Experts In Different Fields Research Articles

(Experimenting with) Living Architecture: a practice perspective

Energy from depleting fossil fuels consumed in the construction and operation of buildings accounts for approximately half of the UK's emissions of carbon dioxide. With global warming increasing, amplifying extreme weather conditions and frequency, buildings can no longer remain static and unresponsive to their surrounding environment. Architecture must become adaptive, reactive to changes in climate, and reducing CO2, not generating it.As a tree responds to and moderates its surrounding environment, nature can become a key inspiration in developing mechanisms to reduce the impact of climate change and resource depletion. At Astudio, our research looks to incorporate fundamental processes in living and natural systems in the architectural design of responsive surfaces and building services. A form of synthetic biology, these ‘bio-responsive’ designs combine both biological and technical systems, which adapt to, and harvest from, the immediate climatic environment. This paper will demonstrate the potential of synthetic biology in improving the resilience of our built environment, documented through our practice research and our collaborations with industry and academic institutions to date.Astudio are world-class architects focused on reducing our buildings’ impact on the environment. Our courage in the pursuit new ways to reduce carbon and change behaviors gained us the coveted title of Architectural Practice of the Year in 2012. This unprecedented achievement led us to establish our research and development group, whose role is to investigate new ways of seeing and thinking about the challenges we face in the industry. With this group, we explore visionary concepts that enable us to consider how we may cross boundaries taking us out of architecture and work with different fields of expertise that can help us solve sustainable construction in new ways. We look to the future to propose buildable solutions today.

Risk Evaluation of Qinghai–Tibet Power Grid Interconnection Project for Sustainability

The Qinghai–Tibet power grid interconnection project is the first power transmission project with the highest altitude, longest transmission lines, longest distance running across the plateau frozen ground, and highest iron tower in the world. The risk evaluation on it can identify the overall risk level and key risk factors, which can reduce risk-induced loss and promote sustainable construction. In this paper, the risk of the Qinghai–Tibet power grid interconnection project was evaluated by employing a matter-element extension model under a fuzzy environment. After building the risk evaluation index system, the performances and weights of criteria were qualitatively judged by three groups of experts in different fields, and then the risk of the Qinghai–Tibet power grid interconnection project was rated by employing matter-element extension model. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis was performed to identify key risk criteria. The empirical results indicate the risk of the Qinghai–Tibet power grid interconnection project belongs to the “stronger” grade, tending to the “strongest” grade. “Social stability risk”, “altitude sickness seizure risk”, “permafrost-induced risk”, “severe weather-induced risk”, and “ecological destruction risk” are key sub-criteria, which should be paid more attention to when taking risk management measures. Finally, some countermeasures for key risks of the Qinghai–Tibet power grid interconnection project were given. The findings in this paper can provide references for engineering managers and related stakeholders.

Соотношение групповой, микрогрупповой и межличностной идентичности работников в производственных группах

The article represents the results of mathematical and statistical analysis of the links between the levels of the identity of employees (group, micro-group and interpersonal) by three components (cognitive, affective and behavioral) in 37 industrial groups with expertise in different fields. The significant linear relationship between micro-group and interpersonal identity (for all components), high linear relationship between group identity and micro-group identity (only for affective component) and the lack of linear relationship between the components of inter- personal and group identity are revealed. Higher influence of group identity on micro-group (for all components) and interpersonal identity (for cognitive and behavioral components) is found out in the totality of intercorrelation between group, micro-group and interpersonal identities. Non-linear relationship between group and micro-group identity for all components is revealed. This non-linear relation indicates that increase in expressiveness of one of the components of group iden- tity leads to decrease in expressiveness of the respective component of micro-group identity. This effect occurs until definite moment, after which, on the contrary, further reinforcement of the components of group identity leads to the increase in expressiveness of micro-group identity. These established consistent patterns are interpreted in the article.

Crowdsourcing approaches for knowledge organization systems: Crowd collaboration or crowd work?

