Participation Of Experts Research Articles

Bird photos as trophies: Status signalling, reinforcement, and competition

Avitourism and avitourists are more frequently characterized by intense photography. Although discussions on wildlife photography are not new, few have explained the meanings behind photo-sharing. Drawing on the concept of photograph as trophy, we interviewed 26 Chinese avitourists across a wide specialisation spectrum. From casual to advanced avitourists, we found that the stories behind the photos, the particularity of species, and the sophistication of photography techniques are the defining qualities of trophy-like photos. Sharing such photos, like conservation photographs, indicates co-existence and amicable encounters with nature. These photos may be used to communicate high social status. The finer the photos were made, the stronger the implications that they are costly, pro-environmental, and produced with the assistance of power. Importantly, pro-environmentalism implicitly communicates a sense of altruism and cultural capital, which enables status signalling. Such photos can contribute to the reinforcement and competition of status, which thereby catalyses cheating and other deviant photography actions. Such deviance is reversely justified with the positive pro-environmental birder image. Excavating such multi-faceted meanings of bird photos may help explain bird photo-taking and sharing, and provide implications for involving birders in protected land management. Managerial implicationsStatus signalling can help manage birders communities. As deviance like baiting for photography is driven by the desire for status signalling, on-site regulations on bird photography tours are needed for the short run. In the long term, it is important to incorporate ethical guidelines in birding tour operations and promote compliance with the ethical code of conduct as a socially superior practice. Additionally, leveraging social status can be achieved by creating platforms for avitourists to showcase their photos and gain recognition. This may encourage the participation of knowledge experts who demand status signalling into anti-deviance promotion, environmental education, and protected land management.

Collaborative governance and personal relationships for sustainability transformation in the textile sector

This paper explores the potential for collaborative governance in the textile sector to act as a catalyst for sustainability transformation. The article originated from a 4-year research project examining a multi-stakeholder initiative (MSI), the German Partnership for Sustainable Textiles. It sheds light on the complex but interdependent connections between collaborative governance and personal relationships. While emphasising the role played by MSIs in creating important space for negotiating interests, it points towards the co-benefits of building relationships beyond stakeholder boundaries. Obstacles such as governance structures and the fragmentation of the governance landscape hinder opportunities for personal, political, and practical transformation. While highlighting the importance of private governance, it also stresses the role of state regulation in global economies, e.g. in the current debate on the EU Due Diligence Act. Finally, suggestions are made for designing governance spaces that support the development of social relationships while promoting transformation by ensuring the equal participation of stakeholders, employing learning and facilitation experts, and promoting joint decision-making processes.

2023 Undetectable = Untransmittable global policy roundtable report: a multistakeholder perspective on Undetectable = Untransmittable research and policy priorities.

Background Launched in 2016 by Prevention Access Campaign, the 'Undetectable=Untransmittable' (U=U) campaign empowers people living with HIV to live full social, sexual and reproductive lives, dismantle stigma, promote increased treatment access, and advocate for updated HIV guidelines. Methods Key priorities for promoting improvements to community-centred, evidence-informed U=U policy and research were the focus of a half-day global roundtable held in 2023 alongside the 12th International AIDS Society Conference in Brisbane, Australia. After a series of presentations, experts in U=U research, policymaking, advocacy and HIV clinical care participated in facilitated discussions, and detailed notes were taken on issues related to advancing U=U policy and research. Results Expert participants shared that knowledge and trust in U=U remains uneven, and is largely concentrated among people living with HIV, particularly those connected to gay and bisexual networks. It was agreed that there is a need to ensure all members of priority populations are explicitly included in U=U policies that promote U=U. Participants also identified a need for policymakers, healthcare professionals, advocates and researchers to work closely with community-based organisations to ensure the U=U message is relevant, useful, and utilised in the HIV response. Adopting language, such as 'zero risk', was identified as crucial when describing undetectable viral load as an effective HIV prevention strategy. Conclusion U=U can have significant benefits for the mental and physical wellbeing of people living with HIV. There is an urgent need to address the structural barriers to HIV care and treatment access to ensure the full benefits of U=U are realised.

