Expert Search Research Articles

School Librarian's Role Redefined

School librarian plays the role of a resource advisor, literature search expert, life coach, etc, Apart from maintaining an efficient collection and providing effective information services, the librarian contributes significantly to students’ holistic development. This paper shares the experiences of a librarian who had the opportunity to teach life skills in her school. Simple strategies were employed using literature as a tool which helped in building a bridge between students and resources. Success stories of a few students using library programs have been listed. The approach to deal with students emotional issues using the concept of bilbiotherapy which has been justified on the lines of Ranganathan’s laws of library science, has been discussed. Librarian’s efforts to instil in them the essential life skills needed to traverse the journey called life are outlined.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENCARIAN KERUSAKAN SEPEDA MOTOR SISTEM ELECTRONIC FUEL IGNATION (EFI)

Have researched a sistym information about malfunction problems sitem search motor cycle which the device uses advanced methods of reasoning in expert systems . Troubelshooting on motor cycle generally used manually, by determining the symptoms theoretically derived from the experiences so that a technician and student / student often neglected problem finding time and accuracy in solving the problems of motor cycle with EFI sistem repair problems .The method used is the observation on trouble shooting to EFI sensor sistem and collect data from any symptoms of damage to television later in the evaluation of the raw data is entered into a database to an expert system by utilizing visual basic programming .The results will produce a search expert software system that can damage on EFI sensor sparepart can help the technicians and users of the motor cycle itself to recognize and deal damage that occurs EFI component sistem .

The cognitive and perceptual processes that affect observer performance in lung cancer detection: a scoping review.

IntroductionEarly detection of malignant pulmonary nodules through screening has been shown to reduce lung cancer‐related mortality by 20%. However, perceptual and cognitive factors that affect nodule detection are poorly understood. This review examines the cognitive and visual processes of various observers, with a particular focus on radiologists, during lung nodule detection.MethodsFour databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus and PubMed) were searched to extract studies on eye‐tracking in pulmonary nodule detection. Studies were included if they used eye‐tracking to assess the search and detection of lung nodules in computed tomography or 2D radiographic imaging. Data were charted according to identified themes and synthesised using a thematic narrative approach.ResultsThe literature search yielded 25 articles and five themes were discovered: 1 – functional visual field and satisfaction of search, 2 – expert search patterns, 3 – error classification through dwell time, 4 – the impact of the viewing environment and 5 – the effect of prevalence expectation on search. Functional visual field reduced to 2.7° in 3D imaging compared to 5° in 2D radiographs. Although greater visual coverage improved nodule detection, incomplete search was not responsible for missed nodules. Most radiological errors during lung nodule detection were decision‐making errors (30%–45%). Dwell times associated with false‐positive (FP) decisions informed feedback systems to improve diagnosis. Interruptions did not influence diagnostic performance; however, it increased viewing time by 8% and produced a 23.1% search continuation accuracy. Comparative scanning was found to increase the detection of low contrast nodules. Prevalence expectation did not directly affect diagnostic accuracy; however, decision‐making time increased by 2.32 seconds with high prevalence expectations.ConclusionVisual and cognitive factors influence pulmonary nodule detection. Insights gained from eye‐tracking can inform advancements in lung screening. Further exploration of eye‐tracking in lung screening, particularly with low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT), will benefit the future of lung cancer screening.

Network-Biased Technical Change: How Modern Digital Collaboration Tools Overcome Some Biases but Exacerbate Others

Using three years’ data from more than 1,000 employees at a large professional services firm, we find that adopting an expertise search tool improves employee work performance in billable revenue, which results from improvements in network connections and information diversity. More importantly, we also find that adoption does not benefit all employees equally. Two types of employees benefit more from adoption of digital collaboration tools than others. First, junior employees and women benefit more from the adoption of digital collaboration tools than do senior employees and men, respectively. These tools help employees overcome the institutional barriers to resource access faced by these employees in their searches for expertise. Second, employees with greater social capital at the time of adoption also benefit more than others. The tools eliminate natural barriers associated with traditional offline interpersonal networks, enabling employees to network even more strategically than before. We explore the mechanisms for these differential benefits. Digital collaboration tools increase the volume of communication more for junior employees and women, indicating greater access to knowledge and expertise than they had before adoption. The tools also decrease the volume of communication for people with greater social capital, indicating more efficient access to knowledge and expertise. An important implication of our findings is that digital collaboration tools have the potential to overcome some of the demographic institutional biases that organizations have long sought to change. It does so, however, at the expense of potentially creating new biases toward network-based features—a characteristic we call “network-biased technical change.”