ABSTRACTDevelopment of Internet technologies has empowered ordinary users to create, contribute, share and connect with other members of the community. As users learn to exploit the potential of networked communications, they participate in a process, which facilitates a shift from individual to collective contributions and introduces an opportunity for multi‐vocal and multi‐faceted representation of cultural heritage. Open access to crowdsourced collections requires reconsideration of the traditional authoritative approach of cultural heritage institutions. The arduous nature of the work rendered voluntarily in cultural heritage crowdsourcing initiatives calls for reconsideration of power relationships and giving power to devoted contributors supported by modern “intelligent” technology to regulate the process of representation and organization. Taking into consideration the fact that crowdsourced data are not without flaws, the question is how to better utilize the collective intelligence to create quality information. In this context, various issues such as power, control, trust, inter‐contributor consensus, heterogeneity of opinions will be raised and discussed by the panelists. Each of the panelists comes from a different field of expertise (Computer science, Information science, Economics, Communication studies, cultural heritage) and various cultural backgrounds and geographical locations (United States, Europe and Israel). This diversity will be reflected in the presented perspectives on the crowdsourcing topic.

Fuzzy hybrid MCDM approach for selection of wind turbine service technicians

Article history: Received August 28, 2015 Received in revised format November 28, 2015 Accepted December 6, 2015 Available online December 10, 2015 This research paper is aimed to present a fuzzy Hybrid Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methodology for selecting employees. The present study aspires to present the hybrid approach of Fuzzy multiple MCDM techniques with tactical viewpoint to support the recruitment process of wind turbine service technicians. The methodology is based on the application of Fuzzy ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment) and Fuzzy MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on basis of Ratio Analysis) which are integrated through group decision making (GDM) method in the model for selection of wind turbine service technicians’ ranking. Here a group of experts from different fields of expertise are engaged to finalize the decision. Series of tests are conducted regarding physical fitness, technical written test, practical test along with general interview and medical examination to facilitate the final selection using the above techniques. In contrast to single decision making approaches, the proposed group decision making model efficiently supports the wind turbine service technicians ranking process. The effectiveness of the proposed approach manifest from the case study of service technicians required for the maintenance department of wind power plant using Fuzzy ARAS and Fuzzy MOORA. This set of potential technicians is evaluated based on five main criteria. © 2016 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Linking Use Stage Life Cycle Inventories with Product Design Models of Usage

Usage can have a significant environmental impact on the product life cycle. A precise evaluation and understanding of this impact during design is crucial to support early and adapted feedbacks to design experts to encourage the eco-design practice. Information on usage is spread across different field of expertise, and involves explicit and tacit knowledge. This research aims at improving the link between the available usage information, and the environmental expert's explicit knowledge on usage. A five steps method is proposed and exemplified in this paper to formalize this link. The paper finally raises the question of how to deal with conflicting usage information during design in industry.

TTR amyloidosis: a scientific journey since Andrade

Mario Corino de Andrade described in 1952 in the journal “Brain” the first form of an hereditary amyloidosis, Famlial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy, FAP - affecting the peripheral nervous system, also known as Andrade´s disease. In 1939 Andrade observed different patients complaining of loss of sensitivity to temperature and pain. These symptoms affected other families in the area, namely fisherman who complained of loss of sensitivity in their feet when touching the ropes of their small fishing boats. Andrade with the extraordinary intuition that all collaborators admired, realized the clinical symptoms deviated from what he had seen until then. Andrade suspected he was in the presence of a rare hereditary disease. To understand in depth what he considered new, he asked the collaboration of experts in different fields, like genetics, pathology, confirming the genetic nature of the disease and the presence of systemic amyloid deposits, particularly in the peripheral nervous system. Since this seminal work, the explosion of molecular biology tools gave us today perspectives for therapies. Some of the concepts and hypotheses put forward then with basic equipment and techniques available in the last century evolved tremendously giving us molecular and cellular in-depth knowledge; Andrade´s vision is still updated but need urgent clarification if we want to move towards urgent efficiency therapies of the disease. This lecture will exemplify one case where we still stand behind a black box despite access to modern know-how.

Unifying the Common Concepts Shared by Neurodegenerative Diseases

are the results of common underlying pathways or only similar symptoms or phenotypes. These needs collaborations between experts in different fields including the concerned NDs and always study each neurodegenerative disease within the context of the common features shared between more than a neurodegenerative disease and complete the data by cell culture studies results [4], pharmacology [5-10] and toxicology [11,12] to reach the final goal which is identify efficient therapies.