Peran Analisis Teknikal dan Manajemen Risiko Syariah dalam Upaya Menghindari Spekulasi Investasi Emas

This study aims to determine whether technical analysis and Islamic risk management can avoid speculation in gold investment. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Methods of data collection using interviews, and documentation. Data collection is carried out to the regional leadership board of the Association of Digital Investment Trading Practitioners and expert participants. The results showed that the use of technical analysis and sharia risk management can prevent investors from speculating when investing in gold, in the form of price reading, price feasibility, risk control, capital adequacy and understanding of sharia principles in investment.

Content of a wound care mobile application for newly graduated nurses: an e-Delphi study

BackgroundWound care represents a considerable challenge, especially for newly graduated nurses. The development of a mobile application is envisioned to improve knowledge transfer and facilitate evidence-based practice. The aim of this study was to establish expert consensus on the initial content of the algorithm for a wound care mobile application for newly graduated nurses.MethodsExperts participated in online surveys conducted in three rounds. Twenty-nine expert wound care nurses participated in the first round, and 25 participated in the two subsequent rounds. The first round, which was qualitative, included a mandatory open-ended question solicitating suggestions for items to be included in the mobile application. The responses underwent content analysis. The subsequent two rounds were quantitative, with experts being asked to rate their level of agreement on a 5-point Likert scale. These rounds were carried out iteratively, allowing experts to review their responses and see anonymized results from the previous round. We calculated the weighted kappa to determine the individual stability of responses within-subjects between the quantitative rounds. A consensus threshold of 80% was predetermined.ResultsIn total, 80 items were divided into 6 categories based on the results of the first round. Of these, 75 (93.75%) achieved consensus during the two subsequent rounds. Notably, 5 items (6.25%) did not reach consensus. The items with the highest consensus related to the signs and symptoms of infection, pressure ulcers, and the essential elements for healing. Conversely, items such as toe pressure measurement, wounds around drains, and frostbite failed to achieve consensus.ConclusionsThe results of this study will inform the development of the initial content of the algorithm for a wound care mobile application. Expert participation and their insights on infection-related matters have the potential to support evidence-based wound care practice. Ongoing debates surround items without consensus. Finally, this study establishes expert wound care nurses’ perspectives on the competencies anticipated from newly graduated nurses.

Augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality: A pragmatic view from diffusion of innovation

This research offers a pragmatic view on the adoption of Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR) in designing the built environment. Participants from 20 U.S. states and beyond formed a non-probability sample representing small to mid-sized Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) firms. The author engaged 59 professional participants through a 26-question online questionnaire, informed by existing literature and reviewed by two industry experts. Three additional expert participants provided comprehensive insights via semi-structured interviews. Results highlight design visualization and client presentations as top AR, VR, and MR applications. Key benefits include improved design assessment, early error detection, and heightened client satisfaction. Design collaboration was less prominent than suggested by the literature. Notable challenges persist in first-time user adoption and cost factors of equipment and training. Thus, the cost-benefit balance drives the dominance of older, lower-end devices found in this study despite the availability of advanced, high-fidelity infrastructure.

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Traditional Chinese Version of the VISA-P Questionnaire.

The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) questionnaire is a widely accepted instrument for measuring the severity of symptoms and pain in patients having sustained patellar tendinopathy. To adapt the VISA-P questionnaire cross-culturally to a traditional Chinese version (VISA-P-Ch) and validate its psychometric properties. Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. The VISA-P questionnaire was adapted to a traditional Chinese version following international recommended guidelines, including translation, synthesis, back translation, revision by expert committee, pretesting, and validation. The psychometric properties were tested in 15 healthy controls and 15 participants with patellar tendinopathy. Face validity was judged by the authors and participants. Known-groups validity was tested by comparing the VISA-P-Ch scores between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants using an independent t test. Concurrent validity was determined by comparing the Blazina classification of the participants against VISA-P-Ch scores using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Test-retest reliability was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) following a 24- to 48-hour interval. Internal consistency was determined by the Cronbach alpha. The expert committee and participants reported good face validity of the VISA-P-Ch. Significantly higher scores were found in the control group than in the patellar tendinopathy group (98.47 ± 3.04 vs 65 ± 11.9; P < .001). Concurrent validity showed a high correlation between VISA-P-Ch and the Blazina classification system (r = -0.899; P < .01). The test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.964). Internal consistency was found to be good for both the first and second assessments (Cronbach α = 0.834 and 0.851). The VISA-P-Ch was proven to be a reliable and valid questionnaire with similar psychometric properties as the original VISA-P.