Design and implementation of an academic expert system through big data analysis

Most researchers establish research directions in their study of new fields by providing expert advice or publishing expert papers. The existing academic search services display papers by field but do not provide experts by field. Therefore, researchers are left to judge experts in each field by analyzing the papers for themselves. In this paper, we design and implement an expert search system based on papers that have been published in the academic societies. The academic expert search system is based on a big data processing system to handle a large amount of data in academic fields. It calculates an expert score using quality and influence factors. The quality factor is calculated based on the citations, impact factor, and recentness of a paper. The influence factor is measured by the sparsity of a field and the degree of contributiveness of an author. The proposed system provides various services such as expert searches, keyword searches, the hot topics, expert relationships, and academic society statistics. By finding experts in a specific field, our system can support researchers’ research activities.

Проблемы злонамеренного использования искусственного интеллекта в контексте международной информационно-психологической безопасности на круглом столе в Дипломатической академии МИД РФ

The rapid development of technologies based on artificial intelligence, in addition to obvious economic and technological advantages, carries challenges and threats associated with the use of these technologies by antisocial actors for malicious purposes. One of the most important aspects of studying such threats is the analysis of their impact on the architecture of international information and psychological security. In the direction of preventing and countering the threats of the malicious use of artificial intelligence, great attention should be paid to the development of a socially oriented system of proactive technical, political and legal measures and mechanisms. Achievement of this goal is possible only with an expert search and development at the state level of admissible and effective scientifically based decisions to strengthen the system of national, and subsequently international security. This analytical review presents the main ideas, forecasts and solutions voiced by authoritative experts in the field of political, historical, economic, technical sciences at the round table at the Institute of Topical International Problems of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Using semantic enrichment methods in expert search system for recruitment process in IT corporation

The problem of intelligent information retrieval and semantic enrichment becomes more and more popular due to the difficulty of searching and analyzing large text datasets. The common approach assumes user manual queries in natural language. Various semantic enrichment methods and intelligent text searching allow obtaining more accurate results leading to broader knowledge and user satisfaction.This research presents state-of-the-art methods of searching with enrichment and building rankings of results for the expert recruitment process in IT industry. The proposed model implements full-text search, semantic enrichment, and machine learning to match experts with job offers. Different data sources on expert competencies were used, including curricula vitae, historical data, and Internet resources. The testing results confirm an improvement in the search quality compared to the existing systems in the recruitment company.

A comparison of automatic Boolean query formulation for systematic reviews

Systematic reviews are comprehensive literature reviews that target a highly focused research question. In the medical domain, complex Boolean queries are used to identify studies. To ensure comprehensiveness, all studies retrieved are screened for inclusion or exclusion in the review. Developing Boolean queries for this task requires the expertise of trained information specialists. However, even for these expert searchers, query formulation can be difficult and lengthy: especially when dealing with areas of medicine that they may not be knowledgeable about. To this end, two computational adaptations of methods information specialists use to formulate Boolean queries have been proposed in prior work. These adaptations can be used to assist information specialists by providing a good starting point for query development. However, a number of limitations with these computational methods have been raised, and a comparison between them has not been made. In this study, we address the limitations of previous work and evaluate the two. We found that, between the two computational adaptions, the objective method is more effective than the conceptual method for query formulation alone, however, the conceptual method provides a better starting point for manual query refinement. This work helps to inform those building search tools that assist with systematic review construction.