Subacute Tissue Response to 3D Graphene Oxide Scaffolds Implanted in the Injured Rat Spinal Cord.

The increasing prevalence and high sanitary costs of lesions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) at the spinal cord are encouraging experts in different fields to explore new avenues for neural repair. In this context, graphene and its derivatives are attracting significant attention, although their toxicity and performance in the CNS in vivo remains unclear. Here, the subacute tissue response to 3D flexible and porous scaffolds composed of partially reduced graphene oxide is investigated when implanted in the injured rat spinal cord. The interest of these structures as potentially useful platforms for CNS regeneration mainly relies on their mechanical compliance with neural tissues, adequate biocompatibility with neural cells in vitro and versatility to carry topographical and biological guidance cues. Early tissue responses are thoroughly investigated locally (spinal cord at C6 level) and in the major organs (i.e., kidney, liver, lung, and spleen). The absence of local and systemic toxic responses, along with the positive signs found at the lesion site (e.g., filler effect, soft interface for no additional scaring, preservation of cell populations at the perilesional area, presence of M2 macrophages), encourages further investigation of these materials as promising components of more efficient material-based platforms for CNS repair.

Bodies in Formation: An Ethnography of Anatomy and Surgery Education by Rachel Prentice (review)

Reviewed by: Bodies in Formation: An Ethnography of Anatomy and Surgery Education by Rachel Prentice Delia Gavrus Rachel Prentice. Bodies in Formation: An Ethnography of Anatomy and Surgery Education. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2013. xi + 295 pp. $24.95 (978-0-8223-5157-3). Over the past few decades, an analytic focus on the body and on embodiment has produced exciting scholarship in the humanities and social sciences. For historians, sociologists, and anthropologists of medicine, this literature has often taken the form of an exploration of the meanings, construction, and treatment of the patient’s body. Less common has been an examination of the embodied practices that, in the course of medical education, turn the layperson into a physician. Rachel Prentice’s outstanding book Bodies in Formation is a much-needed addition to this scholarship. Drawing from vividly recounted encounters with surgeons and surgeons in training at four academic medical centers in the United States and Canada, the author explores some of the ways in which medical students, residents, and fellows learn to discipline and transform their bodies and their selves in order to acquire the skills and the abilities that contemporary surgery requires of them. This ethnography is divided into three sections, each corresponding to a different professional setting: the anatomical laboratory, the surgical theater, and the technology design laboratory. Within these distinctive physical spaces, the author [End Page 364] highlights the impact that technological innovation has on surgical practice and the medical self. The first section explores dissection as one of the first steps in a future physician’s emotional engagement with the patient. The cadaver, the author argues, possesses an ontological duality: it can be objectified as a “thing,” but it can also be used to “activate the person” that it once was. This duality, which evidently doesn’t exist in the case of the virtual or digital models sometimes employed in anatomical and surgical training, is essential for medical education. The crafting of a physician clearly involves not only the teaching of specific knowledge and techniques, but also what Prentice calls “the development of a medical stance toward patients” (p. 65), which is predicated upon affective engagement. Although the author believes in the importance of cadaver dissection for the development of a medical sensibility and although she notes with regret the recent cuts this training has suffered in the curriculum, the book is not a polemic. Prentice takes a measured and nuanced approach, outlining at length the complexity inherent in different methods of training. For instance, the development of a simulator for minimally invasive gynecological surgery is a marvel of technical but also social intricacy, requiring the collective work of experts in different fields. Nevertheless, the author argues, surgical and anatomical performances have dimensions that simulations cannot replicate, taking place as they do in a different cultural milieu. Digital tools necessarily change practice—for example the digital patient can be “killed” and then “reset”—and thus raise ethical questions in a profession in which training to do no harm has been a historically important pedagogical principle. Perhaps the richest part of the book is the middle section, which focuses on the changes—in affect, perception, judgment, bodily habits—that surgical residents undergo in their training. Prentice shows how surgical education remakes the self—first the trainee experiences a defamiliarization with her own body as she learns the various steps that are taken in the operating room and the social relationships between the members of the team. Various procedures and techniques become bodily practices and habits that, when integrated with judgment and knowledge, create the elusive “surgical skill.” While anchoring the discussion in concrete and fascinating examples, the author constructs a theoretical framework for understanding the surgeon’s work and the values (foremost among them the value of control) that define it at the present time. Prentice argues persuasively for the central role that emotion plays in the development of clinical judgment, and she lays out a case for the fashioning of the surgical self as being, fundamentally, a process of embodiment. Historians of medicine will be gratified to see the occasional foray into the history of medicine literature to offer, for example, a deeper...