Combining real data and expert knowledge to build a Bayesian Network — Application to assess multiple risk factors for fall among elderly people

Building a prediction model based on both real data and expert knowledge can be challenging. We experienced this difficulty in our context of predicting fall risk factors in the elderly, where two sources of data were available: hand-reported information from medical consultations and expert information from human specialists. As is often the case, the real data were incomplete and imbalanced, and the participation of medical experts required the selection of a kind of model they can understand. This article describes the steps followed in the construction and evaluation of the model, structured as a new framework. The proposed model is a Bayesian network (BN) built from expert knowledge and learning from a real data set, guided by both the understandability of the BN graph and the performance of the model to predict risk factors. The resulting Bayesian network model includes 90 variables to evaluate 10 actionable target risk factors. It demonstrated its potential compared to other classifiers in terms of prediction performance, whilst offering a higher degree of interpretability.

Diagnosing an overcrowded emergency department from its Electronic Health Records

Emergency department overcrowding is a complex problem that persists globally. Data of visits constitute an opportunity to understand its dynamics. However, the gap between the collected information and the real-life clinical processes, and the lack of a whole-system perspective, still constitute a relevant limitation. An analytical pipeline was developed to analyse one-year of production data following the patients that came from the ED (n = 49,938) at Uppsala University Hospital (Uppsala, Sweden) by involving clinical experts in all the steps of the analysis. The key internal issues to the ED were the high volume of generic or non-specific diagnoses from non-urgent visits, and the delayed decision regarding hospital admission caused by several imaging assessments and lack of hospital beds. Furthermore, the external pressure of high frequent re-visits of geriatric, psychiatric, and patients with unspecified diagnoses dramatically contributed to the overcrowding. Our work demonstrates that through analysis of production data of the ED patient flow and participation of clinical experts in the pipeline, it was possible to identify systemic issues and directions for solutions. A critical factor was to take a whole systems perspective, as it opened the scope to the boundary effects of inflow and outflow in the whole healthcare system.

A Token Gesture: Non-Transferable NFTs, Digital Possessions and Ownership Design

This paper presents the design, deployment and qualitative study of a large-scale, public, generative art exhibition, through which passers-by could create artworks, and mint a non-fungible-token (NFT). Following the month-long exhibition, during which 229 anonymous participants produced artworks, 69 non-transferable NFTs were minted, we surveyed (33) and interviewed (14) expert and novice participants about their experiences. We explored contemporary challenges of owning digital things, and the extent to which NFTs, and 'Web3' technologies offer meaningful forms of ownership. Our findings describe how the inability to trade this NFT, and its unique circumstances of acquisition, made it meaningful in ways that extended beyond its immediate (limited) utility and offered participants something through which to construct identity. Reflecting on the aspirations, contradictions, and misconceptions of forms of ownership enabled by NFTs, we conclude with proposals for renewed attention in HCI to the nature of digital possessions, and the potential for 'ownership design'.

The Global Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Chapter: South West Asia and Africa Extracorporeal Life Support Organization in 2024

In early 2024, we can take a moment to acknowledge the journey we have been on in critical care, especially in the region that comprises Extracorporeal Life Support Organizations (ELSO’s) South West Asia and Africa Continent (SWAAC) Chapter. ELSO has been able to develop a global standard in foundational educational knowledge for adults. This is only possible with the participation of experts in every region. The process for developing this standard has now been published. ELSO is using this same process to develop the foundational knowledge for neonatal and pediatric education. We are grateful to many in the SWAACELSO region for your assistance in the development of a global standard in education and training. The SWAACELSO region has achieved so much in the recent past. Participation in all facets of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) and ELSO globally continues to advance how we work together and what is available for patients in communities everywhere. This region will continue to help lead in creating resiliency and innovation in the coming years. Personally, I am grateful for the dedication and commitment to improving life support that this region continues to advance.