Building the Capacity of African Health Sciences Librarians in the Development and Conduct of Systematic Reviews

While African health sciences librarians’ role as expert searchers is widely recognized, they have much more to contribute to supporting the development and conduct of systematic reviews. Research evidence has indicated that the librarians rarely participate in the development and conduct of systematic reviews because they are either not called upon to be part, or do not have the skills to participate. Moreover, few librarians who have participated are from outside Africa. Keeping this in mind, the Network of African Medical Librarians (NAML) conducted a pre-AHILA Conference training workshop to introduce participants, specifically the librarians, to the systematic review process. The regional conference for health librarians took place in Ibadan, Nigeria from 14-18 October 2019. This paper evaluates the impact of training of African health sciences librarians in the conduct of systematic reviews. Participants' evaluation feedback was collected using pre and post-training surveys. A mixed-method was employed to gather and analyze both quantitative and qualitative data. The results indicated that the main barriers to librarians’ participation in systematic reviews were lack of skills due to insufficient training and lack of time. This paper is expected to encourage the librarians to advocate for further skills development, in addition to their normal information searching roles. Their participation in the systematic review process would make them, not just relevant but dependable collaborators of systematic review teams, as they participate in improving systematic review reporting.

Preparing the CDC Public Health Workforce for Emergency Response

Abstract A critical component of successful public health emergency responses is the availability of appropriate numbers of personnel with emergency response expertise. To achieve this, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) focused on strengthening training, personnel database systems, and responder outreach. To ensure availability of well-trained public health emergency responders, CDC and external partners coordinated training, planning, exercise, and evaluation activities; established the School of Preparedness and Emergency Response; and implemented Responder Training Tiers for response roles with defined functional competencies. For personnel information, CDC developed interoperable databases to streamline the search for specific staff expertise for a response. To improve responder outreach, CDC developed various mechanisms to efficiently identify and assign potential responders to responses. These measures work together to sustain a qualified workforce for public health emergencies, and may be helpful to other public health agencies for staffing and training of their response workforce.

American Archive of Public Broadcasting

The American Archive of Public Broadcasting (AAPB) features almost 40,000 hours of audio and video recordings produced among noncommercial broadcasting stations across the United States from the late 1940s to the 2010s. All 40,000 hours of broadcasts are accessible at WGBH in Boston and at the Library of Congress. A large portion of those hours—about 7,000 programs—is directly available via online streaming at no cost via <<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://americanarchive.org/">https://americanarchive.org/</ext-link>>. Data pertaining to the entire collection is also accessible via the website. AAPB offers a wealth of audio and video programs for teaching, scholarship, and entertainment in a user-friendly interface that makes browsing and searching AAPB relatively easy for novice and expert searchers.

Eye tracking for work-related visual search: a cognitive task analysis

Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) is an important methodology in ergonomics for studying workplaces and work patterns. Using eye tracking as a CTA methodology, this article explores visual search patterns in complex work environments and situations. It presents a simulated crime scene case study that applies eye tracking-based experiments in foraging and sense-making loops to elicit and represent knowledge on expert versus novice search patterns for complex work. The case probes the visual search task of preliminarily evaluating and documenting potential crime scene evidence. The experimental protocol relies on the ASL Mobile Eye and the analyses of experimental data include preliminary inspections of live-viewing data on eye-movements, precedence matrices detailing scan paths, and gaze charts that illustrate participants’ attention based on fixation counts and durations. In line with the CTA methodology, the article uses concept maps to represent knowledge derived from different phases of the study. The article also discusses the research implications and methodologically reflects on the case study. Practitioner summary: This study offers valuable insights for work design. The use of eye tracking as a CTA methodology offers potentials for translating visual search tasks into defined visual search concepts for complex work environments and situations. The ability to model visual attention is valuable for work designs that improve complex work performance, reduce work stress, and promote work satisfaction.