Apple Variety Assessment with Analytical Hierarchy Process

Selection of a proper cultivar is one of the most important management decisions when investing into apple orchard. This paper presents a methodology for evaluation of suitability for cultivation of some apple cultivars by using a multi-criteria model based on analytical hierarchy process. The software tool Expert Choice was used to support growers in making decisions about which new apple cultivar to grow. The model was applied to 13 cultivars with data derived from questionnaires completed by group of experts of different fields (orchardists, experts for fruit production economics and fruit marketing, cultivar breeders, experts of state service and commission for introduction of new cultivars, experts for fruit storage and fruit quality assessment, plant protection and fruit growing advisers). The results are shown as priority for individual cultivar. The potential of the model for assessing apple cultivar is demonstrated with the aim of providing a comprehensive explanation and justification of the assessment technique. It also indicates strong and weak points (in market potential, fruit estimation, production demands and tree estimation) of each assessed cultivar.

Knowledge Cooperation Diversification Strategy for Tourism Scholar Creativity: The Moderating Role of Tie Strength

This study proposes a novel theoretical framework for studying different perspectives on knowledge diversity and creativity, including both the benefits and costs of knowledge searching across different fields of expertise. Data on 1,340 tourism scholars over 31 years show a consistent horizontal S-shaped relationship between knowledge diversity and creativity. Furthermore, tourism scholars who invested more effort in maintaining good relationships with partners, such as through network ties, achieved greater profitability gains from cooperation diversification strategies and scholar creativity. Our framework and findings highlight the complexity and temporal dynamics among tourism cooperation networks.

An integrated framework for effective safety management evaluation: Application of an improved grey clustering measurement

Safety evaluation is an important and challenging issue in many industries and is also a key component of risk management. Various evaluation methods have been proposed to make safety evaluation more consistent and objective. However, a major concern is that many existing safety evaluation measurements are still subjective and are not easy to obtain in a uniform way. This paper aims to develop a framework suitable for evaluating the safety performance at organizational or project levels in a comprehensive way that may be expected to reflect all risk assessment aspects and make best use of professional talent and experiences from different evaluators. In this paper, a structural evaluation logic is proposed, based on an improved grey clustering method. First, a grey clustering-based indicator system is developed to avoid the arbitrary selection of indicators. Then, a novel interval-grey-number reciprocal-judgment-matrix based AHP (GRAHP) is proposed that extends the classical analytic hierarchy process to deal with the possible contradictory opinions from experts in different fields as well as the standardization problem of collected independent and uncertain data in evaluation. Additionally, the transformation and optimization method of the new proposed grey hierarchy analysis model are given. Finally, an improved grey variable weight clustering evaluation model is built based on the above described methods. We illustrate the practical implementation of the proposed methods using actual aviation data from China. The results show that the proposed framework and methods have good ability in safety evaluation for large and complex engineering projects.

The art and science of delegation

This article focuses on delegation and what this means for the support worker in their everyday practice. Support workers are now performing roles and tasks which even just a few years ago would have been unheard of. They are working in a wide range of clinical environments and liaising and working alongside professionals from different fields of expertise. Having work and tasks delegated to you, as well as delegating to others, is a major part of the support worker's role; understanding how and when this should be done is key to successful delivery of quality care.

New perspectives in offshore wind energy.

The design of offshore wind turbines is one of the most fascinating challenges in renewable energy. Meeting the objective of increasing power production with reduced installation and maintenance costs requires a multi-disciplinary approach, bringing together expertise in different fields of engineering. The purpose of this theme issue is to offer a broad perspective on some crucial aspects of offshore wind turbines design, discussing the state of the art and presenting recent theoretical and experimental studies.

Animal allergens: common protein characteristics featuring their allergenicity.

Animal allergens: common protein characteristics featuring their allergenicity.

Developing performance indicators for clinical governance in dimensions of risk management and clinical effectiveness.