Who is the Expert in Change? Exploring the Role of Therapists in Client Change Processes: A Systemic Therapy Case Study

ABSTRACT This case study focuses on the therapeutic change process, highlighting the crucial role of therapists in facilitating it. Rooted in constructivist epistemology, we employed an integrative systemic model. Our exploration centers on the presence or absence of system restructuring within the therapeutic process. We delve into the differing perceptions of change between the therapist and the client, particularly regarding the criteria for therapy discharge. A significant aspect of our analysis is the discussion on the authenticity of change. We examine the dual role of therapists as expert observers and participants in the therapy, navigating between “objective” and subjective perspectives in their interventions. This includes assessing various levels of change, first and second order. We highlight the client’s autonomy in defining the reality and authenticity of change, advocating for a balance between the therapist’s guidance and the client’s agency. Additionally, we emphasize the therapist’s need for self-reflection and adherence to ethical practices. Our study contributes to systemic therapy literature by demonstrating the effective application of an integrative approach. It reinforces the importance of collaboration in therapeutic change, offering insights into how therapists can navigate complex therapeutic dynamics.

Space For Children: improving mastery and reducing negative emotions about COVID-19 in youth via mobile interactive storytelling.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a complex event for children and adolescents, significantly impacting their daily activities. In this scenario, our study aims at verifying if "Space for Children," an ad-hoc developed game based on interactive storytelling about the pandemic, can increase mastery and reduces negative emotions about COVID-19. The app Space for Children has been sponsored and spread online by email and social media platforms for a limited time period (from May 2021 to January 2022). Before and after the interactive storytelling, participants answered two questionnaires containing a couple of critical questions regarding their emotional state and their perceived mastery about COVID-19. Two hundred thirty-six participants (M=116; F=120) between 7 and 12 years old completed the Space for Children interactive experience. Our results show a significant effect of the game experience on emotional state and perceived mastery regarding COVID-19. Indeed, before the interactive storytelling unpleasant emotional states prevail (reported by 77% of participants) while after the game a clear prevalence of pleasant emotions emerges (reported by 68% of participants). Regarding perceived mastery, results show that self-reported very expert participants passed from 49% to 88%. All the results hold irrespective of age group and sex. This study presents preliminary findings that highlight the potential benefits of utilizing new technologies based on Interactive Storytelling for Children to effectively convey age-appropriate information about complex real-life events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, while also mitigating associated negative emotional responses.

Knowledge and attitudes of Polish prosecutors and general Polish population in regard to post-mortem computed tomography in 2019.

This publication reveals the origins of forensic psychiatry in tsarist Russia during a selected historical period. The article reveals the first forensic and medical examinations of the mental state of defendants, as well as the first major legal regulations in this area. The issue of the participation of a medical expert (usually physicians) as an expert witness in court proceedings in the examination of the mental state is discussed from legal and historical, as well as historical and medical aspects.

The promises and pitfalls of disaster aid platforms: a case study of Lebanon’s 3RF

PurposeUsing critical disaster studies and state theory, we assess the disaster aid platform named Lebanon Reconstruction, Reform and Recovery Framework (3RF) that was put in place by international donors in the aftermath of the Beirut Port Blast in August 2020, in order to examine the effectiveness of its inclusive decision-making architecture, as well as its institutional building and legislative reform efforts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the case study approaach and relies on two original data sets compiled by authors, using desk reviews of academic literature and secondary data, in addition to 24 semi-structured expert interviews and participant observation for two years.FindingsThe aid platform appears innovative, participatory and effectively functioning toward recovery and reform. However, in practice, the government dismisses CSOs, undermines reforms and dodges state building, whereas the 3RF is structured in incoherent ways and operates according to conflicting logics, generating inertia and pitfalls that hinder effective participatory governance, prevent institutional building, and delay the making of projects.Research limitations/implicationsThe research contributes to critical scholarship as it addresses an important research gap concerning disaster aid platforms’ institutional design and governance that are under-studied in critical disaster studies and political studies. It also highlights the need for critical disaster studies to engage with state theory and vice-versa.Practical implicationsThe research contributes to evaluations of disaster recovery processes and outcomes. It highlights the limits of disaster aid platforms’ claims for participatory decision-making, institutional-building and reforms.Originality/valueThe paper amplifies critical disaster studies, through the reflexive analysis of a case-study of an aid platform.