Review of: "Effective distributed representations for academic expert search"

Review of: "Effective distributed representations for academic expert search"

What can an echocardiographer see in briefly presented stimuli? Perceptual expertise in dynamic search

BackgroundExperts in medical image perception are able to detect abnormalities rapidly from medical images. This ability is likely due to enhanced pattern recognition on a global scale. However, the bulk of research in this domain has focused on static rather than dynamic images, so it remains unclear what level of information that can be extracted from these displays. This study was designed to examine the visual capabilities of echocardiographers—practitioners who provide information regarding cardiac integrity and functionality. In three experiments, echocardiographers and naïve participants completed an abnormality detection task that comprised movies presented on a range of durations, where half were abnormal. This was followed by an abnormality categorization task.ResultsAcross all durations, the results showed that performance was high for detection, but less so for categorization, indicating that categorization was a more challenging task. Not surprisingly, echocardiographers outperformed naïve participants.ConclusionsTogether, this suggests that echocardiographers have a finely tuned capability for cardiac dysfunction, and a great deal of visual information can be extracted during a global assessment, within a brief glance. No relationship was evident between experience and performance which suggests that other factors such as individual differences need to be considered for future studies.

Pupil diameter differentiates expertise in dental radiography visual search.

Expert behavior is characterized by rapid information processing abilities, dependent on more structured schemata in long-term memory designated for their domain-specific tasks. From this understanding, expertise can effectively reduce cognitive load on a domain-specific task. However, certain tasks could still evoke different gradations of load even for an expert, e.g., when having to detect subtle anomalies in dental radiographs. Our aim was to measure pupil diameter response to anomalies of varying levels of difficulty in expert and student dentists' visual examination of panoramic radiographs. We found that students' pupil diameter dilated significantly from baseline compared to experts, but anomaly difficulty had no effect on pupillary response. In contrast, experts' pupil diameter responded to varying levels of anomaly difficulty, where more difficult anomalies evoked greater pupil dilation from baseline. Experts thus showed proportional pupillary response indicative of increasing cognitive load with increasingly difficult anomalies, whereas students showed pupillary response indicative of higher cognitive load for all anomalies when compared to experts.

Blockchain technology adoption barriers in the Indian agricultural supply chain: an integrated approach

Recent outbreaks of food contamination scandals in India have resulted in increased concerns amongst consumers about food safety. Further, to tackle such circumstances, conformation to quality has become a must in Agriculture Supply Chain (ASC). Agro-stakeholders have tried to accomplish this demand through the integration of technology in ASC. One such technology is blockchain, which is still in its infancy in terms of adoption in India. Fueled by this motivation, we aim to investigate the significant barriers for blockchain adoption in Indian ASC. The constructs are identified through a comprehensive literature search and opinion of domain experts from five agro-organizations, academia, and agro-stakeholders. Further identified construct is modeled using an integrated ISM-DEMATEL approach, which not only interrogates interrelationship amongst identified constructs but also evaluates the intensity of the relationship between them. The identified constructs are also clustered into a suitable group using Fuzzy-MICMAC. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is also performed to check the robustness of the proposed model. The results reveal that “lack of government regulation and lack of trust among agro-stakeholder to use blockchain” are significant adoption barriers of blockchain in Indian ASC. Moreover, the managerial implication about the results is also provided, which will be useful to government and related agencies to take suitable measures to overcome these obstacles for increasing the rate of blockchain adoption in Indian ASC.

Cord Blood Unit (CBU) search and distribution to Transplant Centers (TC): real-life experience from the National Cord Blood Program (NCBP)

Background & Aim One of the most important attributes of cord blood is the prompt availability of high quality cell therapy products for clinical use. To achieve this, the NCBP has implemented a strong infrastructure supporting CBU search, selection, review and release. The key components include: - Fully integrated IT system for running searches in real-time, generating reports, receiving/sharing results and documents - Streamlined procedures for management of search requests - Expert review and search flexibility - Verification of product quality - Timely CBU release to TC - Expertise in regulatory requirements and shipment logistics Methods, Results & Conclusion We describe our recent clinical activity (period: 04/2016-12/2019) following this strategy. Our dedicated website, WebSearch, is used for CBU reservations directly by TC or requests received via registries (National Marrow Donor Program [NMDP] or International Registries). During the study period, 3943 CBU were reserved for 2831 patients from 153 TC. All reservations trigger full review of CBU information as well as confirmatory HLA typing (CT), effectively preparing the reserved CBU for shipment. Each patient's search is reviewed by a medical and an HLA expert within 48 hours to identify the best CBU and share recommendations with the TC. Further, the system is flexible, allowing “customized” searches that include TC's own selection criteria such as high CD34 counts, HLA requirements (allele level matching, patient's anti-HLA antibodies, maternal HLA), eligibility, CBU storage time, and various clinical study specifications. High resolution CT results are obtained routinely within 6 business days. All units with available segments are evaluated for potency (CD34/CD45 counts and viability and CFU) at reservation and/or shipment. During this period, 514 CBU were shipped for 501 patients to 91 TC; 53% were facilitated by the NMDP and the remaining were direct shipments. 170 CBU went to 23 International TC in 20 countries. Average time between shipment request and shipment was 5 business days (Figure 1). TC's shipment schedule requirements were met in all cases. With over 60,000 CBU available, the NCBP Inventory holds almost 8% of the world's unrelated CBU, including 11,100 FDA licensed products (HEMACORD®). The flexibility and efficiency of the search and review procedures, as well as the fact that 10% of the CBU have CT already performed and are “ready to ship”, enable us to process routine or emergency shipment requests expeditiously.