This study has been designed and conducted to develop domestic indicators for evaluating the performance of clinical governance in dimensions of risk management and clinical effectiveness. This study implemented a 5-stage process including conducting a comprehensive literature review, expert panel (∼ 1000 h per person per session, 11 experts), semi-structured interviews, a 2-round Delphi study (33 experts were in attendance) and a final expert panel (8 experts were in attendance). East Azerbaijan-Iran Province. Fifty-six specialists and experts in different fields of medical sciences. Importance and applicability of indicators. Using a thorough literature review, 361 indicators (129 risk management indicators in 4 dimensions and 232 clinical effectiveness indicators in 18 dimensions) were found. After conducting expert panels and interviews, the number of indicators decreased to 168 cases (65 risk management indicators in 4 dimensions and 103 clinical effectiveness indicators in 12 dimensions). Two rounds of Delphi identified four indicators that were omitted. The members of the final expert panel agreed on 113 indicators (43 risk management indicators in 4 dimensions and 70 clinical effectiveness indicators in 11 dimensions). In this study, indicators for assessing clinical governance in domains of risk management and clinical effectiveness were designed that can be used by policy-makers and other authorities for improving the quality of services and evaluating the performance of clinical governance. Those indicators can be used with slight modifications in other countries having healthcare systems similar to that of Iran.

Creating the History of University. Review of the book: Vishlenkova Y., Savelyeva I. (eds) (2013) The Social Class of Russian Professors. Architects of Statuses and Implications.

A lot of potential is held by classifying university research as an individual discipline. Its evolvement is now progressing through conceptualizing the subject field and testing various disciplinary approaches towards describing the university as a heterogeneous object. The reviewed multi-authored monograph serves an example of how efforts of experts in different fields can be efficiently integrated to study the range of problems associated with university existence and transformation. The monograph includes a number of original authors’ theories that may help define the unique features of the new disciplinary field. The articles contained in the monograph refer to the critical oeuvres and ideas that provided for the tools required for present-day einterpretation of the notion of university; the authors unveil the paradoxes of “the great historical narrative” that come to surface when traditions of the past are revised for the sake of the present; the monograph also investigates into the issue of discursive nature of historical sources and narratives created on their basis.

Modeling Methods Development for Routine Data based Screening Evaluation: Decision Making for Organized Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening

Screening technologies are under discussion in many health care systems of industrialized countries. Besides cancer screening a growing list of other health problems are getting in focus.This work presents a dynamic simulation based decision support for the evaluation of organized screening interventions concerning patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).The interdisciplinary subject required the collaboration of experts in different fields, which were medical doctors, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) experts and modelers. The here presented modular model structure was constructed in such a flexible way that it allows adaptation on screening research questions for similar diseases. Another focus of the work was integration of risk factors and how this boundaries and restrictions influence the choice of modeling methods to use, fitting the real world structure using a parameterize able implementation. This is especially because of the steadily increasing knowledge about treatment or improved treatment of AAA which could cause the necessity of a periodic evaluation.By inclusion of several patient specific properties, the model does not only provide comparison of current state which are incidental findings as well as unorganized screening with organized screening of definied age groups, but also the elaboration of alterations of population characteristics, for incidence changing in smoking behavior, and its consequences on AAA cases. The development of the modular model structure was started during the IFEDH cooperation project, and is actually refined in DEXHELPP, where special focus is on the population module.

A formação de Licenciados em Ciências Agrícolas/Agrárias: o conhecimento e suas conexões

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644413683Este trabalho visa identificar os perfis de formação dos licenciados de Ciências Agrícolas/Agrárias e os objetivos dos cursos que formam estes profissionais no Brasil. Neste estudo exploratório, os dados foram coletados através da Internet no site do MEC e das Instituições de Ensino Superior. O perfil geralmente proposto na formação do professor em Ciências Agrícolas/Agrícolas é amplo, com atuação em diferentes campos das Ciências Agrárias com finalidades econômicas, mas com atenção às questões sócio-políticas e culturais presentes no meio rural brasileiro. Percebe-se a intenção de formar licenciados que atendam alguns aspectos ou demandas regionais e que estejam preparados para as questões da atualidade. Destaca-se a preocupação com o desenvolvimento de algumas competências importantes na formação do profissional que irá atuar na educação escolar.