Regimes of participation: theorising participatory archives from the outset of archivists' views on archival institutions and user participation in Scandinavia

Introduction: In spite of the prominence of the notion of participatory archives, there is no consensus of what participation entails in archival contexts and a lack of theory to explain the mechanisms underpinning the diversity of views. Method: Norwegian and Swedish archivists were surveyed as a part of the international ALMPUB research project for their views on user participation and how these views relate to their understanding of the role and the raison d’être of archives and archival institutions. The survey findings were used as a basis for theory development. Analysis: The data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis and descriptive statistics. The results of the factor analysis theorised as subject positions relating to views pertaining to archival participation and the societal role of archival institutions. Results: The analysis shows that the professionals’ perceptions of the rationale and impact of participation and the societal role of archives and archival institutions forms clusters were interpreted as relating to regimes of participation. Conclusions: Drawing on the theorising of Boltanski and Thévenot, the alignments of the perceptions to archives’ raisons d’être and archival participation are explained in terms of four regimes of participation: 1) participation as an intrinsically valuable activity; 2) participation as a complement to professional work in the records continuum; 3) professional work as an auxiliary activity to participation of experts; and 4) participation as a means of producing additional value for archival institutions, i.e., arrangements of framing the justification and value of participation in, with and for archival institutions. It is, however, possible to imagine additional regimes that correspond with the social worlds of Boltanski and Thévenot not represented by them, including the inspired (participation as a source of inspiration) and domestic worlds (domiciliary participation), and the world by project (participatory project). The study suggests that inquiring into the justifications and regimes of worth attached to participation helps to refute simplistic assumptions of what participation entails and recognise the variety of participatory engagements and their diverging implications for different types of archival institutions and their diverse stakeholders.

Effects of golf instructors' professional certification levels on amateur golfers' perception of instructor expertise, instructor credibility, and lesson participation intention: testing placebo and nocebo effects.

This study investigated the differences in amateur golfers' perceptions of instructor expertise, instructor credibility, and lesson participation intention depending on the golf instructor's certification level to investigate whether placebo and nocebo effects exist depending on the certification level. Accordingly, the study analyzed 153 amateur golfers with at least 1 year of playing experience, and the results were as follows: First, there was a difference in the perception of instructor expertise among amateur golfers depending on the golf instructor's certification level. Specifically, there were significant differences in perceived performance and teaching skills but no differences in personality and emphasis on basic principles. Second, the participants reported significant differences in their perceptions of instructor credibility depending on the instructor's certification level. Instructor credibility of the tournament professional group was the highest, whereas that of the amateur group was the lowest. Third, the results showed differences in lesson participation intention among amateur golfers depending on the instructor's certification level. Lesson participation intention was higher for semi-professional and tournament professional instructors than for amateur instructors. These results verified the presence of psychological biases, such as placebo/nocebo effects, that result in differences in the perception of instructor expertise, instructor credibility, and lesson participation intention depending on the certification level of instructors. Additionally, based on the data obtained from this study, further research is required to improve the performance of golf instructors and create an efficient teaching environment.