Social Science Premium Collection

Social Science Premium Collection (SSPC) is a ProQuest platform subscription database and includes six social science subject area collections. Each collection consists of a full text database and at least one abstracting and indexing (A&I) databases. SSPC currently includes more than 25 million records, 11 million of which are full text. A substantial portion of the titles are scholarly and are international in scope. The search interface is intuitive and offers a variety of search methods helpful for the novice to expert searcher. The discipline-standard nature of the A&I databases such as Sociological Abstracts is the largest strength of the collection.

An ethnic genetics – case study of B&H: facts, fallacies and myths

The post-war period (1996 to presence) in the Western Balkans is colored by a kind of competition among (pseudo) scientists and self-proclaimed experts in search for the deepest roots of a particular ethnic group. General conclusions have been reached based of the distribution of a single or only few genetic markers, with no reference to the specific pheno-genotype system studied. The conclusions were all biased by earlier misconceptions and myths about the successive colonization of the Balkans and the inter-genetic relationships among regional populations. In this paper we elaborate methodology and limitations and misconceptions that arise from unsubstantiated use thereof.

Librarians as methodological peer reviewers for systematic reviews: results of an online survey

BackgroundDeveloping a comprehensive, reproducible literature search is the basis for a high-quality systematic review (SR). Librarians and information professionals, as expert searchers, can improve the quality of systematic review searches, methodology, and reporting. Likewise, journal editors and authors often seek to improve the quality of published SRs and other evidence syntheses through peer review. Health sciences librarians contribute to systematic review production but little is known about their involvement in peer reviewing SR manuscripts.MethodsThis survey aimed to assess how frequently librarians are asked to peer review systematic review manuscripts and to determine characteristics associated with those invited to review. The survey was distributed to a purposive sample through three health sciences information professional listservs.ResultsThere were 291 complete survey responses. Results indicated that 22% (n = 63) of respondents had been asked by journal editors to peer review systematic review or meta-analysis manuscripts. Of the 78% (n = 228) of respondents who had not already been asked, 54% (n = 122) would peer review, and 41% (n = 93) might peer review. Only 4% (n = 9) would not review a manuscript. Respondents had peer reviewed manuscripts for 38 unique journals and believed they were asked because of their professional expertise. Of respondents who had declined to peer review (32%, n = 20), the most common explanation was “not enough time” (60%, n = 12) followed by “lack of expertise” (50%, n = 10).The vast majority of respondents (95%, n = 40) had “rejected or recommended a revision of a manuscript| after peer review. They based their decision on the “search methodology” (57%, n = 36), “search write-up” (46%, n = 29), or “entire article” (54%, n = 34). Those who selected “other” (37%, n = 23) listed a variety of reasons for rejection, including problems or errors in the PRISMA flow diagram; tables of included, excluded, and ongoing studies; data extraction; reporting; and pooling methods.ConclusionsDespite being experts in conducting literature searches and supporting SR teams through the review process, few librarians have been asked to review SR manuscripts, or even just search strategies; yet many are willing to provide this service. Editors should involve experienced librarians with peer review and we suggest some strategies to consider.