better and more sustainable.”