The practice of interaction between civil society institutions and the authorities on the consideration of citizens' appeals in the Russian Federation

The object of the study is the interaction of public authorities and civil structures. The subject of the study is the practice of interaction in the process of considering citizens' appeals by public authorities and civil society institutions. The author substantiates the importance of interaction between public authorities and public organizations in the process of considering citizens' appeals. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the federal laws regulating the process of reviewing citizens' appeals, there are no rules for the participation of civil society institutions in joint consideration of citizens' appeals with public authorities. The author suggests ways to improve the mechanisms of interaction between public authorities and civil society in order to effectively meet the needs of citizens and ensure their rights and legitimate interests, and the development of the country. The research methods are institutional analysis, analysis of documents related to citizens' appeals and identification of reactions to them from authorities and public organizations, comparative analysis of the practice of considering appeals, logical method, generalization method, monitoring. The scientific novelty of the study is the generalization of the practices of joint consideration of citizens' appeals by civil society institutions and public authorities and the justification of rational mechanisms to increase the effectiveness of this activity. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the facts that the joint consideration of citizens' appeals is one of the ways of interaction between public authorities and civil society. Joint consideration of appeals provides for the participation of non-profit organizations, experts and volunteers in the discussion of complaints, applications and proposals of citizens. This allows for a more objective assessment of difficult situations among citizens and contributes to making the right decisions. Such interaction makes it possible to increase the level of trust in the state.The main contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the addition of a database on effective practices of interaction between civil society and government.

Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Perencanaan Pembangunan Di Kampung Trikora Distrik Benawa Kabupaten Yalimo.

This research is entitled Community Participation in Development Planning in Trikora Village, Benawa District, Yalimo Regency. Community participation in Trikora Village, Benawa District, Regency is still very lacking. Because if you look at the level of participation such as thoughts, skills, goods and money, it is still very lacking, but participation in terms of community energy is very enthusiastic. Apart from that, the main factors that influence the level of community participation are age level, length of stay, intensity of interaction and type of leadership.The results of this research are that there are five levels of community participation in village development, namely thought, energy, expertise, goods and money. The participation that can be carried out by the community is participation in terms of thinking, because in other matters the people of Trikora village are still very limited in their abilities. There are two factors that influence the level of community participation in development in Trikora Village, namely internal and external which are described by age level, length of stay, intensity of interaction, and type of leadership. The age level of the community in Trikora village greatly influences the low level of participation, the length of stay is also very influential because it is directly related to the community's emotional ties to where they live. The intensity of interaction also influences low participation in Trikora village and the level of autocratic leadership makes people reluctant to participate in developing Trikora village.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Automated peripancreatic vessel segmentation and labeling based on iterative trunk growth and weakly supervised mechanism

Peripancreatic vessel segmentation and anatomical labeling are pivotal aspects in aiding surgical planning and prognosis for patients with pancreatic tumors. Nevertheless, prevailing techniques often fall short in achieving satisfactory segmentation performance for the peripancreatic vein (PPV), leading to predictions characterized by poor integrity and connectivity. Besides, unsupervised labeling algorithms usually cannot deal with complex anatomical variation while fully supervised methods require a large number of voxel-wise annotations for training, which is very labor-intensive and time-consuming. To address these two problems, we propose an Automated Peripancreatic vEssel Segmentation and lAbeling (APESA) framework, to not only highly improve the segmentation performance for PPV, but also efficiently identify the peripancreatic artery (PPA) branches. There are two core modules in our proposed APESA framework: iterative trunk growth module (ITGM) for vein segmentation and weakly supervised labeling mechanism (WSLM) for artery labeling. The ITGM is composed of a series of iterative submodules, each of which chooses the largest connected component of the previous PPV segmentation as the trunk of a tree structure, seeks for the potential missing branches around the trunk by our designed branch proposal network, and facilitates trunk growth under the connectivity constraint. The WSLM incorporates the rule-based pseudo label generation with less expert participation, an anatomical labeling network to learn the branch distribution voxel by voxel, and adaptive radius-based postprocessing to refine the branch structures of the labeling predictions. Our achieved Dice of 94.01% for PPV segmentation on our collected dataset represents an approximately 10% accuracy improvement compared to state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, we attained a Dice of 97.01% for PPA segmentation and competitive labeling performance for PPA labeling compared to prior works. Our source codes will be publicly available at https://github.com/ZouLiwen-1999/APESA.